Interface optimization and defects suppression via Na F introduction enable efficient flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin-film solar cells

Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photovoltaic devices is temporarily limited by the complicated intrinsic defects and the undesirable contact interfaces.Herein,a high-quality Sb_(2)Se_(3) absorber layer with large crystal grains and benign [hkl] growth orientation can be first prepared on a Mo foil substrate.Then NaF intermediate layer is introduced between Mo and Sb_(2)Se_(3),which can further optimize the growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)thin film.Moreover,positive Na ion diffusion enables it to dramatically lower barrier height at the back contact interface and passivate harmful defects at both bulk and heterojunction.As a result,the champion substrate structured Mo-foil/Mo/NaF/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS/ITO/Ag flexible thin-film solar cell delivers an obviously higher efficiency of 8.03% and a record open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.492 V.This flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device also exhibits excellent stability and flexibility to stand large bending radius and multiple bending times,as well as superior weak light photo-response with derived efficiency of 12.60%.This work presents an effective strategy to enhance the flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device performance and expand its potential photovoltaic applications.

Evaluating the effect of moisturizers containing endogenous lipids on skin barrier properties

Lipids in stratum corneum are largely responsible for skin barrier function.There have been numerous studies on skin barrier repairing and moisturizing effects of products containing occlusives,emollients and humectants.However,currently there are few studies systematically evaluating effect of moisturizers containing endogenous lipids on skin barrier properties.The objective of this study was to study the effect of products containing endogenous lipids on various barrier-related indicators.A total 89 subjects with dry skin were enrolled.To evaluate the effect of the test products on skin barrier function and hydration after 28 days of use on the face,this study combined clinical assessments of skin condition(skin redness,global appearance of dry line,skin roughness and radiance),instrumental assessments(transepidermal water loss,skin hydration and scaliness)and photo tracking(VISIA-CR,VC20 and 3D in-vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscope).Adverse reactions were also assessed.All test products showed significant improvement in all the attributes assessed by both clinical assessments and instrumental assessments after 28 days of treatment.In addition,the products containing skinidentical ceramides and niacinamide show improvement on TEWL and skin hydration.Two products containing exogenous lipids can improve skin hydration and barrier function which have demonstrated efficacy in improving dry skin condition.

新型远红外Ge-Ga-Te-KBr硫系玻璃性能研究

用传统的熔融淬冷法制备了远红外Te基硫系玻璃(Ge15Ga10Te75)100-x(KBr)x(x=2、4、6、8mol%).利用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪等设备测试玻璃的结构和物化性质,分析了引入KBr对Te玻璃的结构、化学和物理热稳定性等方面的影响;利用分光光度计、红外光谱仪等光学方法研究了该类Te玻璃的光谱性质,分析了KBr对该类玻璃的短波吸收和红外透过光谱的影响;利用Tauc方程估算了玻璃样品直接和间接的光学带隙.实验结果表明:随着KBr含量的增加,玻璃的短波截止边发生红移,而红外截止边基本没有发生变化,该组玻璃始终保持较宽的红外透过范围.

Over 12%efficient kesterite solar cell via back interface engineering

Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)has attracted considerable attention as a non-toxic and earthabundant solar cell material.During selenization of CZTSSe film at high temperature,the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo is one of the main reasons that result in unfavorable absorber and interface quality,which leads to large open circuit voltage deficit(VOC-def)and low fill factor(FF).Herein,a WO_(3)intermediate layer introduced at the back interface can effectually inhibit the unfavorable interface reaction between absorber and back electrode in the preliminary selenization progress;thus high-quality crystals are obtained.Through this back interface engineering,the traditional problems of phase segregation,voids in the absorber and over thick Mo(S,Se)_(2)at the back interface can be well solved,which greatly lessens the recombination in the bulk and at the interface.The increased minority carrier diffusion length,decreased barrier height at back interface contact and reduced deep acceptor defects give rise to systematic improvement in VOCand FF,finally a 12.66%conversion efficiency for CZTSSe solar cell has been achieved.This work provides a simple way to fabricate highly efficient solar cells and promotes a deeper understanding of the function of intermediate layer at back interface in kesterite-based solar cells.

