Waist circumference cutoff points for Chinese adults with metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation

Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference(WC)cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Methods A total of 2,344 Beijing residents aged≥40 years were investigated.They answered questionnaires,received physical examinations,and underwent plasma glucose and lipid profile measurement.Those non-diabetic subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.All data were analyzed to calculate the appropriate WC cutoff points for central obesity reaching the diagonsis of MS.Results 1)Both in males and females,the triglyceride(TG),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)increased linearly with WC,and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)decreased linearly with WC(P<0.05).2)The prevalence of elevated TG,reduced HDL-C,elevated blood pressure,elevated FBG,or≥2 of these factors increased with WC(P<0.05).3)Based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and Youden index,the WC values for central obesity and for detecting BMI≥25 kg/m^(2) were about 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women.4)The odds ratio for the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors increased abruptly in men with WC≥90 cm and in women with WC≥80 cm.Conclusions The appropriate WC cutoff point for central obesity was determined to be 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of IDF.

Non-Orthogonal Transmission for User and Control Plane Split Architecture in 5G Systems and Beyond: Performance Analysis and Design Insights

In next generation networks,mobility management will be a critical issue due to dense base station(BS)deployment,for which user and control plane split architecture provides a promising solution.Jointly designing such architecture with nonorthogonal transmission brings in more flexibility to further improve system efficiency.This paper proposes a non-orthogonal transmission design for user and control plane split architecture.In this design,user equipments(UEs)will select the BS providing the strongest received signal to associate its data channel,but constantly connect its control channel to the nearest macro-cell BS(MBS).Upon non-orthogonal transmission,an MBS can multiplex data traffics and control signals on the same resource.Stochastic geometry based analysis is carried out to investigate outage probability,which extends its regular definition by jointly considering data and control channels,and then mobility-aware outage rate.Numerical results show that:1)The proposed split architecture alleviates the increase in handover rate for ultra dense networking,compared with conventional architecture.2)Non-orthogonal transmission outperforms traditional orthogonal transmission in the split architecture,because it is capable of accommodating more control channels.3)By carefully adjusting power levels,minimum outage probabilities can be reached for macrocell UEs in the proposed design.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaves by Orthogonal Experiment

In this study, by using mulberry leaves as raw materials, ultrasonic extraction process of total flavonoids from mulberry leaves was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the maximum yield of total flavonoids （6.1% ） was obtained from mulberry leaves with addition of 45 times the volume of water by ultrasonic extraction at 55 ℃ for three times, 55 min each. According to the verification test, the optimized technical process was reasonable and feasible with high stability.

伴小脑萎缩的PLA2G6基因相关早发性帕金森综合征3例

为探讨伴小脑萎缩的PLA2G6基因相关早发性帕金森综合征患者的临床特点, 文中报道了首都医科大学宣武医院住院的3例伴PLA2G6基因突变的早发性帕金森综合征患者的临床资料, 对比分析其临床表现、影像学特征及基因检测结果, 并复习相关文献。3例帕金森综合征患者除锥体外系症状外, 头颅磁共振成像均可见小脑萎缩, 全基因组测序显示PLA2G6基因杂合突变, 2例患者二代测序发现c.991G>T(p.D331Y)常见突变位点。本报道扩大了该病的临床表型谱, 有助于更好地认识此类疾病。