Background In China's Mainland,patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)have approximately an 40%prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV).This disease leads to recurrent retinal ...Background In China's Mainland,patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)have approximately an 40%prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV).This disease leads to recurrent retinal pigment epithelium detachment(PED),extensive subretinal or vitreous hemorrhages,and severe vision loss.China has introduced various treatment modalities in the past years and gained comprehensive experience in treating PCV.Methods A total of 14 retinal specialists nationwide with expertise in PCV were empaneled to prioritize six questions and address their corresponding outcomes,regarding opinions on inactive PCV,choices of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)monotherapy,photodynamic therapy(PDT)monotherapy or combined therapy,patients with persistent subretinal fluid(SRF)or intraretinal fluid(IRF)after loading dose anti-VEGF,and patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage.An evidence synthesis team conducted systematic reviews,which informed the recommendations that address these questions.This guideline used the GRADE(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)approach to assess the certainty of evidence and grade the strengths of recommendations.Results The panel proposed the following six conditional recommendations regarding treatment choices.(1)For patients with inactive PCV,we suggest observation over treatment.(2)For treatment-na?ve PCV patients,we suggest either anti-VEGF monotherapy or combined anti-VEGF and PDT rather than PDT monotherapy.(3)For patients with PCV who plan to initiate combined anti-VEGF and PDT treatment,we suggest later/rescue PDT over initiate PDT.(4)For PCV patients who plan to initiate anti-VEGF monotherapy,we suggest the treat and extend(TE)regimen rather than the pro re nata(PRN)regimen following three monthly loading doses.(5)For patients with persistent SRF or IRF on optical coherence tomography(OCT)after three monthly anti-VEGF treatments,we suggest proceeding with anti-VEGF treatment rather than observation.(6)For PCV patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage(equal to or more than four optic disc areas)involving the central macula,we suggest surgery(vitrectomy in combination with tissue-plasminogen activator(tPA)intraocular injection and gas tamponade)rather than anti-VEGF monotherapy.Conclusions Six evidence-based recommendations support optimal care for PCV patients'management.展开更多
Organic room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have garnered considerable attention in the fields of biosensing,optoelectronic devices,and anticounterfeiting because of their substantial Stokes shifts,tunable ...Organic room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have garnered considerable attention in the fields of biosensing,optoelectronic devices,and anticounterfeiting because of their substantial Stokes shifts,tunable emission wavelengths,and prolonged lifetimes.These materials offer remarkable advantages for biological imaging applications by effectively reducing environmental autofluorescence and enhancing imaging resolution.Recently,host-guest systems have been employed as efficient approaches to fabricate pure-organic RTP materials for bioimaging,providing benefits such as controllable preparation and flexible modulation.Consequently,an increasing number of corresponding studies are being reported;however,a comprehensive systematic review is still lacking.Therefore,we summarize recent advances in the development of pureorganic RTP materials using host-guest systems with regard to bioimaging,including rigid matrices and sensitization.The challenge and potential of RTP for biological imaging are also proposed to promote the biomedical applications of organic RTP materials with excellent optical properties.展开更多
· AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and distributions of bevacizumab by intravitreal injection of prepared bevacizumab-poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microspheres in rabbits, to provide evidence for...· AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and distributions of bevacizumab by intravitreal injection of prepared bevacizumab-poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microspheres in rabbits, to provide evidence for clinical application of this kind of bevacizumab sustained release dosage form.·METHODS: Bevacizumab was encapsulated into PLGA microsphere via the solid- in- oil- in- hydrophilic oil(S/O/h O) method. Fifteen healthy New Zealand albino-rabbits were used in experiments. The eyes of each rabbit received an intravitreal injection. The left eyes were injected with prepared bevacizumab-PLGA microspheres and the right eyes were injected with bevacizumab solution. After intravitreal injection, rabbits were randomly selected at day 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 respectively, three animals each day. Then we used immunofluorescence staining to observe the distribution and duration of bevacizumab in rabbit eye tissues, and used the sandwich ELISA to quantify the concentration of free bevacizumab from the rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous after intravitreal injection.·RESULTS: The results show that the concentration of bevacizumab in vitreous and aqueous humor after administration of PLGA formulation was higher than thatof bevacizumab solution. The T1/2of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab-PLGA microspheres is 9.6d in vitreous and 10.2d in aqueous humor, and the T1/2of intravitreal injection of soluble bevacizumab is 3.91 d in vitreous and4.1d in aqueous humor. There were statistical significant difference for comparison the results of the bevacizumab in vitreous and aqueous humor between the left and right eyes(P 【0.05). The AUC0-tof the sustained release dosage form was 1-fold higher than that of the soluble form. The relative bioavailability was raised significantly.The immunofluorescence staining of PLGA-encapsulated bevacizumab(b-PLGA) in rabbit eye tissues was still observed up to 42 d. It was longer than that of the soluble form.· CONCLUSION: The result of this study shows the beneficial effects of PLGA in prolonging the residency of bevacizumab in the vitreous. And the drug delivery system may have potential as a treatment modality for related disease.展开更多