3D porous V2O5 architectures for high-rate lithium storage

The discovery of novel electrode materials promises to unleash a number of technological advances in lithium-ion batteries.V2O5 is recognized as a high-performance cathode that capitalizes on the rich redox chemistry of vanadium to store lithium.To unlock the full potential of V2O5,nanotechnology solution and rational electrode design are used to imbue V2O5 with high energy and power density by addressing some of their intrinsic disadvantages in macroscopic crystal form.Here,we demonstrate a facile and environmental-friendly method to prepare nanorods-constructed 3D porous V2O5 architectures(3 D-V2O5)in large-scale.The 3D porous architecture is found to be responsible for the enhanced charge transfer kinetics and Li-ion diffusion rate of the 3D-V2O5 electrode.As the result,the 3D-V2O5 surpasses the conventional bulk V2O5 by showing enhanced discharge capacity and rate capability(delivering 154 and 127 m Ah g^-1 at 15 and 20 C,respectively).

Gallium-based anodes for alkali metal ion batteries

Alkali metal ion batteries(AMIBs)are playing an irreplaceable part in the energy revolution,due to their intrinsic advantages of large capacity/power density and abundance of alkali metal ions in the earth’s crust.Despite their great promise,the inborn deficiencies of commercial graphite and other anodes being researched so far call for the quest of better alternatives that exhibit all-round performance with the balance of energy/power density and cycling stability.Gallium-based materials,with impressive capacity utilization and self-healing ability,provide an anticipated solution to this conundrum.In this review,an overview on the recent progress of gallium-based anodes and their storage mechanism is presented.The current strategies used as engineering solutions to meet the scientific challenges ahead are discussed,in addition to the insightful outlook for possible future study.

The latest advances of experimental research on targeted gene therapy for prostate cancer

The absence of effective therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) establishes the need to develop novel therapeutic modality, such as targeted gene therapy, which is ideal for the treatment of CRPC. But its application has been limited due to lack of favorable gene vector and the reduction of "bystander effect". Consequently, scientists all over the world focus their main experimental research on the following four aspects: targeted gene, vector, transfer means and comprehensive therapy. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances of experimental research on targeted gene therapy for prostate cancer.

Serum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for metastatic prostate cancer

Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.

Back contact interfacial modification mechanism in highly-efficient antimony selenide thin-film solar cells

Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a potential photovoltaic(PV)material for next-generation solar cells and has achieved great development in the last several years.The properties of Sb_(2)Se_(3)absorber and back contact influence the PV performances of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.Hence,optimization of back contact characteristics and absorber orientation are crucial steps in raising the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.In this work,MoO2was introduced as an intermediate layer(IL)in Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells,and comparative investigations were conducted.The growth of(211)-oriented Sb_(2)Se_(3)with large grains was facilitated by introducing the MoO2IL with suitable thickness.The MoO2IL substantially lowered the back contact barrier and prevented the formation of voids at the back contact,which reduced the thickness of the MoSe2interface layer,inhibited carrier recombination,and minimized bulk and interfacial defects in devices.Subsequently,significant optimization enhanced the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of solar cells from 0.481 V to 0.487 V,short-circuit current density(JSC)from 23.81 m A/cm^(2)to 29.29 m A/cm^(2),and fill factor from 50.28%to 57.10%,which boosted the PCE from 5.75%to 8.14%.

