无定形CoOx耦合碳点构筑海绵状多孔结构的双功能光催化剂用于提高水氧化和二氧化碳还原性能

随着化石燃料大量使用带来的温室效应、能源匮乏以及环境污染问题日趋严重,寻找清洁高效的可再生能源用做传统化石燃料的替代品,已经成为当今的研究重点.太阳能驱动的水分解制备氢气和CO2还原为CO,不仅可以降低大气中CO2的浓度,而且提供了理想的能源气体H2和有经济价值的化学物质,实现了太阳能的转换/储存.整个水分解反应包含两个半反应,即质子还原和水的氧化.其中水的氧化反应是一个涉及四个电子和四个质子转移的复杂过程,需要很高的活化能,被认为是全分解水反应的瓶颈步骤.此外,CO2还原也是光合作用的重要半反应,是将太阳能转化为化学燃料/原料的重要途径.因此,寻找一种同时具有高催化活性和稳定性的水氧化和CO2还原双功能光催化剂至关重要.本文以双氰胺和葡萄糖为原料,通过简单的水热法脱水聚合得到碳点(CDs),再与Co(NO3)2·6H2O形成均匀溶液烘干后,通过改变不同煅烧温度(200,300,400和600℃),构筑了一系列CoOx耦合碳点的海绵状多孔结构的双功能光催化剂CDs@CoOx,并首次应用于光催化水氧化和CO2还原.我们发现,CDs可以作为模板来调节复合物的结晶度,当在300℃煅烧时得到的是无定形催化剂CDs@CoOx-300,相比未掺杂的Co3O4,CDs的引入在促进光催化水氧化和CO2还原活性方面起着关键作用.因此,当与碳点耦合时,CDs@CoOx-300复合物不仅暴露了更多的活性位点,而且促进了电荷分离.最终,CoOx和CDs之间的协同作用促进了水氧化和CO2还原.当以[Ru(bpy)3]Cl2为光敏剂,Na2S2O8为牺牲电子受体,在pH为9.0的硼酸缓冲液中,CDs@CoOx-300为光催化剂,最大O2收率为40.4%,在460 nm处具有58.6%的表观量子效率.同时将该催化剂CDs@CoOx-300用于以[Ru(bpy)3]Cl2-TEOA的体系中进行光催化还原CO2时,CO的生成速率为8.1μmol h‒1,且CO选择性高达89.3%,展现出了优异的催化性能.此外,在水氧化和CO2还原循环测试中,发现5次反应后,催化活性无明显降低,说明该双功能催化剂具有较高的稳定性.本文为未来合理构建高效、稳定的碳掺杂的钴基双功能光催化剂提供了重要的启发和研究思路.

