Residual Feature Attentional Fusion Network for Lightweight Chest CT Image Super-Resolution

The diagnosis of COVID-19 requires chest computed tomography(CT).High-resolution CT images can provide more diagnostic information to help doctors better diagnose the disease,so it is of clinical importance to study super-resolution(SR)algorithms applied to CT images to improve the reso-lution of CT images.However,most of the existing SR algorithms are studied based on natural images,which are not suitable for medical images;and most of these algorithms improve the reconstruction quality by increasing the network depth,which is not suitable for machines with limited resources.To alleviate these issues,we propose a residual feature attentional fusion network for lightweight chest CT image super-resolution(RFAFN).Specifically,we design a contextual feature extraction block(CFEB)that can extract CT image features more efficiently and accurately than ordinary residual blocks.In addition,we propose a feature-weighted cascading strategy(FWCS)based on attentional feature fusion blocks(AFFB)to utilize the high-frequency detail information extracted by CFEB as much as possible via selectively fusing adjacent level feature information.Finally,we suggest a global hierarchical feature fusion strategy(GHFFS),which can utilize the hierarchical features more effectively than dense concatenation by progressively aggregating the feature information at various levels.Numerous experiments show that our method performs better than most of the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods on the COVID-19 chest CT dataset.In detail,the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)is 0.11 dB and 0.47 dB higher on CTtest1 and CTtest2 at×3 SR compared to the suboptimal method,but the number of parameters and multi-adds are reduced by 22K and 0.43G,respectively.Our method can better recover chest CT image quality with fewer computational resources and effectively assist in COVID-19.

糖皮质激素诱导移植耐受的免疫细胞调控效应及机制

糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid;GC)是强有效的甾体类抗炎药和免疫抑制剂,在重症感染、休克、自身免疫病和器官移植等疾病中广泛应用。在器官移植领域GC一直发挥着基础性作用,它是器官移植围手术期免疫诱导必不可少的药物,是经典免疫抑制维持三联方案的重要组成部分,也是治疗急性排斥的首选用药。其作用广泛,能调节代谢、细胞发育和分化;作用机制复杂,不仅有经典的细胞核糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor;GCR)信号通路调节DNA的转录,还有其他多种快速作用机制调节细胞功能。本文对GC诱导移植免疫耐受的免疫细胞学调控效应及其机制做以简要综述。

High-Performance Na-Ion Storage of S-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Conjugated Microporous Polymers

Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the high abundance and low cost of Na.It is well known that S doping can improve the electrochemical performance of carbon materials for NIBs.However,the current methods for S doping in carbons normally involve toxic precursors or rigorous conditions.In this work,we report a creative and facile strategy for preparing S-doped porous carbons(SCs)via the pyrolysis of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs).Briefly,thiophene-based CMPs served as the precursors and doping sources simultaneously.Simple direct carbonization of CMPs produced S-doped carbon materials with highly porous structures.When used as an anode for NIBs,the SCs exhibited a high reversible capacity of 440 mAh g?1 at 50 mA g?1 after 100 cycles,superior rate capability,and excellent cycling stability(297 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g?1),outperforming most S-doped carbon materials reported thus far.The excellent performance of the SCs is attributed to the expanded lattice distance after S doping.Furthermore,we employed ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the SCs during sodiation-desodiation,which can highlight the role of doped S for Na-ion storage.

一个新的胃癌预后记分(英文)

Objective:The lack of a simple criterion for gastric carcinoma creates a persistent challenge for clinicians trying to provide patients with useful prognostic information.The aim of this study was to identify baseline prognostic factors,and use this information to establish a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma.Methods:Between 2005 and 2010, 155 patients with gastric carcinoma,were enrolled.Clinicopathologic prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Of the 155 patients,48(30.9%)died.Three independent poor prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis:gross type>or=3(hazard ratio[HR],1.564;95%CI,1.067 to 2.294),peritoneal dissemination (HR,3.750;95%CI,1.760 to 7.989)and lymphatic duct invasion(HR,3.578;95%CI,1.422 to 9.004).One point was added for each category among three independent prognostic factors.Prognostic score(PS)was determined by an aggregate of these points for each category.There existed a significant difference between survival of patients with PS 0 or 1 and 2(P< 0.0001).Conclusion:Three poor prognostic factors were identified and a simple criteria was devised.Information from this analysis can be used to predict prognosis of gastric carcinoma with a strict stratification.

不能切除肝癌长期生存患者的临床分析(英文)

Objective:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term results with multimodality therapy, and to clarify the clinicopathologic of features of patients surviving ≥ 3 years for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:Between 1999 and 2003, a total of 166 patients underwent multimodality therapy for unresectable HCC.All patients underwent multimodality therapy, such as transarterial chemoembolization(TACE), chemotherapy, local ablative therapy, and/ or Chinese traditional medicine.Thirty-nine(23.5%) patients survival ≥ 1 years, and 10(6.0%) patients survived ≥ 3 years.These 39 patients surviving over 1 year were investigated in this study.Eighteen clinical and biologic variables were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:TNM staging and tumor extension were isolated by univariate analysis.Only tumor extension was independent risk factors by multiple regression analysis.Of these, 25.6%(10 of 39) survived over 3 years.These 10 patients surviving over 3 years were investigated further.By the end of June 2004, follow-up varied from 3 years and 2 months to 5 years and 1 month.Six patients were still alive with free of disease.Conclusion:Tumor extension was demonstrated to be prognostic of long-term survivors.Multimodality therapy may make a major contribution to achieving long-term survival in patients with unresectable HCC.

