A comparative study on radiation reliability of composite channel InP high electron mobility transistors

This paper proposes a reasonable radiation-resistant composite channel structure for In P HEMTs.The simulation results show that the composite channel structure has excellent electrical properties due to increased modulation doping efficiency and carrier confinement.Moreover,the direct current(DC)and radio frequency(RF)characteristics and their reliability between the single channel structure and the composite channel structure after 75-ke V proton irradiation are compared in detail.The results show that the composite channel structure has excellent radiation tolerance.Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the composite channel structure weakens the carrier removal effect.This phenomenon can account for the increase of native carrier and the decrease of defect capture rate.

Prognostic factors for patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma:A case series of 68 patients

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is the second most common primary liver cancer in humans after hepatocellular carcinoma and a rare epithelial malignancy that results in a poor prognosis.According to the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan classification,ICC can be divided into three types:Mass-forming(MF)type,periductal-infiltrating(PI)type,and intraductal-growth type.The MF type is the most common,accounting for 57.1-83.6%of ICCs.Nevertheless,little is known about the epidemiology and treatment of MF ICC.AIM To examine the prognostic factors for patients with MF ICC.METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with MF ICC treated at the Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2008 and December 2018.According to the treatment received,the patients were divided into either a resection group or an exploration group.RESULTS The pooled 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates in the 68 patients with MF ICC were 66.5%,36.3%,and 9.3%,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that surgical resection(P<0.001),nodal metastasis(P<0.001),tumor location(P=0.039),vascular invasion(P<0.001),ascites(P<0.001),and differentiation(P=0.009)were significantly associated with the prognosis and survival of MF ICC.Multivariate analysis revealed that ascites(hazard ratio[HR]=5.6,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.6-18.9,P=0.006)and vascular invasion(HR=2.5,95%CI:1.0-6.1,P=0.045)were independent risk factors for MF ICC.The pooled 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates in the 19 patients of the exploration group were 5.3%,5.3%,and 0,respectively.Among the 49 patients who underwent surgical resection,the pooled 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 93.5%,49.7%,and 14.4%,respectively.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that vascular invasion(HR=3.1,95%CI:1.2-8.5,P=0.024)and nodal metastasis(HR=3.2,95%CI:1.4-7.6,P=0.008)were independent prognostic risk factors for surgical resection patients.CONCLUSION The prognosis of MF ICC patients is dismal,especially those with ascites or vascular invasion.Surgical resection is a key factor in improving overall survival in patients with MF ICC,and vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis affect the efficacy of surgical resection.

Feasibility and safety of “bridging” pancreaticogastrostomy for pancreatic trauma in Landrace pigs

BACKGROUND In recent years,we created and employed a new anastomosis method,“bridging”pancreaticogastrostomy,to treat patients with extremely severe pancreatic injury.This surgery has advantages such as short length of surgery,low secondary trauma,rapid construction of shunts for pancreatic fluid,preventing second surgeries,and achieving good treatment outcomes in clinical practice.However,due to the limited number of clinical cases,there is a lack of strong evidence to support the feasibility and safety of this surgical procedure.Therefore,we carried out animal experiments to examine this procedure,which is reported here.AIM To examine the feasibility and safety of a new rapid method of pancreaticogastrostomy,“bridging”pancreaticogastrostomy.METHODS Ten Landrace pigs were randomized into the experimental and control groups,with five pigs in each group.“Bridging”pancreaticogastrostomy was performed in the experimental group,while routine mucosa-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy was performed in the control group.After surgery,the general condition,amylase levels in drainage fluid on Days 1,3,5,and 7,fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose 6 mo after surgery,fasting,2-h postprandial peripheral blood insulin,and portal vein blood insulin 6 mo after surgery were assessed.Resurgery was carried out at 1 and 6 mo after the former one to examine the condition of the abdominal cavity and firmness and tightness of the pancreaticogastric anastomosis and pancreas.RESULTS After surgery,the general condition of the animals was good.One in the control group did not gain weight 6 mo after surgery,whereas significant weight gain was present in the others.There were significant differences on Days 1 and 3 after surgery between the two groups but no differences on Days 5 and 7.There were no differences in fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose and fasting and 2-h insulin values of postprandial peripheral blood and portal vein blood 6 mo after surgery between the two groups.One month after surgery,the sinus tract orifice/anastomosis was patent in the two groups.Six months after surgery,the sinus tract orifice/anastomosis was sealed,and pancreases in both groups presented with chronic pancreatitis.CONCLUSION“Bridging”pancreaticogastrostomy is a feasible and safe a means of damage control surgery during the early stage of pancreatic injury.