Pattern Matching of Industrial Alarm Floods Using Word Embedding and Dynamic Time Warping

Dear Editor,This letter proposes a new pattern matching method based on word embedding and dynamic time warping(DTW)to identify groups of similar alarm floods.First,alarm messages are transformed into numeric values that represent alarms and also reflect the relationships between alarm occurrences.Then,similarities between numerically encoded alarm flood sequences are calculated by DTW and groups of similar floods are identified via clustering.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a case study with alarm&event data obtained from a public industrial simulation model.

Evaluating Common Land Model Energy Fluxes Using FLUXNET Data

Given the crucial role of land surface processes in global and regional climates, there is a pressing need to test and verify the performance of land surface models via comparisons to observations. In this study, the eddy covariance measurements from 20 FLUXNET sites spanning more than 100 site-years were utilized to evaluate the performance of the Common Land Model （CoLM） over different vegetation types in various climate zones. A decomposition method was employed to separate both the observed and simulated energy fluxes, i.e., the sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, net radiation, and ground heat flux, at three timescales ranging from stepwise （30 rain） to monthly. A comparison between the simulations and observations indicated that CoLM produced satisfactory simulations of all four energy fluxes, although the different indexes did not exhibit consistent results among the different fluxes, A strong agreement between the simulations and observations was found for the seasonal cycles at the 20 sites, whereas CoLM underestimated the latent heat flux at the sites with distinct dry and wet seasons, which might be associated with its weakness in simulating soil water during the dry season. CoLM cannot explicitly simulate the midday depression of leaf gas exchange, which may explain why CoLM also has a maximum diurnal bias at noon in the summer. Of the eight selected vegetation types analyzed, CoLM performs best for evergreen broadleaf forests and worst for croplands and wetlands.

Evaluation of yield,stability and adaptability of national winter rapeseed regional trials in the upper Yangtze River region in 2017-2018

Rapeseed variety needs to be tested by regional trial in multiple sites for many years before being applied in market in China.Performants of rapeseed were affected by the interaction of sites and varieties.Evaluation of regional trials is very important for guiding rapeseed breeding.GGE(genotype main effects and genotypeenvironment interaction)biplot was used to evaluate yield,stability,adaptability,representativeness and discrimination of national winter rapeseed trials in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in 2017-2018.Results showed that the main effects of genotype(G),environment(E)and genotypeenvironment interaction(GE)were significant(P<0.01)for yield.Among them,E accounted for 46.95%total variation on average,G and GE accounted for 19.34%and 33.71%respectively.Eight varieties were found with high-yield,excellent stability and adaptability,including‘Yiyou 29’,‘Xiwang 920’,‘Liyouza 108’,‘Nanyou 546’,‘Dadi 195’,‘Jiayou 1’,‘Huayouza 28’and‘Yuhua 2’.Test sites included Nanchong,Mianyang,Wanzhou,Shuangliu and Chengdu in Sichuan Province and Zunyi together with Guiyang in Guizhou Province were selected for their excellent representativeness and discrimination.These results would provide theoretical basis for rapeseed breeding.

Advance in germplasm innovation and gene mining of high-oil maize

As one of the 3 worldwide major grain crops, maize is the main source of food, feed and edible vegetable oil. High-oil maize has been selectively bred for many years due to its high oil content and nutritional quality. However, compared with normal maize, the progress of high-oil maize breeding is hindered nowadays. Main problems are scarce of high-oil maize germplasm, conventional breeding methods, and slow genetic research progress on oil content and fatty acid composition. In this study, germplasm innovation and gene mining of high-oil maize were reviewed to provide theoretical reference for genetic breeding and utilization. Several high-oil basic populations have been developed after more than 100 years of selection, which have served as the unique resources for high-oil maize breeding. They have also been used to dissect genetic architecture of oil biosynthesis in maize kernel. Using linkage and association analyses, many QTLs and loci associated with oil content and fatty acid composition have been identified and mapped. In addition, some candidate genes for QTLs have been validated to regulate maize grain oil content and fatty acid composition. Prospect for high-oil maize was also discussed to provide knowledge about genetic mechanism of oil biosynthesis and improvement of kernel quality in maize.

