A new way to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome:heat toxin syndrome in cerebral infarction

Objective:To establish a diagnostic system for heat toxin syndrome of acute cerebral infarction.Based on this toxin syndrome diagnostic system,the general principles of heat toxin development will be uncovered,and the critical turning point at which the heat toxin syndrome occurs will also be explored.Methods:In this study,a total of 271 hypertension patients with cerebral infarction within 72 h were recruited from the Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,the Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,the Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Peking University,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and China Meitan General Hospital from August,2008,to December,2009.The patients’Chinese medical information was recorded on days 1,3,5,7,and 14 during their hospitalizations.The medical records were recorded according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and included the serum marker levels at the beginning and at the end of the trial.The time line was also analyzed.Results:The level of Hs-CRP,PAG,NSE,OX-LDL,and MMP-9 were abnormal and,were higher in CI patients compared to hypertension patients.In the study of the heat toxin diagnosis system,according to the entropy clustering results,30 combinations of the medical information can be sorted into the traditional syndromes,but 13 combinations cannot be sorted.To obtain more precise symptoms related to the heat toxins,a logistic regression equation was set up with the variables from the unsorted medical information;the dependent variables were fever and BP fluctuation.Weighted variables were obtained.MLP analysis demonstrated that the diagnosis model was stable and precise.The accuracy reached 83.82%.The ROC test showed that seven points of the diagnosis system was the best cutting point,with a sensitivity of 0.857 and a specificity of 0.955.Progressing stroke was related to heat toxin syndrome.When the turning point appeared,the combination of symptoms,such as coma,aphasia,gummy eyes,and halitosis,predicted the deterioration or recovery of CI.The heat toxin syndrome existed in every subtype of CI;however,the observed heat toxin levels were highest in PACI and lowest in LACI.Meanwhile,blood and sputum stasis syndromes transformed into heat toxicity were one source of heat toxin syndrome.Conclusion:Heat toxin syndrome,as well as qi/blood/sputum stasis,co-existed in the CI patients,and the transformation frequently appeared during the process.Three to five days after the onset of CI was the turning point,at which time several combinations of medical indicators make it possible to predict the development of CI.

Investigation of dementia awareness among stroke patients in China:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To provide guidelines for the prevention of post-stroke dementia,we investigated whether stroke patients were aware of post-stroke dementia and their level of dementia-related knowledge.Methods:Five dementia-related questions were designed.A field survey was conducted in a questionand-answer method using the designed questions.The surveys assessed 3000 stroke patients(2 weekse6 months after stroke attacks)from 14 hospitals/clinical centers in 7 provinces and cities across China.Results:Among 3000 stroke patients,80.5%had heard of dementia,39.1%knew that stroke can lead to dementia,55.7%believed dementia can be prevented,50.8%thought dementia can be cured,and only 8.8%had ever seen a doctor because of memory deterioration.Then,patients were classified into three groups,including a no cognitive impairment(NCI)group,a mild cognitive impairment(MCI)group,and a mild dementia(MD)group.Among the MCI and MD groups,only 8.7%(75/861)and 9.9%(64/649)of patients,respectively,had ever seen a doctor because of memory deterioration.According to our results,patients with a higher level of cognitive impairment had a lower awareness of dementia(P<.001).Conclusion:The awareness of dementia in stroke patients in China is low,and the consultation rate is even lower.Moreover,patients with a higher level of cognitive impairment have a lower awareness of dementia.To improve public awareness and improve prevention,more emphasis should be put on education regarding post-stroke dementia.Routine cognitive function screening should be conducted on stroke patients as an effective way to assess dementia.