在线、实时、准确监测舰船螺旋桨推力对船-机-桨匹配设计、舰船快速性预报及推进轴系健康管理等具有重要意义。然而,受轴系振动及环境干扰等测量噪声影响,螺旋桨推力产生的微弱应变信号易被测量噪声淹没,导致难以准确测量推力。当前,一...在线、实时、准确监测舰船螺旋桨推力对船-机-桨匹配设计、舰船快速性预报及推进轴系健康管理等具有重要意义。然而,受轴系振动及环境干扰等测量噪声影响,螺旋桨推力产生的微弱应变信号易被测量噪声淹没,导致难以准确测量推力。当前,一些常用的信号降噪方法,比如傅里叶变换、小波分析等均是基于纯数据降噪,未考虑测量数据中潜藏的力学机制。不同于这类降噪方法,Kalman滤波可同时考虑测量数据噪声及数据中的力学机制,对目标实现最小方差无偏估计,因而有更高的估计精度。因此,本文利用Kalman滤波结合应变测量信号提出一种螺旋桨推力高精度、在线辨识方法。以恒定转速、变转速及低频波动转速3种工况为例,研究了不同信噪比下本文方法的推力辨识精度与鲁棒性。研究表明,在信噪比仅为20 d B时,推力辨识最大相对误差仅为4.85%,因此本文方法在低信噪比下仍有很高的辨识精度与鲁棒性。同时,本文提出方法属于时域辨识方法,在转速突变、螺旋桨缠绕渔网等突发工况时亦能实时跟踪推力变化,因此可用于螺旋桨推力及轴系状态的在线、实时监测。展开更多
Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmit...Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmits professional knowledge for students,enhances the students’professional ability,and further carries out in-depth research on the course to bring a better teaching effect for students.The article mainly focuses on the research of the principles of concrete structure design course,conducts an analysis of the teaching characteristics of the principles of concrete structure design course,and reasonably sets the teaching content from the optimization of the course teaching objectives;innovative course teaching methods can deepen the effect of knowledge understanding;reform of experimental practice teaching can lay down the effect of the internalization of knowledge,etc.The in-depth description and discussion of the relevant aspects of the research aim to provide guidelines for related research.展开更多
In this study,biochar(BC)derived from pomelo was prepared via a high-temperature calcination method to modify the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))to synthesize the BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for the degradation of...In this study,biochar(BC)derived from pomelo was prepared via a high-temperature calcination method to modify the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))to synthesize the BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for the degradation of the tetracycline(TC)antibiotic under visible light irradiation.The experimental results exhibit that the optimal feeding weight ratio of biochar/urea is 0.03:1 in BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite could show the best photocatalytic activity with the degradation rate of tetracycline is 83%in 100 min irradiation.The improvement of photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the following two points:(i)the strong bonding with π-π stacking between BC and g-C_(3)N_(4)make the photogenerated electrons of light-excited g-C_(3)N_(4)transfer to BC,quickly and improve the separation efficiency of carriers;(ii)the introduction of BC reduces the distance for photogenerated electrons to migrate to the surface and increases the specific surface area for providing more active sites.This study provides a sustainable,economical and promising method for the synthesis of photocatalytic materials their application to wastewater treatment.展开更多
