Phase-tailored assembly and encoding of dissipative soliton molecules

Self-assembly of particle-like dissipative solitons,in the presence of mutual interactions,emphasizes the vibrant concept of soliton molecules in varieties of laser resonators.Controllable manipulation of the molecular patterns,held by the degrees of freedom of internal motions,still remains challenging to explore more efficient and subtle tailoring approaches for the increasing demands.Here,we report a new phase-tailored quaternary encoding format based on the controllable internal assembly of dissipative soliton molecules.Artificial manipulation of the energy exchange of soliton-molecular elements stimulates the deterministic harnessing of the assemblies of internal dynamics.Self-assembled soliton molecules are tailored into four phase-defined regimes,thus constituting the phase-tailored quaternary encoding format.Such phase-tailored streams are endowed with great robustness and are resistant to significant timing jitter.All these results experimentally demonstrate the programmable phase tailoring and exemplify the application of the phase-tailored quaternary encoding,prospectively promoting high-capacity all-optical storage.

Real-time dynamics of soliton triplets in fiber lasers

The evolution of soliton molecules emphasizes the complex soliton dynamics akin to matter molecules.Beyond the simplest soliton molecule-a soliton pair constituted by two bound pulses-soliton molecules with more constituents have more degrees of freedom because of the temporal pulse separations and relative phases.Here we detailedly characterize the transient dynamics of soliton triplets in fiber lasers by using the dispersive Fourier transform measurement.A particular form of leading,central,and tailing pulses is constructed to shed new light on more intriguing scenarios and fuel the molecular analogy.Especially the vibrating dynamics of the central and tailing pulses are captured near the regime of equally spaced soliton triplets,which is reminiscent of the recurrent timing jitters within multi-pulse structures.Further insights enable acess into a universal form of unequally spaced soliton triplets interpreted as 2+1 soliton molecules.Different binding strengths of intramo-lecular and intermolecular bonds are validated with respect to the diverse internal motions involved in this soliton triplet molcule.All these findings unveil the transient dynamics with more degrees of freedom as well as highlight the possible application for all-optical bit storage.

Nonlinear Fourier transform enabled eigenvalue spectrum investigation for fiber laser radiation

Fiber lasers are a paradigm of dissipative systems,which distinguish themselves from a Hamilton system where energy is conservative.Consequently,pulses generated in a fiber laser are always accompanied by the continuous wave(CW).Under certain hypothesis,pulses generated in a fiber laser can be considered as a soliton,a product of a Hamilton system.Therefore,all the descriptions of solitons of a fiber laser are approximate.Coexistence of solitons and the CW from a fiber laser prevents unveiling of real nonlinear dynamics in fiber lasers,such as soliton interactions.Pulse behavior in a fiber laser can be represented by the state of single pulse,the state of period doubling of single pulse,the states of two pulses either tightly bound or loosely distributed,the states of three pulses,and various combinations of the above-mentioned states.Recently,soliton distillation was proposed and numerically demonstrated based on the nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT)[J.Lightwave Technol.39,2542(2021)].Solitons can be separated from the coherent CW background.Therefore,it is feasible to isolate solitons from CW background in a fiber laser.Here,we applied the NFT to various pulses generated in a fiber laser,including single pulse,single pulse in period doubling,different double pulses,and multiple pulses.Furthermore,with the approach of soliton distillation,the corresponding pure solitons of those pulses are reconstructed.Simulation results suggest that the NFT can be used to identify soliton dynamics excluding CW influence in a fiber laser,which paves a new way for uncovering real soliton interaction in nonlinear systems.