六核环状钴配合物用于光催化CO_(2)到CO转化

自然界中的光合作用被认为是非常重要的生化反应,它不仅为植物生长提供能量,为动物提供食物来源,而且它还维持了大气中CO_(2)和O_(2)含量相对稳定.每年自然界通过光合作用利用的太阳能约是人类生产生活所需能量的10倍.目前,人工光合作用越来越引起人们关注.光合作用主要包括光反应放O_(2)和暗反应CO_(2)固定(Calvin循环),涉及水氧化(6H_(2)O-12 e^(-)→12 H^(+)+3 O_(2))和CO_(2)还原反应(6CO_(2)+12H^(+)+6H_(2)O+12e^(-)→C_(6)H_(12)O_(6)+3O_(2)+6H_(2)O).目前,为了满足能源需求和减少温室效应,CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)制备碳氢燃料成为前沿与热点研究方向.在自然界光合作用中,CO_(2)RR为多电子、多质子(24e-,24H+)的转移过程,目前的技术很难完全模拟自然界光合作用并将CO_(2)转化为碳水化合物.因此,开发光化学CO_(2)到CO的转化(CO_(2)+2H++2e-→CO+H_(2)O),作为人工光合作用的模型用以深入理解光合作用是非常有必要的.本文开发了均相环状钴配合物{K_(2)[CoO_(3)PCH_(2)N(CH_(2)CO_(2))_(2)]}_(6)(Co6配合物)催化CO_(2)还原为CO的人工光合作用模型反应.选择Co6配合物用于二氧化碳还原的原因如下:(1)Co6配合物作为水氧化光催化剂已被报道,说明它对实现光合作用全反应具有更实际的应用;(2)在Co6配合物中,有四个化学键与N原子相连接,说明N原子表现出正电性;从而可以吸附CO_(2)分子,这有助于在光催化CO_(2)还原反应中增加反应物的局部浓度;(3)N原子与Co6配合物中的活性位点Co原子配位,N原子吸附的CO_(2)接近Co活性位点,缩短了其传输路径,使其易于被还原;(4)Co6配合物中含有多个活性位点,催化过程中可能存在的协同催化作用使其具有较高的光催化CO_(2)RR活性.以[Ru(bpy)_(3)]^(2+)为光敏剂,TEOA为电子供体,Co6配合物最佳转化频率为503.3 h^(‒1),表观量子效率为0.81%.Co6配合物与[Ru(bpy)_(3)]^(2+)之间有效的电子转移提高了光敏剂的光生载流子分离效率,从而使该系统具有良好的光催化CO_(2)还原性能.j-V曲线、光辅助UV-vis曲线、稳态光致发光光谱和激光闪光光解实验证实了上述结论.控制实验、水解稳定性实验、硫氰酸钾(KSCN)毒化实验以及对反应前后催化剂元素比例的测定结果表明,Co6配合物在光催化CO_(2)还原反应过程中具有良好的稳定性.此外,通过KSCN毒化实验、Pourbaix图和密度泛函理论计算,进一步研究了Co6配合物光催化CO_(2)还原的反应机理.综上,基于对Co6配合物的研究发现,开发在光催化过程中具有协同作用的多核分子催化剂用于CO_(2)还原,是实现CO_(2)高效转化的策略之一.

钴基非均相催化剂在光催化水分解、二氧化碳还原和氮还原的研究进展与展望

利用大自然丰富的太阳能驱动水、二氧化碳或氮气转化为高附加值燃料(如H_(2),CO,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH或NH_(3)等),实现人工光合成,将储量丰富的太阳能转化为可利用的清洁化学能源,被认为是解决能源短缺和环境问题的关键技术之一,能够有效缓解能源危机和全球变暖,极具应用前景.因此,各种类型的光催化剂相继被开发出来,以满足光催化的需求.其中钴基多相催化剂是最有前途的光催化剂之一,它可以通过扩大光吸收范围、促进电荷分离、提供活性位点和降低反应能垒等途径有效提高光催化效率,为太阳能燃料转化利用开辟广阔的前景.本文首先介绍了光催化水分解、CO_(2)还原和N_(2)还原的基本原理.然后,总结了基于钴基催化剂的改性策略,包括形貌、晶面、结晶度、掺杂和表面修饰,重点讨论了钴基多相材料在水分解(产氢、产氧和全解水)、二氧化碳还原以及氮还原领域的光催化进展.最后,对钴基光催化剂当前面临的挑战和未来的发展作了展望和总结.提出了钴基光催化剂未来的一些研究方向.包括:(1)基于材料光催化体系的设计构建和构效关系研究,深入探索和探究催化活性位点,并对不同类型的活性规律进行整合,从而进一步理解水氧化、氢气生成、二氧化碳还原和氮还原的基本反应规律.(2)作为可持续能源研究的最终目标,应该更多地关注在不使用牺牲剂和外加偏压的情况下,有效地实现光催化全水分解、二氧化碳还原和氮还原.(3)尽快建立统一的光催化水分解、二氧化碳还原和氮还原的性能(活性、稳定性、表观量子效率和太阳制氢(或制氨)转换效率)评价标准.(4)发展原位表征技术来观察钴基光催化剂的界面电荷动力学以及真实的反应机理.综上,本综述能够为钴基和其他相关光催化材料的高效设计提供借鉴.