Metal-free materials with multicolor tunable circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)are attractive because of their potential applications in information storage and encryption.Here,we designed two enantiomers composed...Metal-free materials with multicolor tunable circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)are attractive because of their potential applications in information storage and encryption.Here,we designed two enantiomers composed of chiral dialkyl glutamides and achiral vibration-induced emission(VIE)moiety,which can switch on CPL after a simple gelation process.It is noteworthy that the CPL colors vary in different solvents,and this is attributed to various self-assembly-induced microstructures,in which the VIE moiety is restrained to different degrees.Accordingly,a multidimensional code system composed of a quick response code,a ultraviolet(UV)light-activated color code,and a CPL information figure was constructed.To our satisfaction,the system possesses multiple information-storage functions.The orthogonal anticounterfeiting and CPLenhanced encryption functions also improve the system information encryption ability.In brief,this study provides a practical example of CPL applied to information security and an effective approach to obtain a single-component color-tunable CPL material with multiple information storage and encryption functions as well.展开更多
In addition to the popularity of laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG),many reconstructive procedures after LG have been reported.Surgical resection and lymphatic dissection determine long-term survival;however,the election of...In addition to the popularity of laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG),many reconstructive procedures after LG have been reported.Surgical resection and lymphatic dissection determine long-term survival;however,the election of a reconstruction procedure determines the postoperative quality of life for patients with gastric cancer(GC).Presently,no consensus exists regarding the optimal reconstructive procedure.In this review,the current state of digestive tract reconstruction after LG is reviewed.According to the determining influence of the tumor site on the procedures of surgical resection and reconstruction,we divide these reconstruction procedures into three categories consistent with the resection procedures.We focus on the technical tips of every reconstruction procedure and examine the surgical outcomes(length of surgery and blood loss)and postoperative complications(anastomotic leakage and stricture)to facilitate gastrointestinal surgeons to understand the merits and demerits of every reconstruction procedure.展开更多
This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation ...This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)^(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.展开更多
AIM: To gain a better understanding of the overall efficacy of valproic acid(VPA) treatment for retinitis pigmentosa(RP). METHODS: Publications in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.go...AIM: To gain a better understanding of the overall efficacy of valproic acid(VPA) treatment for retinitis pigmentosa(RP). METHODS: Publications in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for clinical trials of patients with RP assigned to treatment with VPA. Patients' pre-and post-treatment visual field(VF) and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) scores were extracted and compared to assess changes. RESULTS: A total of 78 reports were retrieved and 6 studies involving 116 patients were included in the Meta-analysis.The combined results showed a significant decrease in logarithm of minimal angle of resolution(logMAR) scores,calculated using baseline and post-treatment BCVA(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04,I2=36%) scores, which means there was considerable improvement in visual acuity. Meanwhile, more BCVA changes were observed in short-term(≤6 mo) treatment studies(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=38%), studies conducted in Asia(P<0.00001,mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=4%), studies with a sample size of 30 or fewer patients(P<0.00001,mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=38%) and prospective studies(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05,95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=0%). However, VPA's effect on VF was inconsistent across studies(P=0.75, mean difference=-22.76, 95%CI:-160.56, 115.05, I2=68%). CONCLUSION: This Meta-analysis reveals that most RP patients who were treated with VPA showed improvement in BCVA. However, its effect on VF remains inconsistent.VPA may be a promising treatment for RP.展开更多
BACKGROUND The results of previous animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that there is a correlation between expression of betatrophin and blood lipid levels.However,there are still differences studies on...BACKGROUND The results of previous animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that there is a correlation between expression of betatrophin and blood lipid levels.However,there are still differences studies on the correlation and interaction mechanism between betatrophin,angiogenin-likeprotein3(ANGPTL3)and lipoprotein lipase(LPL).In our previous studies,we found an increase in serum ANGPTL3 Levels in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Therefore,we retrospectively studied Kazakh CHD patients.AIM To explore the correlation between the betatrophin/ANGPTL3/LPL pathway and severity of coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients with CHD.METHODS Nondiabetic patients diagnosed with CHD were selected as the case group;79 were of Kazakh descent and 72 were of Han descent.The control groups comprised of 61 Kazakh and 65 Han individuals.The serum levels of betatrophin and LPL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the double antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect serum level of ANGPTL3.The levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,and fasting blood glucose in each group were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer.At the same time,the clinical baseline data of patients in each group were included.RESULTS Betatrophin,ANGPTL3 and LPL levels of Kazakh patients were significantly higher than those of Han patients(P=0.031,0.038,0.021 respectively).There was a positive correlation between the Gensini score and total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),betatrophin,and LPL in Kazakh patients(r=0.204,0.453,0.352,0.471,and 0.382 respectively),(P=0.043,0.009,0.048,0.001,and P<0.001 respectively).A positive correlation was found between the Gensini score and body mass index(BMI),TC,TG,LDL-C,LPL,betatrophin in Han patients(r=0.438,0.195,0.296,0.357,0.328,and 0.446 respectively),(P=0.044,0.026,0.003,0.20,0.004,and P<0.001).TG and betatrophin were the risk factors of coronary artery disease in Kazakh patients,while BMI and betatrophin were the risk factors in Han patients.CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the betatrophin/ANGPTL3/LPL pathway and severity of CAD in patients with CHD.展开更多
