Effect of combined treatment with cyclophosphamidum and allicin on neuroblastoma-bearing mice

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of allicin combined with cyclophosphamide on neuroblastoma(NB)-bearing mice and explore the immunological mechanism in it.Methods:A total of 30NB-bearing mice were equally randomized into model group,cyclophosphamide group and combined therapy group,10 nudemice were set as normal saline(NS) group.Cyclophosphamide group and combined therapy group were weekly injected with 60 mg/kg cyclophosphamide for four weeks;besides,combined therapy group was given with allicin(10 mg/kg/d) by gastric perfusion for 4 weeks;model group and NS group were given with the same volume of NS.Serum VEGF content was detected by ELISA pre-treating(0 d) and on the 3rd d.14 th d and 28 th d;on29th d,all mice were sacrificed and the tumor,liver,spleen and thymic tissues were weighted.Tumors were made into paraffin section for detecting tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation by TUNEI.and BrdU method,respectively.Survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:After treatment,both treatment groups relieved on viscera indexes,VEGF level,T cell subsets distribution and tumor growth and each index of combined therapy group was better than cyclophosphamide group(P【0.05 or 0.01);only combined therapy group could significantly increase the lifetime of NB-bearing mice(χ~2=5.667,P=0.017).Conclusions:Allicin can improve T cell subsets distribution and inhibit VEGF expression through its immunomodulatory activity,thereby improve the efficiency on NB in coordination with cyclophosphamide.

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion.Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA)showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix.Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at400°C and caused significant strengthening.Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength(ultimate tensile strength>1030MPa)and higher tensile ductility(elongation>9.1%)than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment.The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.

Chinese Association for the Study of Pain:Expert consensus on chronic postsurgical pain

Chronic postsurgical pain is a common surgical complication that severely reduces a patient’s quality of life.Many perioperative interventions and management strategies have been developed for reducing and managing chronic postsurgical pain.Under the leadership of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain,an editorial committee was formed for chronic postsurgical pain diagnosis and treatment by experts in relevant fields.The editorial committee composed the main content and framework of this consensus and established a working group.The working group conducted literature review(1989-2020)using key words such as“surgery”,“post-surgical”,“post-operative”,“pain”,“chronic”,and“persistent”in different databases including MEDLINE,EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Only publications in the English language were included.The types of literature included systematic reviews,randomized controlled studies,cohort studies and case reports.This consensus was written based on clinical practice combined with literature evidence.The first draft of the consensus was rigorously reviewed and edited by all the editorial committee experts before being finalized.The level of evidence was assessed by methodological experts based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence.The strength of recommendation was evaluated by all editorial committee experts,and the opinions of most experts were adopted as the final decision.The recommendation level“strong”generally refers to recommendations based on high-level evidence and consistency between clinical behavior and expected results.The recommendation level“weak”generally refers to the uncertainty between clinical behavior and expected results based on low-level evidence.