Optimal configuration of 5G base station energy storage considering sleep mechanism

The high-energy consumption and high construction density of 5G base stations have greatly increased the demand for backup energy storage batteries.To maximize overall benefits for the investors and operators of base station energy storage,we proposed a bi-level optimization model for the operation of the energy storage,and the planning of 5G base stations considering the sleep mechanism.A multi-base station cooperative system composed of 5G acer stations was considered as the research object,and the outer goal was to maximize the net profit over the complete life cycle of the energy storage.Furthermore,the power and capacity of the energy storage configuration were optimized.The inner goal included the sleep mechanism of the base station,and the optimization of the energy storage charging and discharging strategy,for minimizing the daily electricity expenditure of the 5G base station system.Additionally,genetic algorithm and mixed integer programming were used to solve the bi-level optimization model,analyze the numerical example test comparison of the three types of batteries and the net income of the configuration,and finally verify the validity of the model.Furthermore,the sleep mechanism,the charging and discharging strategy for energy consumption,and the economic benefits for the operators were investigated to provide reference for the 5G base station energy storage configuration.

Optimal configuration for photovoltaic storage system capacity in 5G base station microgrids

Base station operators deploy a large number of distributed photovoltaics to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high electricity costs of 5G base stations.In this study,the idle space of the base station’s energy storage is used to stabilize the photovoltaic output,and a photovoltaic storage system microgrid of a 5G base station is constructed.Aiming at the capacity planning problem of photovoltaic storage systems,a two-layer optimal configuration method is proposed.The inner layer optimization considers the energy sharing among the base station microgrids,combines the communication characteristics of the 5G base station and the backup power demand of the energy storage battery,and determines an economic scheduling strategy for each photovoltaic storage system with the goal of minimizing the daily operation cost of the base station microgrid.The outer model aims to minimize the annual average comprehensive revenue of the 5G base station microgrid,while considering peak clipping and valley filling,to optimize the photovoltaic storage system capacity.The CPLEX solver and a genetic algorithm were used to solve the two-layer models.Considering the construction of the 5G base station in a certain area as an example,the results showed that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of the 5G base station operators,but also reduce the peak load of the power grid and promote the local digestion of photovoltaic power.

Fuzzy Set-Membership Filtering for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems

In this article,the problem of state estimation is addressed for discrete-time nonlinear systems subject to additive unknown-but-bounded noises by using fuzzy set-membership filtering.First,an improved T-S fuzzy model is introduced to achieve highly accurate approximation via an affine model under each fuzzy rule.Then,compared to traditional prediction-based ones,two types of fuzzy set-membership filters are proposed to effectively improve filtering performance,where the structure of both filters consists of two parts:prediction and filtering.Under the locally Lipschitz continuous condition of membership functions,unknown membership values in the estimation error system can be treated as multiplicative noises with respect to the estimation error.Real-time recursive algorithms are given to find the minimal ellipsoid containing the true state.Finally,the proposed optimization approaches are validated via numerical simulations of a one-dimensional and a three-dimensional discrete-time nonlinear systems.

Association between diabetes mellitus,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,chronic viral hepatitis,and the risk of multiple myeloma:a case-control study

Objective This case-control study aimed to investigate whether diabetes mellitus(DM),hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and chronic viral hepatitis are risk factors for multiple myeloma(MM).Moreover,the clinical characteristics of MM patients with or without the abovementioned exposure factors were analyzed.Methods In total,340 MM patients and 680 patients with benign diseases who were hospitalized from January 2012 to December 2017 were classified under the case group and control group,respectively.Data about medical history of DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and chronic viral hepatitis were collected by reviewing medical records.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the history of DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and viral hepatitis between the two groups.Considering DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and chronic viral hepatitis as exposure factors,clinical characteristics,such as renal function and presence of fungal and other types of infections,between the exposed and nonexposed groups were analyzed.Results No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia between the case and control groups.MM patients had a higher prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis than those with benign diseases.No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of renal dysfunction,fungal infection,and non-fungal infections in MM patients with or without DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.MM patients with chronic viral hepatitis had a significantly higher prevalence of nonfungal infections during hospitalization than those without.Conclusion No significant association was noted between MM and DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.Chronic viral hepatitis is correlated to a significantly higher risk of MM,and MM patients with chronic viral hepatitis were more susceptible to non-fungal infections during hospitalization.Although a non-significant trend was observed in this study,we believe that DM and hypertension might be associated with a higher risk of MM.Thus,large-scale studies must be conducted to validate the results of the current study.

