GST family genes in jujube actively respond to phytoplasma infection

Jujube witches’broom(JWB)caused by phytoplasma has a severely negative effect on multiple metabolisms in jujube.The GST gene family in plants participates in the regulation of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses.This study aims to identify and reveal the changes in the jujube GST gene family in response to phytoplasma infection.Here,70 ZjGSTs were identified in the jujube genome and divided into 8 classes.Among them,the Tau-class,including 44 genes,was the largest.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tau-class genes were highly conserved among species,such as Arabidopsis,cotton,chickpea,and rice.Through chromosome location analysis,37.1%of genes were clustered,and 8 of 9 gene clusters were composed of Tau class members.Through RT-PCR,qRT-PCR and enzyme activity detection,the results showed that the expression of half(20/40)of the tested ZjGSTs was inhibited by phytoplasma infection in field and tissue culture conditions,and GST activity was also significantly reduced.In the resistant and susceptible varieties under phytoplasma infection,ZjGSTU49-ZjGSTU54 in the cluster IV showed opposite expression patterns,which may be due to functional divergence during evolution.Some upregulated genes(ZjGSTU45,ZjGSTU49,ZjGSTU59,and ZjGSTU70)might be involved in the process of jujube against JWB.The yeast two-hybrid results showed that all 6 Tauclass proteins tested could form homodimers or heterodimers.Overall,the comprehensive analysis of the jujube GST gene family revealed that ZjGSTs responded actively to phytoplasma infection.Furthermore,some screened genes(ZjGSTU24,ZjGSTU49-52,ZjGSTU70,and ZjDHAR10)will contribute to further functional studies of jujube-phytoplasma interactions.

Experimental study on failure characteristics of single-sided unloading rock under different intermediate principal stress conditions

Investigation of unloading rock failure under differentσ_(2)facilitates the control mechanism of excavation surrounding rock.This study focused on single-sided unloading tests of granite specimens under true triaxial conditions.The strength and failure characteristics were studied with micro-camera and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring.Furthermore,the choice of test path and the effect ofσ_(2)on fracture of unloading rock were discussed.Results show that the increasedσ_(2)can strengthen the stability of single-sided unloading rock.After unloading,the rock’s free surface underwent five phases,namely,inoculation,particle ejection,buckling rupture,stable failure,and unstable rockburst phases.Moreover,atσ_(2)≤30 MPa,the b value shows the following variation tendency:rising,dropping,significant fluctuation,and dropping,with dispersed damages signal.Atσ_(2)≥40 MPa,the tendency shows:a rise,a decrease,a slight fluctuation,and final drop,with concentrated damages signal.After unloading,AE energy is mainly concentrated in the micro-energy range.With the increasedσ_(2),the micro-energy ratio rises.In contrast,low,medium and large energy ratios drop gradually.The increased tensile fractures and decreased shear fractures indicate that the failure mode of the unloading rock gradually changes from tensile-shear mode to tensile-split one.The fractional dimension of the rock fragments first increases and then decreases with an inflection point at 20 MPa.The distribution of SIF on the planes changes asσ_(2)increases,resulting in strengthening and then weakening of the rock bearing capacity.

免疫检查点抑制剂在食管癌新辅助治疗中的应用进展

对于可切除食管癌患者,手术切除是最重要的治疗方式,但由于食管癌术后复发转移机率较高,因而根据个体情况选择围手术期治疗十分重要。随着人们对肿瘤免疫治疗方式的认可,免疫检查点抑制剂逐渐从后线、二线前移至一线乃至围手术期,其原理是通过抗体阻断免疫检查点,抵抗肿瘤免疫抑制,起到缩小肿瘤及防止复发的作用。抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体是最常用的免疫检查点抑制剂。多项临床试验正在探索新辅助免疫治疗联合化疗或放化疗治疗食管癌患者的应用模式,现有数据显示将免疫治疗应用于食管癌新辅助领域极具潜力,但仍需在更大样本量的临床试验中加以验证。当前仍有诸多问题亟待研究,如治疗的时机与疗程、生物标志物筛选等。本文就目前新辅助免疫治疗在食管癌中的临床研究进行综述。

