Review of photoinduced effect in manganite films and their heterostructures

Light–matter interaction plays an important role in the non-equilibrium physics, especially in strongly correlated electron systems with complex phases. Photoinduced effect can cause the variation in the physical properties and produce some emergent phases. As a classical archetype, manganites have received much attention due to their colossal magnetoresistance（CMR） effect and the strong interaction of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this paper, we give an overview of photoinduced effect in manganites and their heterostructures. In particular, some materials, including ZnO, Si,BiFeO3（BFO）, titanate-based oxides, and 0.7 Pb（Mg（1/3） Nb（2/3））O3-0.3 PbTiO3（PMN-PT） have been integrated with manganites. Heterostructures composed of these materials display some exciting and intriguing properties. We do hope that this review offers a guiding idea and more meaningful physical phenomena will be discovered in active areas of solid state physics and materials science.

Clinical Significance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Exposure During Esophagogastric Anastomosis of the Neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value in a comparison between intraoperative exposure and non-exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） of the neck during left neck esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of carcinomas of the middle and inferior-segment esophagus. METHODS From January 2003 to April 2009, 237 patients were selected to undergo resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma via posteroexternal incision of the left chest plus gastroesophageal anastomosis at the left neck incision. The 237 cases were divided into 2 groups： 115 of the total cases were in group A （the study group）, cases of resections with neck RLN exposure. Of the patients in this group, 64 were male and 51 female, with a mean age of 49 ranging from 31 to 73 years. Another 122 cases were in group B （the control group）, cases of resections without neck RLN exposure. In this group, 51 of the patients were male and 71 female, with a mean age of 45 ranging from 33 to 75 years. In the 2 groups, there were 9 cases in total with symptoms induced by RLN injury. RESULTS Hoarseness, choking cough when drinking, and difficult expectoration were found in 1 of the cases （1/115） in group A （0.087%）, while there were 8 cases （8/122） presenting with these symptoms in group B （6.5%）. There is statistical signi.cance in the di.erences of RLN injury between the 2 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION Analysis of study cases of esophageal carcinoma resection with left-neck esophagogastric anastomosis in the 2 groups indicated that the exposure of the RLN in group A resulted in an obviously lower rate of neck RLN injury after the surgery, compared to group B, where the RLN was not exposed. Exposure can lead to the avoidance of complications induced by RLN injury, such as dysarthria and choking cough when eating. As a result, satisfactory expectoration, which would diminish the incidence of pulmonary complications, can be reached allowing the patients to recover as early as possible. The results of our study suggest that the exposure of the RLN during the left -neck esophagogastric anastomosis has signi.cant clinical value, and that this approach can be recommended with con.dence.