Role of chemokines in the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and their translational value in immunotherapy

The difficulty of early diagnosis,high tumor heterogeneity,and high recurrence and metastasis rates lead to an unsatisfactory treatment status for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC is a typical inflammation-driven tumor.Chronic inflammation allows nascent tumors to escape immunosurveillance.Chemokines are small,soluble,secreted proteins that can regulate the activation and trafficking of immune cells during inflammation.Several studies have shown that various chemokines with overarching functions disrupt the immune microenvironment during the initiation and progression of HCC.The dysregulated chemokine network in HCC contributes to multiple malignant processes,including angiogenesis,tumor proliferation,migration,invasion,tumor low response,and resistance to immune therapy.Here,we summarize the current studies focusing on the role of chemokines and their receptors in the HCC immune microenvironment,highlighting potential translational therapeutic uses for modulating the chemokine system in HCC.

Fast image recognition of transmission tower based on big data

Big data technology is more and more widely used in modern power systems.Efficient collection of big data such as equipment status,maintenance and grid operation in power systems,and data mining are the important research topics for big data application in smart grid.In this paper,the application of big data technology in fast image recognition of transmission towers which are obtained using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)by large range tilt photography are researched.A method that using fast region-based convolutional neural networks(Rcnn)convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding(Caffe)to get deep learning of the massive transmission tower image,extract the image characteristics of the tower,train the tower model,and quickly recognize transmission tower image to generate power lines is proposed.The case study shows that this method can be used in tree barrier modeling of transmission lines,which can replace artificial identification of transmission tower,to reduce the time required for tower identification and generating power line,and improve the efficiency of tree barrier modeling by around 14.2%.

Targeting lysosomes in human disease:from basic research to clinical applications

In recent years,accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis.Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases.In this review,we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas:cellular metabolism,cell proliferation and differentiation,immunity,and cell death.More importantly,we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases,the causes of these changes and dysfunction,and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease.Furthermore,we outlined currently available targeting strategies:(1)targeting lysosomal acidification;(2)targeting lysosomal cathepsins;(3)targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity;(4)targeting lysosomal calcium signaling;(5)targeting mTOR signaling;and(6)emerging potential targeting strategies.Moreover,we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials.By integrating basic research with clinical findings,we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.