Metal-free room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have the characteristics of large Stokes shift,long lifetime,and triplet state transition.They exhibit application potential in various fields,such as bioimagi...Metal-free room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have the characteristics of large Stokes shift,long lifetime,and triplet state transition.They exhibit application potential in various fields,such as bioimaging,computer display,sensor,and anticounterfeiting and have drawn much research interest.Recent work showed that manipulating intermolecular interactions(e.g.,crystallization,polymerization,and rigid matrix)and host-guest assembly to restrain nonradiative transitions and isolate phosphor from oxygen as much as possible is a feasible way to obtain various types of efficient RTP materials.In some cases,intermolecular interactions also facilitated RTP emission by regulating the triplet state.On the other hand,heavy atoms(Br,I,etc.),heteroatoms(N,O,S,etc.),or carbonyls were introduced to the molecular skeleton through molecular engineering to enhance intersystem crossing,which is important for populating the triplet exciton.By comprehensively using the aforesaid strategies,great progress has been made for RTP materials.In this mini-review,we summarized recent advances in organic RTP materials based on manipulating intermolecular interactions.Typical host-guest assembly,hydrogen-bond assembly,energy transfer process,and exciplex emission system-based RTP materials were well illustrated.In summary,the current challenges and prospects for development in this field were presented.展开更多
We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT,NICER and MAXI.This outburst can be class...We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT,NICER and MAXI.This outburst can be classified roughly into four different states.Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)observed by NICER(about 0.1-6 Hz)and Insight-HXMT(about 0.7-8 Hz)are also reported in this work.Meanwhile,we study various physical quantities related to QPO frequency.The QPO rms-frequency relationship in the energy band 1-10 keV indicates that there is a turning pointing in frequency around2 Hz,which is similar to that of GRS 1915+105.A possible hypothesis for the relationship above may be related to the inclination of the source,which may require a high inclination to explain it.The relationships between QPO frequency and QPO rms,hardness,total fractional rms and count rate have also been found in other transient sources,which can indicate that the origin of type-C QPOs is non-thermal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome(BrS)is an inherited disease characterized by an electrocardiogram(ECG)with a coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads(V1-V3),which predisposes to sudden cardiac death(S...BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome(BrS)is an inherited disease characterized by an electrocardiogram(ECG)with a coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads(V1-V3),which predisposes to sudden cardiac death(SCD)due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in the absence of structural heart disease.We report the case of a 29-year-old man with out-ofhospital cardiac arrest.BrS is associated with a high incidence of SCD in adults,and increasing the awareness of BrS and prompt recognition of the Brugada ECG pattern can be lifesaving.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old man suffered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,and after defibrillation,his ECG demonstrated a coved-type elevated ST segment in V1 and V2.These findings were compatible with type 1 Brugada pattern,and ECG of his brother showed a type 2 Brugada pattern.The diagnosis was BrS,NYHF IV,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,sepsis,and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.The patient had no arrhythmia episodes after discharge throughout a follow-up period of 36 mo.CONCLUSION Increasing awareness of BrS and prompt recognition of the Brugada ECG pattern can be lifesaving.展开更多
Excitation wavelength dependent(Ex-De) luminescent materials have attracted intense attention due to their great potential in multicolor bioimaging,dynamic anti-counterfeiting,and light emitting devices.However,it rem...Excitation wavelength dependent(Ex-De) luminescent materials have attracted intense attention due to their great potential in multicolor bioimaging,dynamic anti-counterfeiting,and light emitting devices.However,it remains a formidable challenge to construct an Ex-De luminescent biomaterial with green starting materials,excellent biocompatibility,good water solubility,and multiple color emission for dynamic cell imaging.In this work,nanocomposites based on the facile self-assembly strategy of bovine serum albumin(BSA) and Au(Ⅰ)-complex are rationally designed and synthesized to simultaneously present Ex-De fluorescence(429–516 nm) and decent phosphorescence(~615 nm) in a dilute aqueous solution.Combinatory analyses of spectroscopic and microscopic results reveal that the luminescent mechanism of Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanocomposites is cluster-induced Ex-De fluorescence and metal-to-ligand charge transition(MLCT) based phosphorescence.Importantly,based on the excellent biocompatibility,water-solubility and color-tunable emission over the entire visible region(360–800 nm),the Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanocomposites are successfully used for cell imaging with multiple and switchable colors on demand.What is more,the solid tablets of Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanoparticles showed pressure-responsive luminescence and decent room temperature phosphorescence.This work provides an assembling-induced emission strategy for the design of water-soluble,non-cytotoxic,and color-tunable luminescent biomaterials based on the composite of protein and Au nanoparticles.展开更多
To address problems caused by rice machine transplanting such as injury to the seedlings and recovery period that extend growth period,this study explored the effects of different machine transplanting methods on the ...To address problems caused by rice machine transplanting such as injury to the seedlings and recovery period that extend growth period,this study explored the effects of different machine transplanting methods on the physiological and yield characteristics of late rice in China,and determine the appropriate machine transplanting method for late rice,which was expected to provide a basis for high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice.Hybrid indica rice Taiyou 398 and conventional indica rice Jing Gangruanzhan were selected as the research objects,and large-pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M1),conventional pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M2)and ordinary carpet seedling machine transplanting(M3)were adopted respectively to analyze their effects on seedling quality,population physiological characteristics,yield and its components and economic benefits of late rice.The results showed that compared with M2 and M3,M1 achieved higher seedling quality,showing significant advantages in the early stage despite average root entwining force that met the requirement of machine