Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel, has gained increasing attention due to its major environmental benefits. Pervaporation(PV) is a promising and competitive technique for the recovery of ethanol from bioethano...Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel, has gained increasing attention due to its major environmental benefits. Pervaporation(PV) is a promising and competitive technique for the recovery of ethanol from bioethanol fermentation systems due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, low energy consumption and easy coupling with fermentation process. The main challenge for the industrial application of ethanol perm-selective membranes is to break the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity. As membrane is the heart of the pervaporation separation process, this article attempts to provide a comprehensive survey on the breakthroughs of ethanol perm-selective PV membranes from the perspectives of tailoring membrane materials to enhance PV separation performance. The research and development of polymeric and organic/inorganic hybrid membranes are reviewed to explore the fundamental structure-property-performance relationships. It is found that mixed matrix membranes with welldesigned membrane structures offer the hope of better control overphysi-/chemical microenvironment and cavity/pore size as well as size distribution, which may provide both high permeability and membrane selectivity to break the trade-off effect. The tentative perspective on the possible future directions of ethanol perm-selective membranes is also briefly discussed, which may provide some insights in developing a new generation of high-performance PV membranes for ethanol recovery.展开更多
This study was to determine tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of mPEG-scutellarin prodrug(7e),a chemical entity previously shown to have a beneficial effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.After inj...This study was to determine tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of mPEG-scutellarin prodrug(7e),a chemical entity previously shown to have a beneficial effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.After injecting scutellarin or prodrug 7e,the concentrations of scutellarin and 7e in tissues were determined and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.The results showed that the distribution of scutellarin in tissues was enhanced by PEGylation.The distribution of 7e in brain was approximately 2.1-fold higher than that of scutellarin,indicating that PEGylation increased the brain penetration of scutellarin.We conclude that 7e could exert more effective protection on cerebral I/R injury in mice.This study also provided a simple and convenient strategy to identify novel drugs with potential protective function for I/R injury in mice.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)additive as a pore-former on the structure formation of membranes and their permeation properties connected with the changes in thermodynamic and kinetic...This study investigated the effect of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)additive as a pore-former on the structure formation of membranes and their permeation properties connected with the changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties in the phase inversion process.The membranes were prepared by using polyetherimide/Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone/PEG(PEI/NMP/PEG)casting solution and water coagulant.The resulting membranes,prepared by changing the ratio of PEG to PEI,were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations,measurements of water flux andγ-globin rejection.The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the membrane-forming system were studied through viscosity.The pore radius distribution curves were especially obtained by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Furthermore,the membranes were characterized for pure water flux and rejection of solute and by SEM observation.The filtration results agreed well with the SEM observations.As expected,PEG with a fixed molecular weight(PEG 600)acted as a pore forming agent,and membrane porosity increased as the PEG content of the casting solution increased.展开更多
基金financial support of Beijing Natural Science Foundation Commission-Beijing Municipal Education Commission Joint Foundation,China(KZ201910011012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21736001,21776153,21206001)+1 种基金Open Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry(CP-2020-YB7)College Students Scientific Research and Undertaking Starting Action Project,China。
文摘Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel, has gained increasing attention due to its major environmental benefits. Pervaporation(PV) is a promising and competitive technique for the recovery of ethanol from bioethanol fermentation systems due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, low energy consumption and easy coupling with fermentation process. The main challenge for the industrial application of ethanol perm-selective membranes is to break the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity. As membrane is the heart of the pervaporation separation process, this article attempts to provide a comprehensive survey on the breakthroughs of ethanol perm-selective PV membranes from the perspectives of tailoring membrane materials to enhance PV separation performance. The research and development of polymeric and organic/inorganic hybrid membranes are reviewed to explore the fundamental structure-property-performance relationships. It is found that mixed matrix membranes with welldesigned membrane structures offer the hope of better control overphysi-/chemical microenvironment and cavity/pore size as well as size distribution, which may provide both high permeability and membrane selectivity to break the trade-off effect. The tentative perspective on the possible future directions of ethanol perm-selective membranes is also briefly discussed, which may provide some insights in developing a new generation of high-performance PV membranes for ethanol recovery.
基金This work was supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20100480234)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173645).
文摘This study was to determine tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of mPEG-scutellarin prodrug(7e),a chemical entity previously shown to have a beneficial effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.After injecting scutellarin or prodrug 7e,the concentrations of scutellarin and 7e in tissues were determined and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.The results showed that the distribution of scutellarin in tissues was enhanced by PEGylation.The distribution of 7e in brain was approximately 2.1-fold higher than that of scutellarin,indicating that PEGylation increased the brain penetration of scutellarin.We conclude that 7e could exert more effective protection on cerebral I/R injury in mice.This study also provided a simple and convenient strategy to identify novel drugs with potential protective function for I/R injury in mice.
基金the financial support of the Major State Basic Research Program of China(2009CB623404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.20736003 and 20906056)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA06Z317,2008EG111021)the Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20070003130)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-08A01)the Postdoctor Science Foundation of China(023201069).
文摘This study investigated the effect of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)additive as a pore-former on the structure formation of membranes and their permeation properties connected with the changes in thermodynamic and kinetic properties in the phase inversion process.The membranes were prepared by using polyetherimide/Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone/PEG(PEI/NMP/PEG)casting solution and water coagulant.The resulting membranes,prepared by changing the ratio of PEG to PEI,were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations,measurements of water flux andγ-globin rejection.The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the membrane-forming system were studied through viscosity.The pore radius distribution curves were especially obtained by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Furthermore,the membranes were characterized for pure water flux and rejection of solute and by SEM observation.The filtration results agreed well with the SEM observations.As expected,PEG with a fixed molecular weight(PEG 600)acted as a pore forming agent,and membrane porosity increased as the PEG content of the casting solution increased.