Calculation Method of Passive Residual Heat Removal Heat Exchanger and Numerical Simulation

The tube inside and outside heat transfer mechanism of Passive Residual Heat Removal Heat Exchanger (PRHR HX) was analyzed. The calculation method of this special heat exchanger under natural convection condition in In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST) was carried out. The single-tube coupling model three-dimensional natural circulation in the IRWST was simulated numerically using Fluent. The heat transfer and flow characteristics of the fluid in IRWST were obtained. The comparison of the results between theoretical arithmetic and numerical simulation showed that the theoretical calculation method is suitable for the heat transfer calculation of PRHR HX.

3D MoS_(2) foam integrated with carbon paper as binder-free anode for high performance sodium-ion batteries

Molybdenum sulfide(MoS_(2))with well-designed porous structure has the potential to be great electrode materials in sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and abundant resource,however,hindered by its intrinsic low conductivity and stability.Herein,MoS_(2) with 3 D macroporous foam structure and high conductivity was obtained through SiO_(2) templates and integrated with carbon paper(3 D FMoS_(2)/CP).It has showed superior specific capacity(225 m A h g^(-1),0.4–3 V)and cycling stability(1000 cycles)at high rate(2000 m A g^(-1)),with a low decay rate(0.033%per cycle)in sodium-ion batteries.The excellent electrochemical performance may originate from its unique integrated structure:3 D MoS_(2) macropores providing high surface area and abundant transfer channels while carbon paper enhancing the conductivity of MoS_(2) and avoiding unnecessary side reactions brought by binder addition.

IGIACP1 predicts the prognosis in multiple myeloma patients

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of acid phosphatase 1(ACP1) expression in myeloma patients by using Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) datasets.Methods A comprehensive search was performed in the GEO database in order to find appropriate datasets. The expression level of ACP1 was extracted from the dataset involving both newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma patients, and a comparison was made. Clinical follow-up data and ACP1 expression were extracted, and survival analysis of overall survival was performed to compare the high-(top quartile) and low-expression(bottom quartile) groups. Analyses using Kaplan-Meier estimation, log-rank test, and restricted mean survival time(RMST) comparison were performed.Results The GSE 6477 dataset was used to make a comparison of the ACP1 expression levels among patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma. The ACP1 expression level was significantly higher in the relapsed group than in the newly diagnosed group [mean difference =-262.9, 95% confidence interval(CI) =(-420.2,-105.5), P = 0.002]. The GSE 2658 dataset was used for investigating the prognostic relevance of ACP1 expression in myeloma. The ACP1 high-expression group had a significantly worse prognosis [low vs high: hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% CI =(0.31, 0.95); χ2 = 5.02, log rank P = 0.0314]. The median survival was 55.9 months in the high-expression group and was not reached in the low-expression group. The restricted mean time loss(95% CI) was 11.03(12.97, 23.11) and 18.04(12.97, 23.11) for the low-and high-expression groups, respectively. The ratio of RMST(95% CI) between the two groups(high vs low) was 0.87(0.77, 0.99; P = 0.03).Conclusion Our study, for the first time, showed that ACP1 predicts the prognosis in multiple myeloma patients. Further studies are needed to determine the potential mechanism by which ACP1 is associated with clinical outcomes and should focus on the differential roles of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase(LMWPTP) isoforms.

Review of the application of in-situ sensing techniques to address the tea growth characteristics from leaf to field

The tea plant is a valuable and evergreen crop that is extensively cultivated in China and many other countries.Currently,there is growing research interest in this plant.For the tea industry,it is crucial to develop rapid and non-invasive methods to evaluate tea plants in their natural environment.This article provides a comprehensive overview of non-invasive sensing techniques used for in-situ detection of tea plants.The topics covered include leaf,canopy,and field-level assessments,as well as statistical analysis techniques and characteristics specific to the research.Non-invasive testing technology is primarily used for monitoring and predicting tea pests and diseases,monitoring quality,and nutrients,determining tenderness and grade,identifying tea plant varieties,automatically detecting,and identifying tea buds,monitoring tea plant growth,and extracting tea garden areas through remote sensing.It also helps to evaluate planting suitability,assess disasters,and estimate yields.Additionally,the article examines the challenges and prospects of emerging techniques aimed at resolving the in-situ detection problem for tea plants.It can assist researchers and producers in comprehensively understanding the tea environment,quality characteristics,and growth process,thereby enhancing tea production quality,and fostering tea industry development.