Assessment of gas and dust explosion in coal mines by means of fuzzy fault tree analysis

During the past decade, coal dust and gas explosions have been the most two serious types of disasters in China, threatening the lives of miners and causing significant losses in terms of national property. In this paper, an evaluation model of coal dust and gas explosions was constructed based on a fuzzy fault tree by taking the Xingli Coal Mine as a research site to identify the risk factors of coal dust and gas explosions.Furthermore, the hazards associated with such explosions were evaluated for this particular coal mine.After completing an on-site investigation, the fuzzy probabilities of basic events were obtained through expert scoring, and these expert opinions were then aggregated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to calculate the degrees of importance of all basic events. Finally, these degrees of importance were sorted. According to the resulting order, the basic events with higher probabilities were determined to identify key hazards in the daily safety management of this particular coal mine. Moreover, effective measures for preventing gas and coal dust explosions were derived. The fuzzy fault tree analysis method is of high significance in the analysis of accidental coal mine explosions and provides theoretical guidance for improving the efficiency of coal mine safety management in a scientific and feasible manner.

Key technologies and engineering practices for soft-rock protective seam mining

Severe gas disasters in deep mining areas are increasing,and traditional protective coal seam mining is facing significant challenges.This paper proposes an innovative technology using soft rock as the protective seam in the absence of an appropriate coal seam.Based on the geological engineering conditions of the new horizontal first mining area of Luling Coal Mine in Huaibei,China,the impacts of different mining parameters of the soft-rock protective seam on the pressure-relief effect of the protected coal seam were analyzed through numerical simulation.The unit stress of the protected coal seam,which was less than half of the primary rock stress,was used as the mining stress pressure-relief index.The optimized interlayer space was found to be 59 m for the first soft-rock working face,with a 2 m mining thickness and 105 m face length.The physicochemical characteristics of the orebody were analyzed,and a device selection framework for the soft-rock protective seam was developed.Optimal equipment for the working face was selected,including the fully-mechanized hydraulic support and coal cutter.A production technology that combined fully-mechanized and blasting-assisted soft-rock mining was developed.Engineering practices demonstrated that normal circulation operation can be achieved on the working face of the soft-rock protective seam,with an average advancement rate of 1.64 m/d.The maximum residual gas pressure and content,which were measured at the cut hole position of the protected coal seams(Nos.8 and 9),decreased to 0.35 MPa and 4.87 m^3/t,respectively.The results suggested that soft-rock protective seam mining can produce a significant gas-control effect.

3~5岁幼儿情绪调节策略类型倾向与执行功能的关系

幼儿的情绪调节策略与其执行功能关系密切。本研究采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取467名3~5岁幼儿为研究对象,首先采取潜在剖面分析探索幼儿情绪调节策略的类型倾向,之后采用单因素方差分析探索幼儿情绪调节策略类型倾向与其执行功能的关系,结果表明幼儿情绪调节策略类型倾向可分为积极型、矛盾型、被动型、成长型四类;积极型和成长型幼儿的执行功能优于矛盾型和被动型幼儿;矛盾型幼儿执行功能发展最迟缓。教师和家长应针对不同情绪调节策略类型倾向幼儿的特点,采取有针对性的教育措施,促进幼儿情绪调节策略和执行功能的发展,其中尤其要注意帮助矛盾型和被动型幼儿掌握积极的情绪调节策略。

A damage-based constitutive model for rock under impacting load

Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress–strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of 1 E(t)/E0, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress–strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.

