铝中小空位团簇稳定性的第一性原理研究

空位团簇是铝合金中最常见的缺陷之一。利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究铝中孔洞、层错四面体(SFT)和{111}平面上的空位板等小空位团簇的能量学,发现文献报道的单空位形成能的显著差异主要与它们所使用的交换相关泛函数有关,LDA是Al中单空位形成能最可靠的近似,其次是PBE、PBEsol、PW91和AM05。本文结果证实Al中的双空位在能量上是不稳定的。此外,任何结构中小于5的空位团簇相对于相应数量的孤立单空位都是不稳定的。SFT是大多数小空位团簇中最稳定的结构,其次是孔洞和空位板。这些结果有助于理解实验观测到的铝中空位团簇的尺寸分布。

First-principles studies on carbon diffusion in tungsten

The carbon diffusivity in tungsten is one fundamental and essential factor in the application of tungsten as plasmafacing materials for fusion reactors and substrates for diamond growth. However, data on this are quite scarce and largely scattered. We perform a series of first-principles calculations to predict the diffusion parameters of carbon in tungsten,and evaluate the effect of temperature on them by introducing lattice expansion and phonon vibration. The carbon atom prefers to occupy octahedral interstitial site rather than tetrahedral interstitial site, and the minimum energy path for its diffusion goes through a tetrahedral site. The temperature has little effect on the pre-exponential factor but a marked effect on the activation energy, which linearly increases with the temperature. Our predicted results are well consistent with the experimental data obtained at high temperature(>1800 K) but significantly larger than the experimental results at low temperature(<1800 K).

First-principles calculations of solute–vacancy interactions in aluminum

The interactions of solute atoms with vacancies play a key role in diffusion and precipitation of alloying elements,ultimately influencing the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.In this study,first-principles calculations are systematically performed to quantify the solute–vacancy interactions for the 3d–4p series and the 4d–5p series.The solute–vacancy interaction gradually transforms from repulsion to attraction from left to right.The solute–vacancy binding energy is sensitive to the supercell size for elements at the beginning.These behaviors of the solute–vacancy binding energy can be understood in terms of the combination and competition between the elastic and electronic interactions.Overall,the electronic binding energy follows a similar trend to the total binding energy and plays a major role in the solute–vacancy interactions.

New developments in control design techniques of logical control networks

The control design problem plays a fundamental role in the study of logical control networks(LCNs).This paper presents a detailed survey on new developments in control design techniques of LCNs.First,some preliminary results on the semi-tensor product method and LCNs are reviewed.Then,we move on to some new developments for control design techniques of LCNs,including the reachable set approach,the pinning control technique,the control Lyapunov function approach,the event-triggered control technique,and the sampled-data control technique.Finally,an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques.

First-principles study of substitutional solute and carbon interactions in tungsten

Interstitial carbon and substitutional transition metal(TM)solutes are common impurities in tungsten and tungsten alloys.Yet,despite its important role in affecting mechanical and irradiation performances of tungsten,the interplay between these impurities remains largely unknown.In this work,we performed systematic first-principles simulations to study the interaction between carbon and TM solutes.By calculating related binding energies,we found that interplay between carbon and TM solutes is dominated by elastic interactions,with carbon generally showing attractions to TM solutes.Further,including vacancies in our calculation,we found that all solute-vacancy-carbon complexes are energetically stable with respect to associated point defects.Additional analysis shows that vacancy-carbon binding is generally weakened by TM solutes,while carbon also in turn reduces the binding energy between vacancy and TM solutes.Based on these binding energy results,we,respectively,evaluated the effect of solute and carbon on each other’s diffusion behaviors.We found that Cr and V slightly decrease the carbon diffusivity while other commonly seen TM solutes show little impacts on carbon diffusion,and we also expect carbon to slow down vacancy-mediated TM solute diffusion in tungsten.