transplanting.The seedlings transplanted using M1 had shorter recovery period after mechanical transplanting,with earlier tillering,earlier peak seedling,and slower declining of stems and tillers in the late stage;the peak seedling number was not high,but the effective tiller number and earbearing tiller percentage were significantly higher than those achieved by the other two machine transplanting methods.Also,M1 achieved stronger photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves before HS,with more photosynthetic products in stems and leaves transported to panicles and more efficiently after HS.Compared with seedlings transplanted using M2 and M3,the recovery period of those transplanted using M1 was shortened by 3 and 5 d,the heading stage(HS),and maturity stage(MS)were advanced,which effectively reduced the risk and impact of“cold dew wind”on machine-transplanted late rice.M1 had significant yield increase advantage and economic benefit,with better grain maturity,and“larger panicles,more panicles,more and fuller grains”.M1 achieved an average yield increase of 10.31%-11.10%,20.67%-25.10%in 2 years,and an average income increase of 18.65%-131.06%and 62.85%-323.78%,respectively.Therefore,vigorously developing M1 is the key to the high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice in China.展开更多
Objective.Chronic stress(CS)-induced abnormal metabolism and other subsequent aspects of abnormality are threatening human health.Little is known regarding whether and how protein post-translational-modifications(PTMs...Objective.Chronic stress(CS)-induced abnormal metabolism and other subsequent aspects of abnormality are threatening human health.Little is known regarding whether and how protein post-translational-modifications(PTMs)correlate with abnormal metabolism under CS.The aim of this study was to address this issue and also identify novel key protein PTM.Methods.First,we screened which pan-PTM had significant change between control and CS female mice and whether clinical CS females had similar pan-PTM change.Second,we performed quantitative PTM-omics and metabolomics to verify the correlation between abnormal protein PTMs and atypical metabolism.Third,we performed quantitative phospho-omics to identify the key PTM-regulating enzyme and investigate the interaction between PTM protein and PTM-regulating enzyme.Fourth,we attempted to rectify the abnormal metabolism by correcting the activity of the PTM-regulating enzyme.Finally,we examined whether the selected key protein was also correlated with stress scores and atypical metabolism in clinical women.Results.We initially found that multiple tissues of CS female mice have downregulated pan-crotonylation,and verified that the plasma of clinical CS females also had downregulated pan-crotonylation.Then we determined that ATP5O-K51 crotonylation decreased the most and also caused gross ATP5O decrement,whereas the plasma of CS mice had downregulated phospholipids.Next,downregulating ATP5O crotonylation partially recapitulated the downregulated phospholipid metabolism in CS mice.Next,we verified that HDAC2-S424 phosphorylation determined its decrotonylation activity on ATP5O-K51.Furthermore,correcting HDAC2 hyper-phosphorylation recovered the gross ATP5O level and partially rescued the downregulated phospholipid metabolism in CS mice.Finally,the ATP5O level was also significantly iower and correlated with high stress scores and downregulated phospholipid metabolism in clinical female plasma.Conclusion.This study discovered a novel PTM mechanism involving two distinct types of PTM in CS and provided a novel reference for the clinical precautions and treatments of CS.展开更多
BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic e...BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.AIM To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.METHODS PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)were identified as key genes for PBC.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes.Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software.The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated.Finally,a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.RESULTS We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA.These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and Th1,Th2,and Th17 cell differentiation.We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes(CD247,IL10,CCL5,CCL3,and STAT3)in PPI networks.These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC.However,inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.CONCLUSION Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment,thereby offering significant clinical utility.展开更多
There are urgent needs of volatile amine gas sensors with high-performance in food quality control,disease monitoring and environmental pollution.Thin-film fluorescent probe is suitable for amine vapour sensing due to...There are urgent needs of volatile amine gas sensors with high-performance in food quality control,disease monitoring and environmental pollution.Thin-film fluorescent probe is suitable for amine vapour sensing due to its high sensitivity,high selectivity,and no polluting analyte.Herein,a novel fluorescent probe based on indacenodithiophene structure withπconjugated system was designed and synthesized.The experimental results show that the films prepared by this material exhibit rapid and distinct fluorescence quenching after being exposed to saturated vapours of primary amine,secondary amine and tertiary amine represented by n-propylamine,diethylamine and trimethylamine,respectively.The quenching of fluorescence is 84%,87%and 96%,respectively,within 10 s.The detection mechanism of probe for primary amine is based on specific chemical reaction,while the detection mechanism for secondary amine and tertiary amine is intramolecular charge transfer.Further experiments show that the detection limit of the fluorescent probe for trimethylamine,an important marker of food spoilage,could reach 4.610 ppt.On-site detection based on spoilage of small yellow croaker suggests the material possesses the potential for food freshness detection.This simple fluorogenic probe is an original approach to simplify real-time visual monitoring of volatile amine vapour.展开更多
