Discoursing on Soxhlet extraction of ginseng using association analysis and scanning electron microscopy

Soxhlet extraction is a common method of sample preparation. However, there has been no discussion about the efficiency of Soxhlet extraction from different batches and the factors that cause content fluctuation. In this study, Panax ginseng was selected as a model sample. Soxhlet extraction by means of a water bath, which has always been neglected, was identified as a novel key factor in the poor repeat- ability in different batches of Soxhlet extraction, as it can affect the siphon times and reflux time, which have been positively correlated with the ginsenoside contents. By substituting round bottom flasks in the same column, the relative standard deviation of the most fluctuated compound, ginsenoside Rbl, was decreased from 24.6% to 5.02%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the breakdown of the surface of the ginseng powder in the Soxhlet extraction led to a better dissolution of ginsenosides, indicating that chloroform may promote the extraction of ginsenosides by disrupting the cell structure. Moreover, 70% methanol was regarded as the better solvent for extracting the ginsenosides. Overall, this work offers a practical and effective protocol for improving the accuracy and repeatability of Soxhlet extraction methodology for ginsenosides and other analytes.

不同产地黄连指纹图谱及质量评价(英文)

通过HPLC指纹图谱和主要生物碱成分的含量测定,对来自27个不同产地的88批黄连药材进行分析。色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini-NX C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-30 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.7%氨水,0.1%三乙胺);流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长270 nm,柱温30℃。得到分离度、重现性均较好的黄连药材HPLC指纹图谱,标示了12个共有色谱峰,对27个来自不同产地黄连样品的色谱指纹图谱进行了相似度评价;并测定了不同产地黄连样品中6个主要生物碱成分的含量,建立了黄连药材的真伪鉴别方法和其质量优劣的评价方法。