Designing metal sulfide-based cathodes and separators for suppressing polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,known for their high energy density,are attracting extensive research interest as a promising next-generation energy storage technology.However,their widespread use has been hampered by certain issues,including the dissolution and migration of polysulfides,along with sluggish redox kinetics.Metal sulfides present a promising solution to these obstacles regarding their high electrical conductivity,strong chemical adsorption with polysulfides,and remarkable electrocatalytic capabilities for polysulfide conversion.In this review,the recent progress on the utilization of metal sulfide for suppressing polysulfide shuttling in Li-S batteries is systematically summarized,with a special focus on sulfur hosts and functional separators.The critical roles of metal sulfides in realizing high-performing Li-S batteries have been comprehensively discussed by correlating the materials’structure and electrochemical performances.Moreover,the remaining issues/challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.By offering a detailed understanding of the crucial roles of metal sulfides,this review dedicates to contributing valuable knowledge for the pursuit of high-efficiency Li-S batteries based on metal sulfides.

铜锌锡硫基薄膜太阳电池研究进展

光伏技术为日益增长的能源需求提供了一种可持续的解决方案.如今,各种高性能太阳电池层出不穷,由无机材料制成的薄膜太阳电池已成为太阳电池的主要类别之一,在快速发展的光伏市场显示出巨大潜力.地球上储量丰富且环境友好的锌黄锡矿Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)被认为是极具可能取代Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)和CdTe的新一代光伏材料.CZTSSe光伏器件在过去几年中取得了显著的进步,最高效率达到14.9%,但仍远低于CIGS(23.6%)和CdTe(22.1%).不理想的前后界面是填充因子难以提高的主要原因之一.背界面处较厚的Mo(S,Se)2层会导致载流子传输势垒并对吸收层的晶体质量产生负面影响;高密度的界面缺陷、不利的能带匹配以及跨界面的结构不均匀性是导致异质结界面复合的主要因素.同时,CZTSSe作为最复杂的化合物半导体之一,其缺陷化学性质比CIGS和CdTe更为复杂,深能级固有缺陷作为复合中心,导致较短的载流子寿命,大量缺陷簇引入了相当大的电位波动.由于低的填充因子和大的开路电压亏损,目前CZTSSe基太阳电池的性能停滞不前.本文关注于界面工程、阳离子取代、硒化热处理及后退火等使CZTSSe基器件效率逐步提高的工艺,综述了近年来提升CZTSSe基光伏器件性能的最先进策略及其作用机制,并对本领域未来的发展进行了展望.

Thermal and luminescent properties of 2 μm emission in thulium-sensitized holmium-doped silicate-germanate glass

In this paper, we present the luminescent properties of Tm^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)co-doped new glass. A series of silicategermanate glass was prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. In the Tm^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)co-doped silicategermanate glass, a strong emission of 2 μm originating from the Ho^(3+):~5I_7→~5I_8transition can be observed under conventional 808 nm pumping. The characteristic temperatures, structure, and absorption spectra have been measured. The radiative properties of Ho^(3+)in the prepared glass were calculated. The emission cross section of Ho^(3+)ions transition can reach 4.78 × 10^(-21)cm^2 around 2 μm, and the FWHM is as high as 153 nm. The energy transfer efficiency between Ho^(3+)and Tm^(3+)has a large value(52%), which indicates the Tm^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)co-doped silicategermanate glass is a suitable candidate for the 2 μm laser. Moreover, the energy transfer mechanism between Tm^(3+)and Ho^(3+)ions was investigated.

Mesoporous carbon nanosheet-assembled flowers towards superior potassium storage

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are attracted tremendous interest for large-scale energy storage systems(ESSs)owing to their economic merits.However,the main challenges of the PIBs are sluggish K-ion diffusion and large volume variations in the potassium repeated intercalation/deintercalation.Herein,mesoporous carbon nanosheet-assembled flowers(abbreviated as F-C)are designed as an original anode for superior-performance PIBs.Specifically,the F-C anode exhibits a high K-storage capacity(e.g.,381 mAh/g at 50 mA/g during the 2^(nd)cycle),excellent rate performance(e.g.,101 mAh/g at 2.0 A/g)and superior long cycle capability.Such excellent K-ion storage property is largely benefited from the large surface area(~141 m^(2)/g)and reasonable pore volume(0.465 cm^(3)/g),which not only stimulates rapid Kions diffusion and relieves the huge volume strain,but also exposes extensive active sites for K-ion capacitive storage.