文摘Background In China's Mainland,patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)have approximately an 40%prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV).This disease leads to recurrent retinal pigment epithelium detachment(PED),extensive subretinal or vitreous hemorrhages,and severe vision loss.China has introduced various treatment modalities in the past years and gained comprehensive experience in treating PCV.Methods A total of 14 retinal specialists nationwide with expertise in PCV were empaneled to prioritize six questions and address their corresponding outcomes,regarding opinions on inactive PCV,choices of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)monotherapy,photodynamic therapy(PDT)monotherapy or combined therapy,patients with persistent subretinal fluid(SRF)or intraretinal fluid(IRF)after loading dose anti-VEGF,and patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage.An evidence synthesis team conducted systematic reviews,which informed the recommendations that address these questions.This guideline used the GRADE(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)approach to assess the certainty of evidence and grade the strengths of recommendations.Results The panel proposed the following six conditional recommendations regarding treatment choices.(1)For patients with inactive PCV,we suggest observation over treatment.(2)For treatment-na?ve PCV patients,we suggest either anti-VEGF monotherapy or combined anti-VEGF and PDT rather than PDT monotherapy.(3)For patients with PCV who plan to initiate combined anti-VEGF and PDT treatment,we suggest later/rescue PDT over initiate PDT.(4)For PCV patients who plan to initiate anti-VEGF monotherapy,we suggest the treat and extend(TE)regimen rather than the pro re nata(PRN)regimen following three monthly loading doses.(5)For patients with persistent SRF or IRF on optical coherence tomography(OCT)after three monthly anti-VEGF treatments,we suggest proceeding with anti-VEGF treatment rather than observation.(6)For PCV patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage(equal to or more than four optic disc areas)involving the central macula,we suggest surgery(vitrectomy in combination with tissue-plasminogen activator(tPA)intraocular injection and gas tamponade)rather than anti-VEGF monotherapy.Conclusions Six evidence-based recommendations support optimal care for PCV patients'management.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22125803, 22020102006 and 22307036)a project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2018SHZDZX03)+2 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (No. 20XD1421300)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M731079)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Organic room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have garnered considerable attention in the fields of biosensing,optoelectronic devices,and anticounterfeiting because of their substantial Stokes shifts,tunable emission wavelengths,and prolonged lifetimes.These materials offer remarkable advantages for biological imaging applications by effectively reducing environmental autofluorescence and enhancing imaging resolution.Recently,host-guest systems have been employed as efficient approaches to fabricate pure-organic RTP materials for bioimaging,providing benefits such as controllable preparation and flexible modulation.Consequently,an increasing number of corresponding studies are being reported;however,a comprehensive systematic review is still lacking.Therefore,we summarize recent advances in the development of pureorganic RTP materials using host-guest systems with regard to bioimaging,including rigid matrices and sensitization.The challenge and potential of RTP for biological imaging are also proposed to promote the biomedical applications of organic RTP materials with excellent optical properties.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30973263, No.81370869)
文摘· AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and distributions of bevacizumab by intravitreal injection of prepared bevacizumab-poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microspheres in rabbits, to provide evidence for clinical application of this kind of bevacizumab sustained release dosage form.·METHODS: Bevacizumab was encapsulated into PLGA microsphere via the solid- in- oil- in- hydrophilic oil(S/O/h O) method. Fifteen healthy New Zealand albino-rabbits were used in experiments. The eyes of each rabbit received an intravitreal injection. The left eyes were injected with prepared bevacizumab-PLGA microspheres and the right eyes were injected with bevacizumab solution. After intravitreal injection, rabbits were randomly selected at day 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 respectively, three animals each day. Then we used immunofluorescence staining to observe the distribution and duration of bevacizumab in rabbit eye tissues, and used the sandwich ELISA to quantify the concentration of free bevacizumab from the rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous after intravitreal injection.·RESULTS: The results show that the concentration of bevacizumab in vitreous and aqueous humor after administration of PLGA formulation was higher than thatof bevacizumab solution. The T1/2of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab-PLGA microspheres is 9.6d in vitreous and 10.2d in aqueous humor, and the T1/2of intravitreal injection of soluble bevacizumab is 3.91 d in vitreous and4.1d in aqueous humor. There were statistical significant difference for comparison the results of the bevacizumab in vitreous and aqueous humor between the left and right eyes(P 【0.05). The AUC0-tof the sustained release dosage form was 1-fold higher than that of the soluble form. The relative bioavailability was raised significantly.The immunofluorescence staining of PLGA-encapsulated bevacizumab(b-PLGA) in rabbit eye tissues was still observed up to 42 d. It was longer than that of the soluble form.· CONCLUSION: The result of this study shows the beneficial effects of PLGA in prolonging the residency of bevacizumab in the vitreous. And the drug delivery system may have potential as a treatment modality for related disease.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFB3203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21788102,22125803,and 22020102006)+2 种基金project support by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2018SHZDZX03)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(grant no.20XD1421300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Metal-free materials with multicolor tunable circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)are attractive because of their potential applications in information storage and encryption.Here,we designed two enantiomers composed of chiral dialkyl glutamides and achiral vibration-induced emission(VIE)moiety,which can switch on CPL after a simple gelation process.It is noteworthy that the CPL colors vary in different solvents,and this is attributed to various self-assembly-induced microstructures,in which the VIE moiety is restrained to different degrees.Accordingly,a multidimensional code system composed of a quick response code,a ultraviolet(UV)light-activated color code,and a CPL information figure was constructed.To our satisfaction,the system possesses multiple information-storage functions.The orthogonal anticounterfeiting and CPLenhanced encryption functions also improve the system information encryption ability.In brief,this study provides a practical example of CPL applied to information security and an effective approach to obtain a single-component color-tunable CPL material with multiple information storage and encryption functions as well.