Oncoprotein HBXIP promotes tumorigenesis through MAPK/ERK pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:The oncoprotein,hepatitis B X-interacting protein(HBXIP),has been reported to play an important role in human malignancies.However,its functions in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are poorly understood.The goal of the present study was to identify the role of HBXIP in the regulation of NSCLC development.Methods:The level of HBXIP expression in NSCLC tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses,and its relationships with clinicopathological features and outcomes were statistically evaluated.The effects of HBXIP on NSCLC cell progression were assessed through cell viability,colony formation,and flow cytometry analyses in vitro.The mechanism by which HBXIP regulated the MAPK pathway was studied by Western blot,immunofluorescence,and immunoprecipitation assays.In addition,in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the progression of NSCLC and ERK signaling pathway activation after HBXIP knockdown.Results:HBXIP was overexpressed in human NSCLC and was correlated with the invasiveness of NSCLC.The high expression of HBXIP in NSCLC was significantly correlated with gender(P=0.033),N stage(P=0.002),and tumor-node-metastasis stage(P=0.008).In vitro experiments using an NSCLC cell line revealed that HBXIP knockdown resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and colony formation,which was consistent with the enhanced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.The results of a mechanistic investigation suggested that binding of HBXIP to MEK1 protein promoted MAPK/ERK signaling pathway activation in NSCLC by preventing the proteasome-mediated degradation of MEK1.In addition,the results obtained using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts confirmed that HBXIP deficiency decreased MEK1 protein levels and NSCLC tumor growth.Conclusions:Taken together,our results showed that the HBXIP-MEK interaction promoted oncogenesis via the MAPK/ERK pathway,which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancers in which MAPK/ERK signaling is a dominant feature.

基于自适应泡利测量的量子纯态层析方法

量子态层析是对量子资源进行验证与充分利用的有力工具。然而,目前的纯态信息完备测量方案通常需要用到多比特量子门或者复杂的量子算法,它们在较大的量子系统中是难以实现的。本文提出了一种基于自适应泡利测量的N比特量子纯态层析方案。方案的第一步是在Z方向上对每个量子比特进行投影测量,以确定目标态各基矢分量的振幅。随后,根据Z方向的测量结果可以递归地推导出一组泡利测量基,以确定各基矢分量的相位。对于常见的量子态,如簇态和W态等,依此方法推导出的泡利测量基的数量在O(N)量级。最后,我们利用神经网络算法对一维链状纠缠态进行了重构,从而数值地验证了该方案的可行性。

基于肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤预后模型的构建及初步评价

目的:探索免疫化疗时代基于多种肿瘤浸润免疫细胞建立弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)预后模型并进行初步评价。方法:采用ImmuCellAI算法计算DLBCL肿瘤微环境中24种免疫细胞的丰度,通过(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归和Cox回归筛选预测变量并构建基于免疫细胞的风险评分模型(immune cells-based risk scores,IRS)模型。同时将IRS模型与患者临床因素相结合,构建IRSC模型。采用Kaplan-Meier法和ROC曲线评估该模型,采用列线图计算不同时间点的生存率。结果:IRS模型高风险组患者总生存时间(OS)明显低于低风险组[P=1e-15,HR=0.298(0.2176~0.4082)],基于患者1、3、5年生存情况的ROC曲线AUC值分别为0.728、0.711和0.615,且该模型风险评分与免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICPIs)疗效呈负相关。IRSC模型较IRS模型预测效果更佳:高风险组预后显著差于低风险组P<2e-16,HR=0.170(0.1143~0.253)],基于患者1、3、5年生存情况的ROC曲线AUC值分别为0.797、0.809和0.792。结论:IRS模型能很好的预测DLBCL患者的预后及对ICPIs的疗效,而IRSC模型预后价值更高。

Research on Coal Seam Floor Water Inrush Monitoring Based on Perception of IoT Coupled with GIS

To the complication and uncertainty in coal seam floor water-inrush monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT) perception is applied to the monitoring and controlling of coal seam floor water inrush with major impacting factors analyzed, and an open distribution information processing platform is constructed based on IoT-GIS coupling perception. Then using the platform to comprehensively perceive various floor water inrush impacting parameters, an AHP model is established. At this stage, by means of weight reasoning algorithm based on dynamic Bayesian network, the AHP weight can be worked out using the two-way probability transfer and chain rules. Then the multiple factors are spatially fused by GIS to form a non-linear mathematical model for the calculation of the water inrush relative probability index. After that, the discrimination threshold of the comb graph for the floor water inrush relative probability index is used to further identify the floor water inrush mode. The experiments in 10# Coal Seam of Suntuan Mine show that, the accuracy perceived the floor water inrush is above 92%, and the platform of IoT-GIS coupling perception has the obvious technical advantage than traditional monitoring technology. Therefore, it has has demonstrated strong systematic robustness, important theoretical and application significance.

