Sodium ion capacitors(SICs) have been considered as a kind of promising devices to achieve both high power and energy density. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high energy output at elevated power delivery ...Sodium ion capacitors(SICs) have been considered as a kind of promising devices to achieve both high power and energy density. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high energy output at elevated power delivery due to the poor rate capability of battery-type electrode materials and the kinetic mismatch with capacitor-type electrode materials. In this work, to fabricate SICs, P2-Na_(0.67)Co_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2(P2-NCM)was chosen as the battery-type cathode material, and a typical metal-organic framework(MOF) material,zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) derived carbon(ZDC) was utilized as the capacitor-type anode material. Due to the kinetic match and high-rate performance of both electrodes, the ZDC//P2-NCM SICs exhibited an energy output of 18.8 Wh kg^(-1) at a high power delivery of 12.75 kW kg^(-1).展开更多
Converting CO_(2) into high‐value fuels and chemicals by renewable‐electricitypowered electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CRR)is a viable approach toward carbon‐emissions‐neutral processes.Unlike the thermoc...Converting CO_(2) into high‐value fuels and chemicals by renewable‐electricitypowered electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CRR)is a viable approach toward carbon‐emissions‐neutral processes.Unlike the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2) at the solid‐gas interface,the CRR takes place at the three‐phase gas/solid/liquid interface near the electrode surface in aqueous solution,which leads to major challenges including the limited mass diffusion of CO_(2) reactant,competitive hydrogen evolution reaction,and poor product selectivity.Here we critically examine the various methods of surface and interface engineering of the electrocatalysts to optimize the microenvironment for CRR,which can address the above issues.The effective modification strategies for the gas transport,electrolyte composition,controlling intermediate states,and catalyst engineering are discussed.The key emphasis is made on the diverse atomic‐precision modifications to increase the local CO_(2) concentration,lower the energy barriers for CO_(2) activation,decrease the H2O coverage,and stabilize intermediates to effectively control the catalytic activity and selectivity.The perspectives on the challenges and outlook for the future applications of three‐phase interface engineering for CRR and other gasinvolving electrocatalytic reactions conclude the article.展开更多
Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal c...Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal cases of COVID-19 from 5 hospitals in Wuhan between December 30,2019 and March 12,2020.Methods:The demographic data,signs and symptoms,clinical course,comorbidities,laboratory findings,computed tomographic(CT)scans,treatments,and complications of the patients with fatal cases were retrieved from electronic medical records.Results:The median patient age was 69.5(interquartile range:63.0–77.25)years,and 80%of the patients were over 61 years.A total of 112(69.1%)patients were men.Hypertension(45.1%)was the most common comorbidity,while 59(36.4%)patients had no comorbidity.At admission,131(81.9%)patients had severe or critical COVID-19,whereas 39(18.1%)patients with hypertension or chronic lung disease had moderate COVID-19.In total,126(77.8%)patients received antiviral treatment,while 132(81.5%)patients received glucocorticoid treatment.A total of 116(71.6%)patients were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU),and 137(85.1%)patients received mechanical ventilation.Most patients received mechanical ventilation before ICU admission.Approximately 93.2%of the patients developed respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome.There were no significant differences in the inhospital survival time among the hospitals(P=0.14).Conclusion:Young patients with moderate COVID-19 without comorbidity at admission could also develop fatal outcomes.The in-hospital survival time of the fatal cases was similar among the hospitals of different levels in Wuhan.展开更多
基金supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (16PTSYJC00010 and 17JCZDJC37100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21773126)
文摘Sodium ion capacitors(SICs) have been considered as a kind of promising devices to achieve both high power and energy density. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high energy output at elevated power delivery due to the poor rate capability of battery-type electrode materials and the kinetic mismatch with capacitor-type electrode materials. In this work, to fabricate SICs, P2-Na_(0.67)Co_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2(P2-NCM)was chosen as the battery-type cathode material, and a typical metal-organic framework(MOF) material,zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) derived carbon(ZDC) was utilized as the capacitor-type anode material. Due to the kinetic match and high-rate performance of both electrodes, the ZDC//P2-NCM SICs exhibited an energy output of 18.8 Wh kg^(-1) at a high power delivery of 12.75 kW kg^(-1).
基金supported by the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Project programs (FL170100154,FT200100062,DP220102596 and DP190103472)the support from the Australian Government through the Research Training Program Scholarships。
基金Australian Research Council,Grant/Award Numbers:FL170100154,FT200100062,DP220102596,DP210100472,DP190103472。
文摘Converting CO_(2) into high‐value fuels and chemicals by renewable‐electricitypowered electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CRR)is a viable approach toward carbon‐emissions‐neutral processes.Unlike the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2) at the solid‐gas interface,the CRR takes place at the three‐phase gas/solid/liquid interface near the electrode surface in aqueous solution,which leads to major challenges including the limited mass diffusion of CO_(2) reactant,competitive hydrogen evolution reaction,and poor product selectivity.Here we critically examine the various methods of surface and interface engineering of the electrocatalysts to optimize the microenvironment for CRR,which can address the above issues.The effective modification strategies for the gas transport,electrolyte composition,controlling intermediate states,and catalyst engineering are discussed.The key emphasis is made on the diverse atomic‐precision modifications to increase the local CO_(2) concentration,lower the energy barriers for CO_(2) activation,decrease the H2O coverage,and stabilize intermediates to effectively control the catalytic activity and selectivity.The perspectives on the challenges and outlook for the future applications of three‐phase interface engineering for CRR and other gasinvolving electrocatalytic reactions conclude the article.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900097,81903401)the Emergency Response Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(2020FCA023)+3 种基金the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province of China(tsqn20161046)the Shandong Province Higher Educational Young and Innovation Technology Supporting Program(2019KJL004)the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019RC010)the Emergency Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center of Central China.
文摘Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal cases of COVID-19 from 5 hospitals in Wuhan between December 30,2019 and March 12,2020.Methods:The demographic data,signs and symptoms,clinical course,comorbidities,laboratory findings,computed tomographic(CT)scans,treatments,and complications of the patients with fatal cases were retrieved from electronic medical records.Results:The median patient age was 69.5(interquartile range:63.0–77.25)years,and 80%of the patients were over 61 years.A total of 112(69.1%)patients were men.Hypertension(45.1%)was the most common comorbidity,while 59(36.4%)patients had no comorbidity.At admission,131(81.9%)patients had severe or critical COVID-19,whereas 39(18.1%)patients with hypertension or chronic lung disease had moderate COVID-19.In total,126(77.8%)patients received antiviral treatment,while 132(81.5%)patients received glucocorticoid treatment.A total of 116(71.6%)patients were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU),and 137(85.1%)patients received mechanical ventilation.Most patients received mechanical ventilation before ICU admission.Approximately 93.2%of the patients developed respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome.There were no significant differences in the inhospital survival time among the hospitals(P=0.14).Conclusion:Young patients with moderate COVID-19 without comorbidity at admission could also develop fatal outcomes.The in-hospital survival time of the fatal cases was similar among the hospitals of different levels in Wuhan.