文摘In addition to the popularity of laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG),many reconstructive procedures after LG have been reported.Surgical resection and lymphatic dissection determine long-term survival;however,the election of a reconstruction procedure determines the postoperative quality of life for patients with gastric cancer(GC).Presently,no consensus exists regarding the optimal reconstructive procedure.In this review,the current state of digestive tract reconstruction after LG is reviewed.According to the determining influence of the tumor site on the procedures of surgical resection and reconstruction,we divide these reconstruction procedures into three categories consistent with the resection procedures.We focus on the technical tips of every reconstruction procedure and examine the surgical outcomes(length of surgery and blood loss)and postoperative complications(anastomotic leakage and stricture)to facilitate gastrointestinal surgeons to understand the merits and demerits of every reconstruction procedure.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA050800)the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJZD-EW-TZ-G10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41671201 and 91525101)
文摘This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)^(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770970,No.81271022)
文摘AIM: To gain a better understanding of the overall efficacy of valproic acid(VPA) treatment for retinitis pigmentosa(RP). METHODS: Publications in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for clinical trials of patients with RP assigned to treatment with VPA. Patients' pre-and post-treatment visual field(VF) and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) scores were extracted and compared to assess changes. RESULTS: A total of 78 reports were retrieved and 6 studies involving 116 patients were included in the Meta-analysis.The combined results showed a significant decrease in logarithm of minimal angle of resolution(logMAR) scores,calculated using baseline and post-treatment BCVA(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04,I2=36%) scores, which means there was considerable improvement in visual acuity. Meanwhile, more BCVA changes were observed in short-term(≤6 mo) treatment studies(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=38%), studies conducted in Asia(P<0.00001,mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=4%), studies with a sample size of 30 or fewer patients(P<0.00001,mean difference=-0.05, 95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=38%) and prospective studies(P<0.00001, mean difference=-0.05,95%CI:-0.05,-0.04, I2=0%). However, VPA's effect on VF was inconsistent across studies(P=0.75, mean difference=-22.76, 95%CI:-160.56, 115.05, I2=68%). CONCLUSION: This Meta-analysis reveals that most RP patients who were treated with VPA showed improvement in BCVA. However, its effect on VF remains inconsistent.VPA may be a promising treatment for RP.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8660085Natural Science Foundation of Shihezi University,No.ZZZC201712A
文摘BACKGROUND The results of previous animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that there is a correlation between expression of betatrophin and blood lipid levels.However,there are still differences studies on the correlation and interaction mechanism between betatrophin,angiogenin-likeprotein3(ANGPTL3)and lipoprotein lipase(LPL).In our previous studies,we found an increase in serum ANGPTL3 Levels in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Therefore,we retrospectively studied Kazakh CHD patients.AIM To explore the correlation between the betatrophin/ANGPTL3/LPL pathway and severity of coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients with CHD.METHODS Nondiabetic patients diagnosed with CHD were selected as the case group;79 were of Kazakh descent and 72 were of Han descent.The control groups comprised of 61 Kazakh and 65 Han individuals.The serum levels of betatrophin and LPL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the double antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect serum level of ANGPTL3.The levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,and fasting blood glucose in each group were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer.At the same time,the clinical baseline data of patients in each group were included.RESULTS Betatrophin,ANGPTL3 and LPL levels of Kazakh patients were significantly higher than those of Han patients(P=0.031,0.038,0.021 respectively).There was a positive correlation between the Gensini score and total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),betatrophin,and LPL in Kazakh patients(r=0.204,0.453,0.352,0.471,and 0.382 respectively),(P=0.043,0.009,0.048,0.001,and P<0.001 respectively).A positive correlation was found between the Gensini score and body mass index(BMI),TC,TG,LDL-C,LPL,betatrophin in Han patients(r=0.438,0.195,0.296,0.357,0.328,and 0.446 respectively),(P=0.044,0.026,0.003,0.20,0.004,and P<0.001).TG and betatrophin were the risk factors of coronary artery disease in Kazakh patients,while BMI and betatrophin were the risk factors in Han patients.CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the betatrophin/ANGPTL3/LPL pathway and severity of CAD in patients with CHD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21788102,22125803,22020102006,21871083)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX03)+3 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1421300)the“Shu Guang”Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(19SG26)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20220106)。
文摘Metal-free room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have the characteristics of large Stokes shift,long lifetime,and triplet state transition.They exhibit application potential in various fields,such as bioimaging,computer display,sensor,and anticounterfeiting and have drawn much research interest.Recent work showed that manipulating intermolecular interactions(e.g.,crystallization,polymerization,and rigid matrix)and host-guest assembly to restrain nonradiative transitions and isolate phosphor from oxygen as much as possible is a feasible way to obtain various types of efficient RTP materials.In some cases,intermolecular interactions also facilitated RTP emission by regulating the triplet state.On the other hand,heavy atoms(Br,I,etc.),heteroatoms(N,O,S,etc.),or carbonyls were introduced to the molecular skeleton through molecular engineering to enhance intersystem crossing,which is important for populating the triplet exciton.By comprehensively using the aforesaid strategies,great progress has been made for RTP materials.In this mini-review,we summarized recent advances in organic RTP materials based on manipulating intermolecular interactions.Typical host-guest assembly,hydrogen-bond assembly,energy transfer process,and exciplex emission system-based RTP materials were well illustrated.In summary,the current challenges and prospects for development in this field were presented.
