Electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that integrates medical,biological,and engineering expertise to restore or regenerate the functionality of healthy tissues and organs.The three fundamental pillars of tissue engineering are scaffolds,cells,and biomolecules.Electrospun nanofibers have been successfully used as scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications because they are biomimetic of the natural,fibrous extracellular matrix(ECM)and contain a three-dimensional(3D)network of interconnected pores.In this review,we provide an overview of the electrospinning process,its principles,and the application of the resultant electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering.We first briefly introduce the electrospinning process and then cover its principles and standard equipment for biomaterial fabrication.Next,we highlight the most important and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers in tissue engineering,including skin,blood vessels,nerves,bone,cartilage,and tendon/ligament applications.Finally,we conclude with current advancements in the fabrication of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and their biomedical applications in emerging areas.

Multifunctional bioactive core-shell electrospun membrane capable to terminate inflammatory cycle and promote angiogenesis in diabetic wound

Diabetic wound(DW)healing is a major clinical challenge due to multifactorial complications leading to prolonged inflammation.Electrospun nanofibrous(NF)membranes,due to special structural features,are promising biomaterials capable to promote DW healing through the delivery of active agents in a controlled manner.Herein,we report a multifunctional composite NF membrane loaded with ZnO nanoparticles(NP)and oregano essential oil(OEO),employing a new loading strategy,capable to sustainedly co-deliver bioactive agents.Physicochemical characterization revealed the successful fabrication of loaded nanofibers with strong in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities.Furthermore,in vivo wound healing confirmed the potential of bioactive NF membranes in epithelialization and granulation tissue formation.The angiogenesis was greatly prompted by the bioactive NF membranes through expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Moreover,the proposed NF membrane successfully terminated the inflammatory cycle by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin6(IL-6)and matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9).In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the proposed NF membrane is a promising dressing material for the healing of DW.

Electrospinning:An emerging technology to construct polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds for diabetic wound healing

A chronic wound in diabetic patients is a major public health concern withsocioeconomic and clinical manifestations.The underlying medical condition of diabeticpatients deteriorates the wound through physiological,metabolic,molecular,and cellularpathologies.Consequently,a wound enters a vicious pathological inflammatory cycle.Many therapeutic approaches are in practice to manage diabetic wounds hence ensuringthe regeneration process.Polymer-based biomaterials have come up with hightherapeutic promises.Many efforts have been devoted,over the years,to build aneffective wound healing material using polymers.The electrospinning technique,although not new,has turned out to be one of the most effective strategies in buildingwound healing biomaterials due to the special structural advantages of electrospunnanofibers over the other formulations.In this review,careful integration of allelectrospinning approaches has been presented which will not only give an insight intothe current updates but also be helpful in the development of new therapeutic materialconsidering pathophysiological conditions of a diabetic wound.