Pipeline versus Tubridge in the treatment of unruptured posterior circulation aneurysms

Background To compare the safety and efficacy of pipeline embolization device(PED)and Tubridge flow diverter(TFD)for unruptured posterior circulation aneurysms.Methods Posterior aneurysm patients treated with PED or TFD between January,2019,and December,2021,were retrospectively reviewed.Patients’demographics,aneurysm characteristics,treatment details,complications,and follow-up information were collected.The procedural-related complications and angiographic and clinical outcome were compared.Results A total of 107 patients were involved;PED was applied for 55 patients and TFD for 52 patients.A total of 9(8.4%)procedural-related complications occurred,including 4(7.3%)in PED group and 5(9.6%)in TFD group.During a mean of 10.3-month angiographic follow-up for 81 patients,complete occlusion was achieved in 35(85.4%)patients in PED group and 30(75.0%)in TFD group.The occlusion rate of PED group is slightly higher than that of TFD group.A mean of 25.0-month clinical follow-up for 107 patients showed that favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 53(96.4%)patients in PED group and 50(96.2%)patients in TFD group,respectively.No statistical difference was found in terms of procedural-related complications(p=0.737),occlusion rate(p=0.241),and favorable clinical outcome(0.954)between groups.Conclusions The current study found no difference in complication,occlusion,and clinical outcome between PED and TFD for unruptured PCAs.

Aligning Fe_(2)O_(3)photo-sheets on TiO_(2)nanofibers with hydrophilic and aerophobic surface for boosting photoelectrochemical performance

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)nanomaterials are critical to producing clean oxygenation or value-added chemical production by utilizing sustainable solar energy,but are always limited by simultaneous integration of architectural engineering and electronic regulation in one structure.Directed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations and finite element analysis(FEA),the bioinspired ivy-like Fe_(2)O_(3)heterostructures with enriched oxygen defects on TiO_(2)nanofibers are designed for boosting PEC performances.Ivy-like Fe_(2)O_(3)photo-sheets remarkably enhanced the light harvesting by multiple light-mater interactions.The oxygen vacancies on Fe_(2)O_(3)photo-sheets could aid the photons catching and promote the reactivity at active sites.More importantly,demonstrated by a well-designed dynamic observation,the abundant tip-edges within ivy-like Fe_(2)O_(3)photo-sheets enabled the surface of heterostructure with hydrophilic and aerophobic properties.The functionalized surface allowed the rapid desorption of produced bubbles and thus ensured a high density of unoccupied active sites for electrolyte accessing.Featured by these attributes,the Fe_(2)O_(3)@TiO_(2)nanofibers delivered an excellent photocurrent of 40.8 mA/mg,high donor density(1.2×10^(18)cm^(−3)),and rapid oxygen production rate(1 mmol/(L∙h)).This work demonstrates a new strategy on nano-structural design for enhancing light-harvesting and making a hydrophilic/aerophobic surface on low-dimensional oxide nanomaterial,holding great potential on designing high-performance PEC devices for producing survival source gas,carbon-neutral fuel,and valuedchemicals.

Molecular confined synthesis of magnetic CoO_(x)/Co/C hybrid catalyst for photocatalytic water oxidation and CO_(2)reduction

Photosynthesis[6CO_(2)+12H_(2)O→(CH_(2)O)+6O_(2)+6H_(2)O]in nature contains a light reaction process for oxygen evolution and a dark reaction process for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction to carbohydrates,which is of great significance for the survival of living matter.Therefore,for simulating photosynthesis,it is desirable to design and fabricate a bifunctional catalyst for promoting photocatalytic water oxidation and CO_(2)reduction performances.Herein,a molecular confined synthesis strategy is reasonably proposed and applied,that is the bifunctional CoO_(x)/Co/C-T(T=700,800 and 900℃)photocatalysts prepared by the pyrolysis of molecular Co-EDTA under N_(2) and air atmosphere in turn.Among the prepared photocatalysts,the CoOx/Co/C-800 shows the best photocatalytic water oxidation activity with an oxygen yield of 51.2%.In addition,for CO_(2)reduction reaction,the CO evolution rate of 12.6μmol/h and selectivity of 75%can be achieved over this catalyst.The improved photocatalytic activities are attributed to the rapid electron transfer between the photosensitizer and the catalyst,which is strongly supported by the current densityvoltage G-V,steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra(PL).Overall,this work provides a reference for the preparation and optimization of photocatalysts with the capacity for water oxidation and CO_(2)reduction reactions.