Terahertz polarization sensing,chirality enhancement,and specific binding based on metasurface sensors for biochemical detection:a review[Invited]

Specific and highly-sensitive biochemical detection technology is particularly important in global epidemics and has critical applications in life science,medical diagnosis,and pharmaceutics.As a newly developed technology,the THz metamaterialbased sensing method is a promising technique for extremely sensitive biomolecular detection.However,due to the significant resonant peaks generated by THz metamaterials,the characteristic absorption peaks of the analyte are usually masked,making it difficult to distinguish enantiomers and specifically identify target biomolecules.Recently,new ways to overcome this limitation have become possible thanks to the emergence of chiral metasurfaces and the polarization sensing method.Additionally,functionalized metasurfaces modified by antibodies or other nanomaterials are also expected to achieve specific sensing with high sensitivity.In this review,we summarize the main advances in THz metamaterials-based sensing from a historical perspective as well as application in chiral recognition and specific detection.Specifically,we introduce the basic theory and key technology of THz polarization spectrum and chiral sensing for biochemical detection,and immune sensing based on biomolecular interaction is also discussed.We mainly focus on chiral recognition and specific sensing using THz metasurface sensors to cover the most recent advances in the topic,which is expected to break through the limitations of traditional THz absorption spectroscopy and chiral spectroscopy in the visible-infrared band and develop into an irreplaceable method for the characterization of biochemical substances.

The acceleration degradation processes of different aged refuses with the forced aeration for landfill reclamation

Forced aeration is one of the promising ways to accelerate landfill reclamation,and understanding the relation between aeration rates and waste properties is the prerequisite to implementing forced aeration under the target of energy saving and carbon reduction.In this work,landfill reclamation processes with forced aeration were simulated using aged refuses(ARs)of 1,4,7,10,and 13 disposal years,and the potential of field application was also investigated based on a field project,to identify the degradation rate of organic components,the O_(2)consumption efficiency and their correlations to microbes.It was found that the removal rate of organic matter declined from 20.3%(AR_(1))to 12.6%(AR_(13)),and that biodegradable matter(BDM)decreased from 5.2%to 2.4%at the set aeration rate of 0.12 L O_(2)/kg waste(Dry Matter,DM)/day.A linear relationship between the degradation rate constant(K)of BDM and disposal age(x)was established:K=−0.0002193x+0.0091(R^(2)=0.854),suggesting that BDM might be a suitable indicator to reflect the stabilization of ARs.The cellulose/lignin ratio decrease rate for AR1(18.3%)was much higher than that for AR13(3.1%),while the corresponding humic-acid/fulvic-acid ratio increased from 1.44 to 2.16.The dominant bacteria shifted from Corynebacterium(9.2%),Acinetobacter(6.6%),and Fermentimonas(6.5%),genes related to the decompose of biodegradable organics,to Stenotrophomonas(10.2%)and Clostridiales(3.7%),which were associated with humification.The aeration efficiencies of lab-scale tests were in the range of 5.4–11.8 g BDM/L O_(2)for ARs with disposal ages of 1–13 years,and in situ landfill reclamation,ARs with disposal ages of 10–18 years were around 1.9–8.8 g BDM/L O_(2),as the disposal age decreased.The increased discrepancy was observed in ARs at the lab-scale and field scale,indicating that the forced aeration rate should be adjusted based on ARs and the unit compartment combined,to reduce the operation cost.

肾移植受者T细胞亚群绝对计数动态监测对感染的预警作用

目的探讨长期监测T细胞亚群绝对计数水平对肾移植受者术后感染的预警作用。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年5月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院26例行肾移植术后新发感染受者临床资料(感染组,感染发生在移植后1~240个月)。选择129例同期肾移植术后无感染、健康受者作为对照组。感染组连续或定期测量外周血T细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)绝对计数,并与对照组检测数据进行比较。根据移植后采样时间将感染组和对照组各分为6个亚组,分析感染亚组与其相应对照亚组之间T细胞亚群绝对计数的差异。正态分布计量资料采用两独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析比较,非正态分布计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较,计数资料采用χ^(2)检验比较。使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析T细胞亚群绝对计数在肾移植术后预警感染性疾病的最优值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果感染组和对照组受者CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值分别为(1.2±0.5)、(1.3±0.6),差异无统计学意义(t=0.610,P>0.05)。感染组受者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞绝对计数[(367±212)、(189±117)和(161±92)个/μL]均低于对照组[(1374±663)、(695±334)和(626±377)个/μL],差异均有统计学意义(t=14.036、13.541和12.311,P均<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞绝对计数在6个感染亚组受者中差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。对照亚组1受者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞绝对计数均低于对照亚组5,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)和CD3^(+)绝对计数预测肾移植术后感染性疾病最优截断值分别为712、362和255个/μL,敏感度分别为94.6%、92.2%和96.1%,特异度分别为92.3%、96.2%和88.5%。结论肾移植受者低T细胞亚群绝对计数水平具有预示及预警感染风险的作用。

