The Dounan manganese deposit is a typical large-scale marine sedimentary manganese deposit of the Middle Triassic in China. The metallogenic environment and change process directly dictate the migration, enrichment, a...The Dounan manganese deposit is a typical large-scale marine sedimentary manganese deposit of the Middle Triassic in China. The metallogenic environment and change process directly dictate the migration, enrichment, and precipitation of Mn. To better understand its metallogenetic environment, a detailed study was undertaken involving field observation, mineralogical and geochemical and M?ssbauer spectroscopic analyses. The major findings are as follows:(1) Lithofacies paleogeography, sedimentary structural characteristics, and geochemical indexes indicate that the deposits were formed in an epicontinental marine sedimentary basin environment of normal salinity;(2) there were three ore phases including Mn oxides, Mn carbonates, and mixed Mn ores. The ore minerals found were braunite, manganite, Ca-rhodochrosite, manganocalcite, and kutnahorite. Petrographic and mineralogical information indicates that the metallogenic environment was a weakly alkaline and weakly oxidized to weakly reduced environment, and the mineralization occurred near the redox interface;(3) the V/(V + Ni)ratios, δCe and Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+) found in profiles of Baigu and Gake ore sections show that the redox conditions of the ore-forming environment were continuously changing; and(4) three Fe species, α-Fe_2O_3, para-Fe^(3+), and para-Fe^(2+),were found in hematite and clay mineral samples using M?ssbauer spectrum analysis. The presence and distribution of these Fe species indicate that the deposit was formed in a typical sedimentary environment during the mineralization process. In summary, our study showed that redox was a key factor controlling the mineralization of the Dounan manganese deposit. Our results have led us to the conclusion that transgression and regression caused fluctuations in sea level, which in turn caused the change of the redox environment. M?ssbauer spectroscopy is an effective tool for studying the redox conditions of the paleoenvironment in which sedimentary manganese deposits were formed.展开更多
During ancient times,human interest in naturally-occurring gases was religious,while it was scientific in the historical age and industrial in modern times.Gases were also utilized for practical purposes and more than...During ancient times,human interest in naturally-occurring gases was religious,while it was scientific in the historical age and industrial in modern times.Gases were also utilized for practical purposes and more than 3000 years before present day,Chinese populations made use of methane for salt extraction while in the 17th century it was observed that native Americans ignited methane seepages.The development of human thinking on gases followed the fundamental steps that characterized the natural sciences during the 18th century scientific revolution that was based on significant improvements in analytical methods.These improvements are still ongoing while present-day scientific publications evidence the spread of the field of interest and more cooperation with geophysical sciences to solve common interest problems.The existence of proper meetings and dedicated scientific journals confirms that gas geochemistry has ended this pioneering phase to enter a more mature condition.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.41376080)the 12th Five-Year Plan project of the State Key Laboratory of Ore-deposit Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKLODG-ZY125-08)
文摘The Dounan manganese deposit is a typical large-scale marine sedimentary manganese deposit of the Middle Triassic in China. The metallogenic environment and change process directly dictate the migration, enrichment, and precipitation of Mn. To better understand its metallogenetic environment, a detailed study was undertaken involving field observation, mineralogical and geochemical and M?ssbauer spectroscopic analyses. The major findings are as follows:(1) Lithofacies paleogeography, sedimentary structural characteristics, and geochemical indexes indicate that the deposits were formed in an epicontinental marine sedimentary basin environment of normal salinity;(2) there were three ore phases including Mn oxides, Mn carbonates, and mixed Mn ores. The ore minerals found were braunite, manganite, Ca-rhodochrosite, manganocalcite, and kutnahorite. Petrographic and mineralogical information indicates that the metallogenic environment was a weakly alkaline and weakly oxidized to weakly reduced environment, and the mineralization occurred near the redox interface;(3) the V/(V + Ni)ratios, δCe and Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+) found in profiles of Baigu and Gake ore sections show that the redox conditions of the ore-forming environment were continuously changing; and(4) three Fe species, α-Fe_2O_3, para-Fe^(3+), and para-Fe^(2+),were found in hematite and clay mineral samples using M?ssbauer spectrum analysis. The presence and distribution of these Fe species indicate that the deposit was formed in a typical sedimentary environment during the mineralization process. In summary, our study showed that redox was a key factor controlling the mineralization of the Dounan manganese deposit. Our results have led us to the conclusion that transgression and regression caused fluctuations in sea level, which in turn caused the change of the redox environment. M?ssbauer spectroscopy is an effective tool for studying the redox conditions of the paleoenvironment in which sedimentary manganese deposits were formed.
基金supported partially by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021YFA0719003,2019YFA0708501)funds from Chinese Academy of Sciences as a visiting professorship for senior international scientists(No.2018VMA0007)。
文摘During ancient times,human interest in naturally-occurring gases was religious,while it was scientific in the historical age and industrial in modern times.Gases were also utilized for practical purposes and more than 3000 years before present day,Chinese populations made use of methane for salt extraction while in the 17th century it was observed that native Americans ignited methane seepages.The development of human thinking on gases followed the fundamental steps that characterized the natural sciences during the 18th century scientific revolution that was based on significant improvements in analytical methods.These improvements are still ongoing while present-day scientific publications evidence the spread of the field of interest and more cooperation with geophysical sciences to solve common interest problems.The existence of proper meetings and dedicated scientific journals confirms that gas geochemistry has ended this pioneering phase to enter a more mature condition.