β-lactam antibiotics in aquatic environment have severely damaged ecological stability and caused a series of environmental pollution problems to be solved urgently.Herein,a novel composite photocatalyst prepared by ...β-lactam antibiotics in aquatic environment have severely damaged ecological stability and caused a series of environmental pollution problems to be solved urgently.Herein,a novel composite photocatalyst prepared by loading carbon dots(CDs)onto rod-like CoFe_(2)O_(4)(CFO),which can effectively degrade amoxicillin(AMX)by photocata lytic/peroxy mono sulfate(PMS)activation under visible light irradiation.The degradation results exhibits that the optimal degradation efficiency with 97.5%within 80 min is achievd by the CDs-CFO-5 composite.Such enhanced activity is ascribed to the introduction of CDs that effectively improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron pairs and creates new active sites as electron bridges that improve the photocata lytic performance.More importantly,a strong synergistic between CDs and photo-induced electrons generated from CFO can further activiate PMS to provide more SO4-·and·OH radicals for boosting the degradation ability towards AMX.The present study aims to elucidate positive role of CDs in photocata lytic/peroxy monosulfate activation during the degradation reaction.展开更多
为系统梳理生物炭对土壤微生物活动、群落等方面影响的研究进展和未来发展趋势,以2007-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中针对生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献为样本,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对文献的年发文量、研究力量和研究热点...为系统梳理生物炭对土壤微生物活动、群落等方面影响的研究进展和未来发展趋势,以2007-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中针对生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献为样本,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对文献的年发文量、研究力量和研究热点进行了可视化分析。从论文数量和质量来看,近年来以生物炭为主题对土壤微生物研究的发文数量呈现急剧增长趋势,发文数量最多的国家是中国和美国。文献排名TOP 10的科研机构有中国科学院、浙江大学和康奈尔大学等,作者分析显示科研团队之间存在深入的学术交流。基于关键词聚类分析和突现词分析,研究主题热点集中在不同材质、温度等条件制备的生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构、细菌和古菌的影响。该领域未来应更加注重生物炭改变土壤微生物的内在机理研究,提高生物炭和土壤微生物的联合作用关注度。展开更多
为了对精密铸件DR(digital radiography)图像中的缺陷进行准确分割,提出一种基于深度学习语义分割的铸件DR图像缺陷检测算法。首先在原始U-Net网络模型上设计混合损失函数,以此来缓解类不平衡问题;然后采用AdamW(Adam with weight decay...为了对精密铸件DR(digital radiography)图像中的缺陷进行准确分割,提出一种基于深度学习语义分割的铸件DR图像缺陷检测算法。首先在原始U-Net网络模型上设计混合损失函数,以此来缓解类不平衡问题;然后采用AdamW(Adam with weight decay)优化器使模型加速收敛,同时使检测精度得到提升。最后使用PReLu激活函数代替ReLu,提高模型泛化性。实验结果表明,改进的U-Net模型对精密铸件DR图像缺陷能够得到有效分割,检测精度较高,且模型参数量较少,能够在工业现场进行部署。展开更多
文摘在线、实时、准确监测舰船螺旋桨推力对船-机-桨匹配设计、舰船快速性预报及推进轴系健康管理等具有重要意义。然而,受轴系振动及环境干扰等测量噪声影响,螺旋桨推力产生的微弱应变信号易被测量噪声淹没,导致难以准确测量推力。当前,一些常用的信号降噪方法,比如傅里叶变换、小波分析等均是基于纯数据降噪,未考虑测量数据中潜藏的力学机制。不同于这类降噪方法,Kalman滤波可同时考虑测量数据噪声及数据中的力学机制,对目标实现最小方差无偏估计,因而有更高的估计精度。因此,本文利用Kalman滤波结合应变测量信号提出一种螺旋桨推力高精度、在线辨识方法。以恒定转速、变转速及低频波动转速3种工况为例,研究了不同信噪比下本文方法的推力辨识精度与鲁棒性。研究表明,在信噪比仅为20 d B时,推力辨识最大相对误差仅为4.85%,因此本文方法在低信噪比下仍有很高的辨识精度与鲁棒性。同时,本文提出方法属于时域辨识方法,在转速突变、螺旋桨缠绕渔网等突发工况时亦能实时跟踪推力变化,因此可用于螺旋桨推力及轴系状态的在线、实时监测。
文摘Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmits professional knowledge for students,enhances the students’professional ability,and further carries out in-depth research on the course to bring a better teaching effect for students.The article mainly focuses on the research of the principles of concrete structure design course,conducts an analysis of the teaching characteristics of the principles of concrete structure design course,and reasonably sets the teaching content from the optimization of the course teaching objectives;innovative course teaching methods can deepen the effect of knowledge understanding;reform of experimental practice teaching can lay down the effect of the internalization of knowledge,etc.The in-depth description and discussion of the relevant aspects of the research aim to provide guidelines for related research.