A Novel Routing Method for Social Delay-Tolerant Networks

The lack of continuous connectivity and a complete path from source to destination makes node communication quite difficult in Delay-Tolerant Networks(DTNs). Most studies focus on routing problems in idealized network environments without considering social properties. Communication devices are carried by individuals in many DTNs; therefore, DTNs are unique social networks to some extent. To design efficient routing protocols for DTNs, it is important to analyze their social properties. In this paper, a more accurate and comprehensive metric for detecting the quality of the relationships between nodes is proposed, by considering the contact time, contact frequency, and contact regularity. An overlapping hierarchical community detection method is designed based on this new metric, and a tree structure is built. Furthermore, we exploit the overlapping community structure and the tree structure to provide message-forwarding paths from the source node to the destination node.The simulation results show that our Routing method based on Overlapping hierarchical Community Detection(ROCD) achieves better delivery rate than SimBet and Bubble Rap, the classic routing protocols, without affecting the average delay.

Coupling of Hierarchical Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) Nanofibers into 3D Photothermal Aerogels Toward Simultaneous Water Evaporation and Purification

Serious freshwater shortage and environmental pollution boost the rapid development of solar-driven water production.Although improved evaporation rate has achieved in recent years,undesirable impurity(e.g.,pollutant components)can also be inevitably evaporated and collected as impurity in produced freshwater.This work reports new ultra-light three-dimensional(3D)aerogels assembled by hierarchical Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers and reduced graphene oxide(RGO)for excit-ing synchronized solar-driven evaporation and water purification.Hydrophilic Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) fibrous channels linked up the graphene hot-spots and water body for sufficient water supply and bulk water insulation.Meanwhile,featured with thermal insulation effect,the Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers effectively locked the converted heat with less energy loss from sunlight.The introducing of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into RGO aerogel led to the effective interfacial evaporation for a more rapid water evaporation rate(2.19 kg·m−2·h−1,normalized to evaporation area including both top and side surface),which was 36%higher than that of pristine RGO aerogel.Moreover,simultaneous with the strong steam generation,Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers in situ removed the pollutants within steam by photodegradation,achieving polluted wastewater purification with high con-taminant removal ratio of 91.3%.Our work on coupling Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2) nanofibers into photothermal aerogel provides attractive solutions for the challenges of clean water scarcity and serious environmental pollution.

D2 lymphadenectomy with complete mesogastrium excision vs. conventional D2 gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer

Background: The complete mesogastrium excision (CME) based on D2 radical gastrectomy is believed to significantly reduce the local-regional recurrence compared with D2 radical gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer, and it is widely used in China. This study aimed to explore whether D2 + CME is superior to D2 on surgical outcomes during gastrectomy from Chinese data.Methods: Feasible studies comparing the D2 + CME (D2 + CME group) and D2 (D2 group) published up to March 2020 are searched from electronic databases. The data showing surgical and complication outcomes are extracted to be pooled and analyzed.Results: Fourteen records including 1352 patients were included. The D2 + CME group had a shorter mean operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -16.72 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -26.56 to - 6.87 min,P < 0.001), lower mean blood loss (WMD = -39.08 mL, 95% CI: -49.94 to -28.21 mL,P < 0.001), higher mean number of retrieved lymph nodes (WMD = 2.13, 95% CI: 0.58-3.67,P = 0.007), shorter time to first flatus (WMD =-0.31 d, 95% CI: -0.53 to - 0.10 d,P = 0.005), and postoperative hospital days (WMD =-1.09, 95% CI: -1.92 to -0.25,P = 0.010) than the D2 group. Subgroup analysis suggested that the advantages from the D2 + CME group were obvious in traditional open radical gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy, and distal gastrectomy compared with D2 group. The evaluations of post-operative complications showed that the patients who underwent D2 + CME had a lower incidence of post-operative complications than the patients who underwent D2 surgery alone (relative risk [RR] = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.87,P = 0.003). The D2 radical gastrectomy plus CME improved 3-year overall survival (OS) (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32,P = 0.020) and lowered the local recurrence rate (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94,P = 0.030). The patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery or total gastrectomy had more significant advantages compared between D2 + CME and D2 groups in 3-year OS.Conclusion: The data from China show that D2 radical gastrectomy plus CME are reliable procedures and safety compared to D2 radical gastrectomy with faster recovery, lower risk, and better prognosis.