基金the HXMT mission,a project funded by China National Space Administration(CNSA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0400800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11673023,U1838201,U1838115,U1838111,U1838202,11733009 and U1838108)。
文摘We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT,NICER and MAXI.This outburst can be classified roughly into four different states.Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)observed by NICER(about 0.1-6 Hz)and Insight-HXMT(about 0.7-8 Hz)are also reported in this work.Meanwhile,we study various physical quantities related to QPO frequency.The QPO rms-frequency relationship in the energy band 1-10 keV indicates that there is a turning pointing in frequency around2 Hz,which is similar to that of GRS 1915+105.A possible hypothesis for the relationship above may be related to the inclination of the source,which may require a high inclination to explain it.The relationships between QPO frequency and QPO rms,hardness,total fractional rms and count rate have also been found in other transient sources,which can indicate that the origin of type-C QPOs is non-thermal.
文摘BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome(BrS)is an inherited disease characterized by an electrocardiogram(ECG)with a coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads(V1-V3),which predisposes to sudden cardiac death(SCD)due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in the absence of structural heart disease.We report the case of a 29-year-old man with out-ofhospital cardiac arrest.BrS is associated with a high incidence of SCD in adults,and increasing the awareness of BrS and prompt recognition of the Brugada ECG pattern can be lifesaving.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old man suffered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,and after defibrillation,his ECG demonstrated a coved-type elevated ST segment in V1 and V2.These findings were compatible with type 1 Brugada pattern,and ECG of his brother showed a type 2 Brugada pattern.The diagnosis was BrS,NYHF IV,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,sepsis,and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.The patient had no arrhythmia episodes after discharge throughout a follow-up period of 36 mo.CONCLUSION Increasing awareness of BrS and prompt recognition of the Brugada ECG pattern can be lifesaving.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101208,22125803,22020102006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for Professors of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
文摘Excitation wavelength dependent(Ex-De) luminescent materials have attracted intense attention due to their great potential in multicolor bioimaging,dynamic anti-counterfeiting,and light emitting devices.However,it remains a formidable challenge to construct an Ex-De luminescent biomaterial with green starting materials,excellent biocompatibility,good water solubility,and multiple color emission for dynamic cell imaging.In this work,nanocomposites based on the facile self-assembly strategy of bovine serum albumin(BSA) and Au(Ⅰ)-complex are rationally designed and synthesized to simultaneously present Ex-De fluorescence(429–516 nm) and decent phosphorescence(~615 nm) in a dilute aqueous solution.Combinatory analyses of spectroscopic and microscopic results reveal that the luminescent mechanism of Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanocomposites is cluster-induced Ex-De fluorescence and metal-to-ligand charge transition(MLCT) based phosphorescence.Importantly,based on the excellent biocompatibility,water-solubility and color-tunable emission over the entire visible region(360–800 nm),the Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanocomposites are successfully used for cell imaging with multiple and switchable colors on demand.What is more,the solid tablets of Au(Ⅰ)-BSA nanoparticles showed pressure-responsive luminescence and decent room temperature phosphorescence.This work provides an assembling-induced emission strategy for the design of water-soluble,non-cytotoxic,and color-tunable luminescent biomaterials based on the composite of protein and Au nanoparticles.
基金sponsored by Science and Technology Power Economy 2020 (2020YFF0426562-2).