基金the founding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21906072, 22006057 and 31971616)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190982)+4 种基金“Doctor of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” Project in Jiangsu ProvinceHenan Postdoctoral Foundation (202003013)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Department of Education of Jilin Province (JJKH20200039KJ)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin City (20190104120, 201830811)the Project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan (20190201277JC, 20200301046RQ, YDZJ202101ZYTS070)
文摘In this study,biochar(BC)derived from pomelo was prepared via a high-temperature calcination method to modify the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))to synthesize the BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite for the degradation of the tetracycline(TC)antibiotic under visible light irradiation.The experimental results exhibit that the optimal feeding weight ratio of biochar/urea is 0.03:1 in BC/g-C_(3)N_(4)composite could show the best photocatalytic activity with the degradation rate of tetracycline is 83%in 100 min irradiation.The improvement of photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the following two points:(i)the strong bonding with π-π stacking between BC and g-C_(3)N_(4)make the photogenerated electrons of light-excited g-C_(3)N_(4)transfer to BC,quickly and improve the separation efficiency of carriers;(ii)the introduction of BC reduces the distance for photogenerated electrons to migrate to the surface and increases the specific surface area for providing more active sites.This study provides a sustainable,economical and promising method for the synthesis of photocatalytic materials their application to wastewater treatment.
基金founding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21906072,22006057 and 31971616)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190982)+4 种基金“Doctor of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”Project in Jiangsu Province,Henan Postdoctoral Foundation(202003013)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(China)(1062931806 and 1142931803)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Department of Education of Jilin Province(JJKH20200039KJ)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin City(20190104120,201830811)the Project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan(20190201277JC,20200301046RQ,YDZJ202101ZYTS070)。
文摘β-lactam antibiotics in aquatic environment have severely damaged ecological stability and caused a series of environmental pollution problems to be solved urgently.Herein,a novel composite photocatalyst prepared by loading carbon dots(CDs)onto rod-like CoFe_(2)O_(4)(CFO),which can effectively degrade amoxicillin(AMX)by photocata lytic/peroxy mono sulfate(PMS)activation under visible light irradiation.The degradation results exhibits that the optimal degradation efficiency with 97.5%within 80 min is achievd by the CDs-CFO-5 composite.Such enhanced activity is ascribed to the introduction of CDs that effectively improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron pairs and creates new active sites as electron bridges that improve the photocata lytic performance.More importantly,a strong synergistic between CDs and photo-induced electrons generated from CFO can further activiate PMS to provide more SO4-·and·OH radicals for boosting the degradation ability towards AMX.The present study aims to elucidate positive role of CDs in photocata lytic/peroxy monosulfate activation during the degradation reaction.
文摘为系统梳理生物炭对土壤微生物活动、群落等方面影响的研究进展和未来发展趋势,以2007-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中针对生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献为样本,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对文献的年发文量、研究力量和研究热点进行了可视化分析。从论文数量和质量来看,近年来以生物炭为主题对土壤微生物研究的发文数量呈现急剧增长趋势,发文数量最多的国家是中国和美国。文献排名TOP 10的科研机构有中国科学院、浙江大学和康奈尔大学等,作者分析显示科研团队之间存在深入的学术交流。基于关键词聚类分析和突现词分析,研究主题热点集中在不同材质、温度等条件制备的生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构、细菌和古菌的影响。该领域未来应更加注重生物炭改变土壤微生物的内在机理研究,提高生物炭和土壤微生物的联合作用关注度。
文摘为了对精密铸件DR(digital radiography)图像中的缺陷进行准确分割,提出一种基于深度学习语义分割的铸件DR图像缺陷检测算法。首先在原始U-Net网络模型上设计混合损失函数,以此来缓解类不平衡问题;然后采用AdamW(Adam with weight decay)优化器使模型加速收敛,同时使检测精度得到提升。最后使用PReLu激活函数代替ReLu,提高模型泛化性。实验结果表明,改进的U-Net模型对精密铸件DR图像缺陷能够得到有效分割,检测精度较高,且模型参数量较少,能够在工业现场进行部署。