TIP30 regulates apoptosis-related genes in its apoptotic signal transduction pathway

AIM: To investigate the role of TIP30 in apoptotic signal pathway in hepatoblastoma cells and to provide a basis for TIP30 as a gene therapy candidate in the regression of hepatoblastoma cells.METHODS: Apoptosis of human hepatoblastoma cell lines HepG2 (p53 wild), Hep3B (p53 null) and PLC/RPF/5 (p53mutant) infected with Ad-TIP30 (bearing a wild type human Tip30 gene) were analyzed and p53, Bax and Bclxl expression levels were compared among these cells.MlT assay, DNA fragmentation, in situ 3' end labeling of DNA, annexin-Ⅴ FITC staining were used to detect cell death and apoptosis in cells at various time intervals subsequent to infection, and to determine whether TIP30 had an effect on the expression levels of some apoptosis-related gene products such as Bax, p53 and Bcl-xl. A similar time course experiment was performed by Western blotting.RESULTS: In MTT assay, the viability of HepG2 cells decreased significantly from 99.7% to 10% and displayed more massive cell death within 5-8 d than Hep3B and PLC/RPF/5 cells, with their viability decreased from 97.8% to 44.3% and 98.1% to 50.4%, respectively. In annexin-ⅤFITC assay, the percentage of apoptosis cells in HepG2cells was two to three-fold higher than that in control cells (infected with Ad-GFP), two-fold higher than that in Hep3B cells and 1.4-fold higher than that in PLC/RPF/5 cells 36 h after infection, respectively. Moreover, in HepG2 cells, the p53 began to increase 6-8 h after infection, reaching a maximum level between 8 and 12 h after infection and then dropped. Bax showed a similar increase in the cells as p53 reached the maximum at 8-12 h and subsequently decreased. Interestingly, Bcl-xl protein levels were down regulated during 24 to 36 h after Ad-TIP30 infection. In contrast, ectopic expression of TIP30 in Hep3B and PLC/RPF/5 cells had no effect on the regulation of Bax expression, but had an effect on Bcl-xl levels. In comparison with HepG2 cells, these data suggested that up-regulation of p53 levels by TIP30 might be a pre-requisite for Bax and Bax/Bcl-xl ratio increase. We hypothesized that TIP30 might regulate Bax gene partly through p53, which sensitizes cells to apoptosis by involving a p53 apoptosis signal transduction pathway.CONCLUSION: TIP30 plays an important role in predisposing hepatoblastoma cells to apoptosis through regulating expression levels of these genes. Ad-TIP30carrying exogenous TIP30-anti-tumor genes may be regarded as a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The Grape Component Resveratrol Interferes with the Function of Chemoattractant Receptors on Phagocytic Leukocytes

Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) (RV) is a constituent of grape seeds with anti-inflammatory andanti-oxidant activities. In this study, we examined the capacity of RV to modulate the function of Gprotein-coupled chemoattractant receptors, which play important roles in inflammation and immune responses.RV, over a non-cytotoxic concentration range, inhibited chemotactic and calcium mobilization responses ofphagocytic cells to selected chemoattractants. At low micromolar concentrations,RV potently reducedsuperoxide anion production by phagocytic leukocytes in response to the bacterial chemotactic peptide fMLF, ahigh affinity ligand for formylpeptide receptor FPR, and Ap.4z, an Alzheimer's disease-associated peptide and aligand for the FPR variant FPRL1. In addition, RV reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulatedkinase (ERK1/2) and the activation of nuclear factor NF-KB induced by formylpeptide receptor agonists. Theseresults suggest that the inhibition of the function of chemoattractant receptors may contribute to theanti-inflammatory properties of RV Thus, RV may be therapeutically promising for diseases in which activationof formylpeptide receptors contributes to the pathogenic processes. Cellular&Molecular Immunology. 2004;1(1):50-56.