文摘To address problems caused by rice machine transplanting such as injury to the seedlings and recovery period that extend growth period,this study explored the effects of different machine transplanting methods on the physiological and yield characteristics of late rice in China,and determine the appropriate machine transplanting method for late rice,which was expected to provide a basis for high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice.Hybrid indica rice Taiyou 398 and conventional indica rice Jing Gangruanzhan were selected as the research objects,and large-pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M1),conventional pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M2)and ordinary carpet seedling machine transplanting(M3)were adopted respectively to analyze their effects on seedling quality,population physiological characteristics,yield and its components and economic benefits of late rice.The results showed that compared with M2 and M3,M1 achieved higher seedling quality,showing significant advantages in the early stage despite average root entwining force that met the requirement of machine transplanting.The seedlings transplanted using M1 had shorter recovery period after mechanical transplanting,with earlier tillering,earlier peak seedling,and slower declining of stems and tillers in the late stage;the peak seedling number was not high,but the effective tiller number and earbearing tiller percentage were significantly higher than those achieved by the other two machine transplanting methods.Also,M1 achieved stronger photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves before HS,with more photosynthetic products in stems and leaves transported to panicles and more efficiently after HS.Compared with seedlings transplanted using M2 and M3,the recovery period of those transplanted using M1 was shortened by 3 and 5 d,the heading stage(HS),and maturity stage(MS)were advanced,which effectively reduced the risk and impact of“cold dew wind”on machine-transplanted late rice.M1 had significant yield increase advantage and economic benefit,with better grain maturity,and“larger panicles,more panicles,more and fuller grains”.M1 achieved an average yield increase of 10.31%-11.10%,20.67%-25.10%in 2 years,and an average income increase of 18.65%-131.06%and 62.85%-323.78%,respectively.Therefore,vigorously developing M1 is the key to the high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice in China.
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:32070840)Dong Zhang and(Grant No:81571403)+2 种基金Xiang Ma,Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No:YKK18112)Jing Sun,the Independent Project of State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine(Grant No:SKLRM-2021B6)Dong Zhang,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No:BK20201355)to Dong Zhang.
文摘Objective.Chronic stress(CS)-induced abnormal metabolism and other subsequent aspects of abnormality are threatening human health.Little is known regarding whether and how protein post-translational-modifications(PTMs)correlate with abnormal metabolism under CS.The aim of this study was to address this issue and also identify novel key protein PTM.Methods.First,we screened which pan-PTM had significant change between control and CS female mice and whether clinical CS females had similar pan-PTM change.Second,we performed quantitative PTM-omics and metabolomics to verify the correlation between abnormal protein PTMs and atypical metabolism.Third,we performed quantitative phospho-omics to identify the key PTM-regulating enzyme and investigate the interaction between PTM protein and PTM-regulating enzyme.Fourth,we attempted to rectify the abnormal metabolism by correcting the activity of the PTM-regulating enzyme.Finally,we examined whether the selected key protein was also correlated with stress scores and atypical metabolism in clinical women.Results.We initially found that multiple tissues of CS female mice have downregulated pan-crotonylation,and verified that the plasma of clinical CS females also had downregulated pan-crotonylation.Then we determined that ATP5O-K51 crotonylation decreased the most and also caused gross ATP5O decrement,whereas the plasma of CS mice had downregulated phospholipids.Next,downregulating ATP5O crotonylation partially recapitulated the downregulated phospholipid metabolism in CS mice.Next,we verified that HDAC2-S424 phosphorylation determined its decrotonylation activity on ATP5O-K51.Furthermore,correcting HDAC2 hyper-phosphorylation recovered the gross ATP5O level and partially rescued the downregulated phospholipid metabolism in CS mice.Finally,the ATP5O level was also significantly iower and correlated with high stress scores and downregulated phospholipid metabolism in clinical female plasma.Conclusion.This study discovered a novel PTM mechanism involving two distinct types of PTM in CS and provided a novel reference for the clinical precautions and treatments of CS.
基金Supported by School-Level Key Projects at Bengbu Medical College,No.2021byzd109。
文摘BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.AIM To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.METHODS PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)were identified as key genes for PBC.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes.Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software.The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated.Finally,a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.RESULTS We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA.These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and Th1,Th2,and Th17 cell differentiation.We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes(CD247,IL10,CCL5,CCL3,and STAT3)in PPI networks.These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC.However,inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.CONCLUSION Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment,thereby offering significant clinical utility.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11904350,12174362)+3 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2008085QA30)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929173815000)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08C044)the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(KY2060000177).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62022085,61831021)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22QA1410800)。
文摘There are urgent needs of volatile amine gas sensors with high-performance in food quality control,disease monitoring and environmental pollution.Thin-film fluorescent probe is suitable for amine vapour sensing due to its high sensitivity,high selectivity,and no polluting analyte.Herein,a novel fluorescent probe based on indacenodithiophene structure withπconjugated system was designed and synthesized.The experimental results show that the films prepared by this material exhibit rapid and distinct fluorescence quenching after being exposed to saturated vapours of primary amine,secondary amine and tertiary amine represented by n-propylamine,diethylamine and trimethylamine,respectively.The quenching of fluorescence is 84%,87%and 96%,respectively,within 10 s.The detection mechanism of probe for primary amine is based on specific chemical reaction,while the detection mechanism for secondary amine and tertiary amine is intramolecular charge transfer.Further experiments show that the detection limit of the fluorescent probe for trimethylamine,an important marker of food spoilage,could reach 4.610 ppt.On-site detection based on spoilage of small yellow croaker suggests the material possesses the potential for food freshness detection.This simple fluorogenic probe is an original approach to simplify real-time visual monitoring of volatile amine vapour.