Converting Escherichia coli MG1655 into a chemical overproducer through inactivating defense system against exogenous DNA

Escherichia coli strain K-12 MG1655 has been proposed as an appropriate host strain for industrial production.However,the direct application of this strain suffers from the transformation inefficiency and plasmid instability.Herein,we conducted genetic modifications at a serial of loci of MG1655 genome,generating a robust and universal host strain JW128 with higher transformation efficiency and plasmid stability that can be used to efficiently produce desired chemicals after introducing the corresponding synthetic pathways.Using JW128 as the host,the titer of isobutanol reached 5.76 g/L in shake-flask fermentation,and the titer of lycopene reached 1.91 g/L in test-tube fermentation,40-fold and 5-fold higher than that of original MG1655,respectively.These results demonstrated JW128 is a promising chassis for high-level production of value-added chemicals.

Cell-free microRNA-21: biomarker for intracranial aneurysm rupture

Background:Deregulation of miRNA-21 expression has been reported to be associated with vascular smooth muscle behavior and cytoskeletal stability.This study is aimed to investigate the density of serum miRNA-21 in patients with different phases of intracranial aneurysms(IAs)and explore its warning function for IA rupture.Methods:A total of 16 in 200 IA patients were selected and categorized into 4 groups based on the phase of IA.Microarray study was carried out using serum miRNA and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified.Another 24 samples from a cohort of 360 patients were added and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was performed on expanded sample size(n=40)for miRNA-21 validation.Potential gene targets of miRNA-21 were screened out from Gene Ontology(GO)database and literatures.Results:Microarray study identified 77 miRNAs with significantly different expression levels between experimental groups and the control group.RT-PCR assays validated significant downregulation of miRNA-21 in experimental groups,among which miRNA-21 expression level of daughter aneurysm group decreased the most.Bioinformatic analyses revealed that several target genes related with miRNA-21 may be involved in IA formation and rupture.Conclusions:This study suggested that miRNA-21 had a protective effect for intracranial vascular wall against remodeling and warning function for intracranial aneurysm rupture.Significant suppression of serum miRNA-21 in IA patients may provide diagnostic clues for aneurysm rupture and guide clinical intervention.

Role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of intracranial non- Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula

Background and purpose The safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment for non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula(NGPAVF)is inadequately known.The aim of this study is to explore the role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of NGPAVF.Materials and methods Patients with NGPAVF underwent endovascular treatment from January 2011 to November 2019 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed.Demographics,clinical information,treatment details and clinical outcomes were collected.Factors associated with clinical outcomes were statistically analysed.Results Twenty patients were included,with a total of 22(2 patients have 2 fistulas)lesions.A total of 25 procedures were performed and 5 patients underwent 2 procedures.Follow-up ranged from 3 to 84 months(mean=34.5 months).Thirteen(59.1%)lesions in 12(60.0%)patients acquired immediate occlusion after initial treatment(immediately occluded group)and follow-up confirmed the complete obliteration.A total of 17(77.3%)lesions in 15(75.0%)patients were cured at last follow-up.The maximal diameter of feeding arteries(p=0.04)and the maximal diameter of the varix(p=0.01)in immediately occluded group was smaller than non-immediately occluded group.The number of feeding artery(p=0.004)and the maximal diameter of the varix(p<0.001)were much smaller in curative group than non-curative group.Seven patients suffered procedure-related complications.No patients had an increased Modified Rankin Scale(mRS)and all patients had favourable clinical outcome(mRS≥2)at last follow-up.Conclusions Endovascular therapy plays an important role in curative treatment of NGPAVF.Patients with less feeding arteries and small varix may be easier to be cured by endovascular embolisation.