伏诺拉生治疗胃食管反流病的研究进展

胃食管反流病是常见的消化道疾病,药物是主要的治疗手段.质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitors,PPIs)是治疗胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的经典药物,但并未完全满足临床需求.伏诺拉生(vonoprazan)是一种新型抑制胃酸分泌药物,可用于治疗GERD.本文旨在全面回顾有关伏诺拉生治疗GERD的临床疗效和安全性证据,以指导临床实践.

肝素类药物防治肝硬化静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展

当前证据提示肝硬化可能增加静脉血栓栓塞风险.肝硬化静脉血栓栓塞常见的类型包括门静脉血栓、深静脉血栓及肺栓塞.作为临床最常用的抗凝药物,肝素类药物是防治静脉血栓栓塞的重要手段.然而,肝硬化患者应用肝素类药物的适应症、药物种类、药物剂量及监测等问题尚无定论.本文对肝素类药物防治肝硬化静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展作一综述,为临床合理用药提供参考.

肝硬化患者自发性脾肾分流的研究进展

肝硬化是各种慢性肝病的终末阶段,常伴有门静脉高压.自发性脾肾分流(spontaneous splenorenal shunt,SSRS)指的是从脾静脉到肾静脉之间丰富并增粗的异常血管,其形成机制可能与先天存在的小血管扩张有关,也可能与新生血管有关.SSRS可有效降低门静脉压力,但也会减少入肝血流,其已被证实是导致肝移植术后肝脏血流灌注不足的重要原因之一;此外,SSRS导致血液中的有毒物质不能经肝脏充分代谢而直接进入体循环,进而增加肝性脑病的发生风险.目前,介入和外科手术是SSRS的主要治疗方法.

Evidence for the involvement of NGF in human sperm motility

Motility is an important physiological characteristic of a mature sperm. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key protein for the survival, maintenance and development of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75 are widely expressed in the testis, accessory reproductive organ, and the epididymal sperms. These observation have shifted the attention to the role of NGF on male reproductive physiology. In the present study, we found that NGF remarkably increased testicular coefficient in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress. Furthermore, we investigated the role of NGF on human sperm motility in vitro by CASA. The results showed that the parameters of sperm motility after NGF treatment had significantly increased, the means of VAP, VSL, VCL, BCF and LIN were significantly increased 32% than those of NGF absence, the means of MAD, STR, ALH and WOB had no notable difference. In addition, NGF promotes the sperm motility in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that NGF plays a promoted role in sperm motility.

Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mechanism of an As-Extruded Mg-11wt%Y Alloy at Elevated Temperature

Through carrying out the high-temperature tensile experiments on an as-extruded Mg-11wt%Y alloy at 350℃,400℃,450℃,500℃and 550℃,the mechanical behavior and fracture mechanisms at elevated temperatures are investigated and compared.Tensile results show that with the increase of temperature,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy increase at first and then decrease,while that the elongation ratio decreases firstly and then increases.For the sample being tested at 350℃,the values of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and the elongation ratio are 188 MPa,266 MPa and 11%,respectively.At 400℃,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength reach the maximum values of,respectively,198 MPa and 277 MPa,but the elongation ratio is the lowest and its value is only 8%.When the applied temperature is increased to 550℃,the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength,respectively,decrease to 140 MPa and 192 MPa and the elongation ratio increases to 38%.Failure analysis demonstrates that the fracture surfaces of different samples are mainly composed of plastic dimples and exhibit the typical characteristic of ductile fracture.The observation to the fracture side surfaces indicates that at the temperatures of 350℃and 400℃,microcracks mainly initiate in the interior of Mg_(24)Y_(5)particles.When the temperatures are 450℃,500℃and 550℃,the cracks preferentially initiate at the Mg_(24)Y_(5)/α-Mg interfaces.

Effect of phosphate conversion film on fatigue and corrosion fatigue behavior of an as-rolled Mg–3.08Zn–0.83Al(in wt.%)alloy

Through investigating and comparing the fatigue behavior of an as-rolled Mg–3.08Zn–0.83Al(in wt.%)alloy performing surface phosphate conversion film treatment,it revealed that the determined fatigue strength of surface treated samples at 106 cycles in air was 65 MPa,whereas the fatigue strength was only 35 MPa when tested in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.Failure analysis demonstrated that in air,the fatigue crack initiation was mainly dominated by the interaction between the retarding effect of phosphate conversion film on cyclic slips occurring in the underneath substrate.When the matrix cannot endure the accumulated stress concentration due to the irreversibility of cyclic slips,the fatigue crack will preferentially initiate at sample subsurface.Since the phosphate conversion film cracked easily under the cyclic loading and lost its protectiveness on the substrate in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,fatigue cracks were preferentially nucleated at the localized corrosion pits.

Off-farm income promotes energy transition in the Pan-Third Pole cross-national region

The Pan-Third Pole region comprises multiple nations affected by climate vulnerability and energy inequality,wherein promoting energy transitions in rural households would provide a path to combat climate change.Identifying the factors that drive rural household energy consumption and the transition is important.This study performed a micro-survey of 1060 rural households in five countries in the Pan-Third Pole region and empirically analyzed the relationships between off-farm income,energy consumption,and energy transitions.The off-farm income of rural households was found to have a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on energy expenditure,indicating that energy expenditure increased with increasing off-farm income.Off-farm income has a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on the proportion of commercial energy but a significantly negative effect on the proportion of noncommercial energy.These results indicate that increasing off-farm income can adjust the energy consumption structure of rural households.Furthermore,a robustness check by substituting independent variables,instrumental variable method(IV),and propensity score matching method(PSM)provided strong evidence to prove the robustness of the results.The heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of off-farm income on energy expenditure and transitions differed among countries,off-farm income had no significant impact on energy expenditure in Cambodia and Myanmar,but it worked for China,Nepal,and Thailand.Finally,policy implications are proposed to promote energy transition in the Pan-Third pole region:providing more full-time or part-time off-farm employment opportunities,employment assistance or skill training by local governments;increasing the pace of infrastructure construction to solve energy inaccessibility;multiple measures to promote the education and environmental knowledge.