High-power microwaves response characteristics of silicon and GaAs solar cells

The high-power microwave(HPM)effect heats solar cells,which is an important component of a satellite.This creates a serious reliability problem and affects the normal operation of a satellite.In this paper,the different HPM response characteristics of two kinds of solar cells are comparatively researched by simulation.The results show that there are similarities and differences in hot spot distribution and damage mechanisms between both kinds of solar cell,which are related to the amplitude of HPM.In addition,the duty cycle of repetition frequency contributes more to the temperature accumulation of the solar cells than the carrier frequency.These results will help future research of damage assessment technology,reliability enhancement and the selection of materials for solar cells.

Structural limiting factors of mixed-valent tin oxides in photoelectrochemical application:A comparative exploration

Photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)materials for harvesting solar energy can be discovered from existing photocatalytic semiconductors.Nonetheless,mixed valence tin oxides,a group of widely reported visible light active photocatalysts,can hardly be developed into efficient PEC photoelectrodes.To overcome this difficulty by clarifying its origin,two typical mixed valence tin oxides,Sn^(2+):SnO_(2) microrods and porous Sn_(3)O_(4) particles were deliberately prepared as the models.Sn^(2+):SnO_(2) microrods of less porosity exhibited a photocurrent over ten times higher than Sn_(3)O_(4) particles.Photo-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed this was due to their charge kinetics difference,specifically the internal transport/-transfer responding to the morphology.Moreover,hydroxyl residuals from synthesis were found to be very inhibitive for the PEC efficiency as well,which was in coherence with our TGA and Raman spectroscopic study.These finding experimentally proved the necessity of reconsidering the surface area,crystallinity,and defects when developing photocatalysts into efficient PEC structures.

Construction of shallow buried large-span metro stations using the small pipe roof-beam method

In relation to the Shifu Road Station project on Line 4 of the Shenyang Metro in China,a small-pipe roof-beam method for constructing subway stations is presented.First,a numerical simulation was performed to optimize the supporting parameters of the proposed method and determine the design scheme.Subsequently,the deformation of the pipe roof and surface settlement during the construction process were investigated.Finally,the surface settlement attributed to the excavation was studied through field monitoring,and the proposed method was compared with other methods.The results show that an increase in the pipe-roof spacing has little effect on the surface settlement and piperoof deformation.The bearing capacity of the pipe roof can be efficiently utilized once the flexural stiffness reaches 2EI,and the flexural stiffness is not the dominant factor controlling the deformation.The essential stages in controlling surface settlement are the excavations of the transverse pilot tunnels and the soil between them.The final settlement value of the ground was 24.1 mm,resulting in a reduction in the construction period by at least five months while satisfying the control requirements.

Time-domain and Frequency-domain Analyses of PETT Oscillation in Press Pack IGBTs

Plasma extraction transit time(PETT)oscillation might appear in IGBT devices,which is harmful to the electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)of a renewable energy system.To eliminate this oscillation,its frequency-domain characteristics in wire-bonded IGBT devices have been extensively studied.However,the time-domain analysis of PETT oscillation,especially in Press Pack IGBT(PPI)devices,has not attracted enough attention yet.In this paper,PETT oscillations with multi-chips in PPI devices are systematically investigated by experiments.It is first reported there are multiple resonant oscillations at the tail period when multi-chips turn off.Oscillations overlap in the time domain waveforms,which lead PETT oscillation to be more serious in multi-chips.Then,PETT oscillation is divided into three different feedback states for the first time.For the IGBT chip in the PETT oscillation,its physical based model and behavior model are proposed,which further form the equivalent circuit as the two-port network.Moreover,it is indicated that only parallel resonances can lead to PETT oscillation,which is consistent with experiment results.