Tunable magneto-optical polarization device for terahertz waves based on InSb and its plasmonic structure

The nonreciprocal circular dichroism and Faraday rotation effect for terahertz(THz) waves in longitudinally magnetized InSb were investigated by theoretical and experimental studies in the THz regime, which indicated its ability for a THz circularly polarized isolator, THz circular polarizer, tunable polarization converter, and polarization modulator by manipulation of different magnetic fields. Furthermore, we demonstrated the InSb plasmonics based on its magneto-optical effects combined with artificial microstructure. We found the magnetooptical enhancement mechanisms in this magneto-plasmonic structure, achieving broadband near-perfect orthogonal linear polarization conversion modulated by the weak magnetic field in an experiment with an extinction ratio of 33 dB. Moreover, the magneto-optical modulation with an amplitude modulation depth of 95.8% can be achieved by this device under a weak magnetic field of 150 mT. InSb and its magneto-plasmonic device have broad potential for a THz isolator, magneto-optical modulator, and polarization convertor in THz application systems.

Broadband transverse displacement sensing of silicon hollow nanodisk under focused radial polarization illumination in the near-infrared region

Broadband transverse displacement sensing by exploiting the interaction of a focused radially polarized beam with a silicon hollow nanodisk is proposed.The multipolar decomposition analysis indicates that the interference between a longitudinal total electric dipole(TED)moment and a lateral magnetic dipole(MD)moment is dominant in the far-field transverse scattering in the near-infrared region.Within a broadband wavelength range with the width of 155 nm,the longitudinal TED is almost in phase with the lateral MD,and then broadband position sensing based on the sensitivity of scattering directivity to transverse displacement can be achieved.

Atomic switches of metallic point contacts by plasmonic heating

Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization.A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms.In contrast to the reports on this approach,we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light illumination.We demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude,which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular switches.After the switch process,the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or polarization.Supported by simulations,we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior,i.e.,atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.

Sidelobe suppression and axial resolution enhancement in 4pi microscopy with higher-order radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian beams using subtractive imaging

Subtractive imaging is used to suppress the axial sidelobes and improve the axial resolution of 4 pi microscopy with a higher-order radially polarized(RP)Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beam.A solid-shaped point spread function(PSF)and a doughnut-shaped PSF with a dark spot along the optical axis are generated by tightly focusing a higher-order RP-LG beam and a modulated circularly polarized beam,respectively.By subtracting the two images obtained with those two different PSFs,the axial sidelobes of the subtracted PSF are reduced from 37% to about 10% of the main lobe,and the axial resolution is increased from 0.21λ to 0.15λ.

Arbitrary large-gradient wavefront shaping: from local phase modulation to nonlocaldiffraction engineering

The powerful wavefront manipulation capability of metasurfaces originates from their subwavelength or deep subwavelength elements with designable optical responses, especially phase responses. However, they usually suffer from performance degradation as the spatial phase gradient is large. To solve this issue, we propose an accurate and efficient nonlocal diffraction engineering mechanism to tailor an arbitrary large-gradient wavefront utilizing superwavelength-scale elements. The fast-varying phase profile is cut into segments according to 2π zones rather than subwavelength discretization. Each phase segment is accurately implemented by precisely tailoring the diffraction pattern of the element, where diffraction angles, efficiencies, and phases are controlled simultaneously. As proof of the concept, high numerical aperture cylindrical metalenses are designed using this method and experimentally validated at the terahertz band. The cylindrical metalens is further extended to a fullspace metalens, which enables high-quality subwavelength imaging with resolved details of 0.65λ. The proposed mechanism offers an efficient way to capture the fast-varying wavefront using relatively coarse geometries with new physical insights.

Control of angular dispersion in dielectric gratings for multifunctional wavefront shaping and dynamic polarization conversion

Compared with traditional optical elements,metasurfaces have shown unique advantages in multifunctionality encoded in different frequencies,polarization states,and orbital angular momentums.However,the study of metasurfaces with well-controlled functions under different incident angles is still in its infancy.Here we propose a general method to tailor the angular dispersion over the simplest binary dielectric grating in the transmission mode.We demonstrate that the angular response is strongly related to the number of waveguide modes inside the grating,so one can intentionally reduce or enhance the angular dispersion by controlling the number of waveguide modes.Independent phase manipulation over incident angles is experimentally demonstrated by a metalens with angle-dependent focus.The angular dispersion in orthogonal polarization states is further utilized to demonstrate angle-insensitive and angle-multiplexed wave plates.These devices with simple configuration and clear physics offer a general platform to expand the scope of beam manipulation over metasurfaces.