Exploring the relationship between Ca^2+ and the "Qi" of TCM from the perspective of modern medicine

the ext remely fine mate rial that exists in the unive rse and is ubiquitous. The Qi of tr aditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is put forward on the basis of philosophical meaning. It points out that Qi is a very invasive and extremely subtle substance with strong vitality in the human body. It is the basic substance that constitutes the human body and maintains its life activity. Qi is the basic concept of TCM, but the unde「standing of the essence of Qi is not clear. At pr esent, the re are more and more studies on the essence of Qi of TCM, but it has not achieved a major breakthrough, which has become one of the problems that limit the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Through the research on the literature, it is found that Qi and Ca2+ are inext ricably simila r. This pape r attempts to expl ore the r ela ti onship between Qi and Ca^2+ from the aspects of source of pr oduc tion and physiological function to explain their simila r points. We hope to pro vide new ideas for the study of the essence of Qi and achieve the purpose of promoting the development of TCM.

Telomere-to-telomere genome of the allotetraploid legume Sesbania cannabina reveals transposon-driven subgenome divergence and mechanisms of alkaline stress tolerance

Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.

基因编辑在饲草育种中的应用与展望

基因编辑技术可对生物体的遗传物质进行精准修饰和定向改造,是当前生命科学领域最受瞩目的颠覆性技术之一,也是农牧业生物育种中的关键核心技术。近年来,随着我国对高产优质饲草的需求量持续增加,亟须培育具有自主知识产权的优质饲草品种。该文简要概述了基因编辑技术的发展及其在农业育种中的应用,总结了禾本科和豆科饲草的基因组编辑研究进展,展望了未来利用基因组编辑开展饲草分子设计育种的发展方向。

Targeted DNA demethylation produces heritable epialleles in rice

Dear Editor,DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is associated with the silencing of genes and transposable elements(TEs)(Law and Jacobsen,2010).Changes in DNA methylation can be transgenerationally inherited to generate stable epialleles in plants.Epialleles broaden genetic and phenotypic diversity。

Rice In Vivo RNA Structurome Reveals RNA Secondary Structure Conservation and Divergence in Plants

RNA secondary structure plays a critical role in gene regulation. Rice （Oryza sativa） is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, RNA structure in rice has scarcely been studied. Here, we have successfully generated in vivo Structure-seq libraries in rice. We found that the structural flexibility of mRNAs might associate with the dynamics of biological function. Higher N6-methyladenosine （mSA） modification tends to have less RNA structure in 3＇ UTR, whereas GC content does not significantly affect in vivo mRNA structure to maintain efficient biological processes such as translation. Comparative analysis of RNA structurome between rice and Arabidopsis revealed that higher GC content does not lead to stronger structure and less RNA structural flexibility. Moreover, we found a weak correlation between sequence and structure conservation of the orthologs between rice and Arabidopsis. The conservation and divergence of both sequence and in vivo RNA structure corresponds to diverse and specific biological processes. Our results indicate that RNA secondary structure might offer a separate layer of selection to the sequence between monocot and dicot. Therefore, our study implies that RNA structure evolves differently in various biological processes to maintain robustness in development and adaptational flexibility during angiosperm evolution.