miR-10a inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by targeting BCL6 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The BCL6 （B-Cell Lymphoma 6） gene is a proto-onco- gene that is often expressed in diffuse large B-ceU lymphomas （DLBCLs）. BCL6 loss of function can kill DLBCL cells, demonstrating that BCL6 is necessary for the survival of DLBCL cells and could be a therapeutic target. In this study, we found that BCL6 protein levels were consistently upregulated in DLBCL tissues, whereas its mRNA levels varied randomly in tissues, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in BCL6 regulation. We used bioinformatics analysis to search for miRNAs, which potentially target BCL6, and identified specific targeting sites for miR-10a in the 3＇-untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of BCL6. We fur- ther identified an inverse correlation between miR-10a levels and BCL6 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in DLBCL tumor tissue samples. By overexpressing or knocking down miR-10a in DLBCL cells, we experi- mentally validated that miR-10a directly recognizes the 3＇-UTR of the BCL6 transcript and regulated BCL6expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nega- tively regulating BCL6 by miR-10a suppressed the pro- liferation and promoted apoptosis of DLBCL cells.

Influence of frequency on the surface discharge characteristics of PEEK under positive repetitive square voltage

In this study, the surface discharge current pulses of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material under positive repetitive square voltage in a nitrogen atmosphere are measured. The influences of different voltage amplitudes and frequencies on the detail parameters of forward discharge and backward discharge current pulses are statistically analysed. The results show that as the square voltage amplitude increases, the current pulse amplitude, fall time and pulse width of both forward and backward discharge current increase, and the rise time does not change significantly. As the voltage frequency increases, current pulse amplitude, fall time and pulse width of both forward and backward discharge current decrease, and the rise time does not change significantly. Due to the independence of the discharge at different repetitive cycles, the specific discharge process in one cycle is analysed in detail to explain the influence mechanism of the voltage amplitude and frequency on the discharge current. By mean of the Richardson-Schottky and the Cavallini relaxation model, the relationship between discharge voltage ratio and surface charge, and the decay process of surface discharge are analysed. Furthermore, the influences of amplitude and frequency of the positive repetitive square voltage on the PEEK surface current pulses are explained qualitatively.

Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs

The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)highlighted the importance and urgency of the research and development of therapeutic drugs.Very early into the COVID-19 pandemic,China has begun developing drugs,with some notable progress.Herein,we summarizes the anti-COVID-19 drugs and promising drug candidates originally developed and researched in China.Furthermore,we discussed the developmental prospects,mechanisms of action,and advantages and disadvantages of the anti-COVID-19 drugs in development,with the aim to contribute to the rational use of drugs in COVID-19 treatment and more effective development of new drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and the variants.Neutralizing antibody is an effective approach to overcome COVID-19.However,drug resistance induced by rapid virus mutation will likely to challenge neutralizing antibodies.Taking into account current epidemic trends,small molecule drugs have a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 due to their significant advantage of convenient administration and affordable and broad-spectrum.Traditional Chinese medicines,including natural products and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions,contribute to the treatment of COVID-19 due to their unique mechanism of action.Currently,the research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs have led to some promising achievements,thus prompting us to expect even more rapidly available solutions.

Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

The objective of this paper is to quantify the variability in emissions of off-road equipment using a portable emission measurement system.A total of 53 commonly used equipment for agriculture,base construction,paving construction,and material handling were selected.Time-based and fuel-based emissions were quantified by different duty and engine modes.Three duty modes(idling,moving,and working)were used.Ten engine modes were defined based on normalized engine revolutions-per-minute and manifold absolute pressure,respectively.Composite emission factors taking into account both duty modes and its corresponding time percentage during a typical duty cycle were estimated.Results showed that there existed a large off-road equipment variability in emissions.Depending on duty and engine modes,time-based NO emissions ranged from 3.1 to 237.9,29.1‒1475.6,83.2‒681.6,and 3.2‒385.2 g/h for agriculture,base construction,paving construction and material handling equipment,respectively while for fuel-based NO emissions these ranges were 5.3‒52.0,11.7‒69.0,4.8‒30.8,and 11.0‒54.6 g/kg,respectively.Furthermore,emission factors derived from this study exhibited a much larger variability compared to those used in NONROAD by US EPA and National Guideline for Off-road Equipment of China.This implied that localized measurements of emissions are needed for improvement of accuracy of emission inventory.Furthermore,both equipment types and operations should be considered for development of emission inventory and control strategy.