Sunlight activated ultra-stable long persistent luminescence glass ceramic for outdoor information display

Natural sunlight activated persistent luminescence(PeL)is ideal candidate for optical information display in outdoors without the requirement of electric supply.Except the brightness and duration,the stability especially water resistance of the PeL materials is of significant importance for practical application,which remains a great obstacle up to date.Herein,we report a new sunlight activated PeL glass ceramic containing hexagonal Sr_(13)Al_(22)Si_(10)O_(66):Eu^(2+)crystals,which exhibits strong blue PeL and can last more than 200 h.The PeL can be charged by the full wavelengths located in AM 1.5G due to the broad distribution of traps in the crystal structure.The PeL is clearly observed by the naked eye even after 24 h upon sunlight irradiation irrespective of the weather,and the photoluminescence intensity only decreased~3.3%after storing in water for 365 d.We demonstrate its potential application for thermal and stress responsive display as well as long-term continuous security indication upon sunlight irradiation,which not only save vast energy and reduce environment pollution,but also are appropriate for outdoor usage.

CsCl Effected Ultrafast Third-order Optical Nonlinearities of GeS_2-Sb_2S_3 Chalcogenide Glasses

A series of alkali halide doped chalcohalide glasses （100-x）（0.9GeS2-0.1Sb2S3）-xCsCl （x=5, 10, 15 and 20 mole fraction） were prepared. The absorption spectra and Raman scatting spectra of these glasses were measured. The optical band gaps Eopt were obtained from ultraviolet absorption edges. Z-scan technique was utilized to investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of GeS2-Sb2S3-CsCl glasses. The value of Eopt increases and the third-order optical nonlinearity decreases with increasing CsCl content. Decreasing lone-pair electron and broadening the band-gap will provide less transition paths for nonlinear process, which play a key role in ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical responses of these chalcohalide glasses.

Novel ultra-wideband fluorescence material:Defect state control based on nickel-doped semiconductor QDs embedded in inorganic glasses

In recent years,the development of an environmentally friendly quantum dots(QDs)embedded luminous solid by a simple method has attracted considerable attention.In this study,semiconductor ZnS QDs were successfully prepared in an inorganic matrix of amorphous glass,which yielded beneficial broadband emission in the long-wavelength region of the visible range.The strong red emission belonged to the defect state energy level of the ZnS QDs,which could be enhanced by incorporation of nickel ions into the fixed matrix to regulate the defects state.The novel material had a small self-absorption,wide excitation and emission ranges,and thus potential applications in light-conversion devices,luminescent solar concentrators,and solar cell cover glasses.

Ion doping simultaneously increased the carrier density and modified the conduction type of Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin films towards quasi-homojunction solar cell

Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))has drawn tremendous research attentions in recent years as an environment-friendly and cost-efficient photovoltaic material.However,the intrinsic low carrier density and electrical conductivity limited its scope of applications.In this work,an effective ion doping strategy was implemented to improve the electrical and photoelectrical performances of Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin films.The Sn-doped and I-doped Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin films with controllable chemical composition can be prepared by magnetron sputtering combined with post-selenization treatment based on homemade plasma sintered targets.As a result,the Sn-doped Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin film exhibited a great increase in carrier density by several orders of magnitude,by contrast,a less increase with one order of magnitude was achieved for the Idoped Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin film.Additionally,such cation or anion doping could simultaneously modify the conduction type of Sb_(2)Se_(3),enabling the first fabrication of a substrate structured Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based quasihomojunction thin film solar cell with configuration of Mo/Sb_(2)Se_(3)-Sn/Sb_(2)Se_(3)-I/ITO/Ag.The obtained power conversion efficiency exceeding 2%undoubtedly demonstrated its attractive photovoltaic application potential and further investigation necessity.