Challenges and suggestions of Chinese rapeseed industry

Rapeseed industry is a central link in edible oil production, and plays a key role in edible oil safety. In order to resolve current problems of Chinese rapeseed industry, suggestions were put forward by combing present situation, prediction and practicable strategies of rapeseed industry. Challenges in Chinese rapeseed industry were analyzed, which included competition from international company; separation between breeding, popularization, and market demand; backward breeding model and R&D(research and development) in enterprise; lack of effective market regulation. Suggestions were made to improve rapeseed industry. First, comprehensive and rational modern rapeseed industry scientific development view should be applied in regional distribution of rapeseed production. Second, rapeseed breeding of China should coordinated and a platform should be formed for breeding innovation. Third, rapeseed multifunctional development and utilization need to be improved to meet the new consumption demand. At last, market supervision must be strengthened to ensure the sustainability and healthy development of seed industry. This paper provided theoretical references for rapeseed breeding and production applications, and established a solid foundation for rapeseed production and popularization in China.

A Causal Fusion Inference Method for Industrial Alarm Root Cause Analysis Based on Process Topology and Alarm Event Data

Modern industrial systems are usually in large scale,consisting of massive components and variables that form a complex system topology.Owing to the interconnections among devices,a fault may occur and propagate to exert widespread influences and lead to a variety of alarms.Obtaining the root causes of alarms is beneficial to the decision supports in making corrective alarm responses.Existing data-driven methods for alarm root cause analysis detect causal relations among alarms mainly based on historical alarm event data.To improve the accuracy,this paper proposes a causal fusion inference method for industrial alarm root cause analysis based on process topology and alarm events.A Granger causality inference method considering process topology is exploited to find out the causal relations among alarms.The topological nodes are used as the inputs of the model,and the alarm causal adjacency matrix between alarm variables is obtained by calculating the likelihood of the topological Hawkes process.The root cause is then obtained from the directed acyclic graph(DAG)among alarm variables.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations based on both a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process(TEP)model.

Research on Inventory Pledge Financing Pledge Decision under Internet of Things Technology

Inventory pledge financing not only solves the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises,but also opens up business channels for banks.Under the random market demand,this article studies the pledge decision-making of perishable pledges in the inventory pledge business,On the basis of considering the supervision of the Internet of Things technology to reduce the loss rate of quality goods,a decision model of the pledge rate of the bank is constructed in the case of not adopting the Internet of things technology and adopting the Internet of things technology.The pledge rate decision-making model in the two technical situations aims at maximizing the profit at the end of the pledge period.The factors in the model such as the pledge rate,end-of-period income,and IoT technology coverage rate are analyzed respectively,and finally the decision-making process is verified through calculation examples.Studies have shown that,when Internet of Things technology is not adopted,the income of bank pledge business first increases and then decreases with the growth of pledge rate.After the adoption of Internet of Things technology,the income of Banks is inversely proportional to the coverage rate of Internet of Things technology.However,within a certain coverage range,Banks can obtain greater income by using Internet of Things technology to supervise pledges.

Analysis of yield and quality characteristics of winter oilseed rape in China from 2001 to 2015: towards future breeding goals

The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data of national winter oilseed rape trials from 2001 to 2015 in 4 districts(upper, middle, lower Yangtze River and Huang-Huai River) was comprehensively analyzed. Results showed that average yield of new varieties of winter oilseed rape increased during the study period. In 2013, average yield of each district reached its highest level. Number of pod per plant reached its peak in 2011 and then declined rapidly in the next 4 years. Average number of seeds per pod did not significantly changed in any districts. Moreover, 1,000 seeds weight increased most obviously in Huang-Huai River district. After 2007, new oilseed rape varieties encountered the double-low quality(i.e., low erucic acid and low glucosinolate). In addition, oil content of new oilseed rape varieties increased over 15 years period and average oil content of all tested varieties during 2006-2015 was 42.96%, which was 2.38% higher than in 2005. Future breeding goals should be set to further improve yield, oil content, oil quality(such as high oleic acid and low saturated fatty acids), achieve full mechanization of oilseed rape production process and develop ideotypes.

Light-Harvesting Artificial Cells for the Generation of ATP and NADPH

The bottom-up construction of self-powered artificial cells is significant to understand the energy supply and metabolism of nature cells.Here,we demonstrate an efficient manner to build thylakoid-containing artificial cells,which continuously convert light energy into chemical energy to supply adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP)under light illumination.The production of ATP supplies energy to promote the biological enzyme cascade reactions,where glucose is transformed into glucose 6-phosphate(G6P)under the catalysis of hexokinase(HK).G6P was further converted to gluconolactone 6-phosphate(PG)in the presence of 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH),meanwhile NADP^(+) was converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH).The self-powered artificial cells were demonstrated to generate ATP and NADPH successively,which provided a way for building more complicated artificial cells.