抗生素类药品无菌检查方法研究进展

无菌检查法是无菌药品检查的法定检验方法,其中薄膜过滤法因易操作、风险低和准确度高等优点比直接接种法应用更广泛。无菌药品剂型种类繁多,其中抗生素类药品因品种结构多变、抑菌性强和抗菌谱广等因素,一直以来是建立无菌检查方法的难点。本文就薄膜过滤法中的溶解、过滤、冲洗和培养等4个关键步骤展开讨论,通过对已建立的13类47个品种共61个抗生素药品无菌检查方法的综述,探讨建立无菌检查方法的基本策略,并对无菌检查方法和结果的局限性进行讨论,以期为建立抗生素类无菌药品无菌检查方法及正确认识无菌检查结果提供思路和参考。

Advances of Synergistic Electrocatalysis Between Single Atoms and Nanoparticles/Clusters

Combining single atoms with clusters or nanoparticles is an emerging tactic to design efficient electrocatalysts.Both synergy effect and high atomic utilization of active sites in the composite catalysts result in enhanced electrocatalytic performance,simultaneously provide a radical analysis of the interrelationship between structure and activity.In this review,the recent advances of single-atomic site catalysts coupled with clusters or nanoparticles are emphasized.Firstly,the synthetic strategies,characterization,dynamics and types of single atoms coupled with clusters/nanoparticles are introduced,and then the key factors controlling the structure of the composite catalysts are discussed.Next,several clean energy catalytic reactions performed over the synergistic composite catalysts are illustrated.Eventually,the encountering challenges and recommendations for the future advancement of synergistic structure in energy-transformation electrocatalysis are outlined.

Subsoil tillage enhances wheat productivity,soil organic carbon and available nutrient status in dryland fields

Tillage practices during the fallow period benefit water storage and yield in dryland wheat crops.However,there is currently no clarity on the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and available nutrients to tillage practices within the growing season.This study evaluated the effects of three tillage practices(NT,no tillage;SS,subsoil tillage;DT,deep tillage)over five years on soil physicochemical properties.Soil samples at harvest stage from the fifth year were analyzed to determine the soil aggregate and aggregate-associated C and N fractions.The results indicated that SS and DT improved grain yield,straw biomass and straw carbon return of wheat compared with NT.In contrast to DT and NT,SS favored SOC and TN concentrations and stocks by increasing the soil organic carbon sequestration rate(SOCSR)and soil nitrogen sequestration rate(TNSR)in the 0-40 cm layer.Higher SOC levels under SS and NT were associated with greater aggregate-associated C fractions,while TN was positively associated with soluble organic nitrogen(SON).Compared with DT,the NT and SS treatments improved soil available nutrients in the 0-20 cm layer.These findings suggest that SS is an excellent practice for increasing soil carbon,nitrogen and nutrient availability in dryland wheat fields in North China.

Coupling effect of cement-stabilization and biopolymer-modification on the mechanical behavior of dredged sediment

Nowadays,biopolymer stabilization as a promising eco-friendly approach in soft ground improvement has attracted wide attentions.However,the feasibility of using biopolymer as a green additive of cementstabilized dredged sediment(CDS)with high water content is still unknown.In this study,guar gum(GG)and xanthan gum(XG)were adopted as typical biopolymers,and a series of unconfined compressive strength(UCS),splitting tensile strength(STS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical and microstructural properties of XG-and GG-modified CDSs considering several factors including biopolymer modification,binderesoil ratio and wateresolid ratio.Furthermore,the micro-mechanisms revealing the evolutions of mechanical properties of biopolymermodified CDS were analyzed.The results indicate that the addition of XG can effectively improve the strength of CDS,while the GG has a side effect.The XG content of 9%was recommended,which can improve the 7 d-and 28 d-UCSs by 196%and 51.8%,together with the 7 d-and 28 d-STSs by 118.3%and 42.2%,respectively.Increasing the binderesoil ratio or decreasing the wateresolid ratio significantly improved the strength gaining but aggravated the brittleness characteristics of CDS.Adding XG to CDS contributed to the formation of microstructure with more compactness and higher cementation degrees of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)-XG-stabilized DS(CXDS).The micro-mechanism models revealing the interactions of multiple media including OPC cementation,biopolymer film bonding and bridging effects inside CXDS were proposed.The key findings confirm the feasibility of XG modification as a green and high-efficiency mean for improving the mechanical properties of CDS.

超声空化在船舶与海洋工程中的应用

Biofouling on ships and offshore structures has always been a difficult problem to solve,which not only jeopardizes the structural strength but also brings great economic losses.Ultrasonic cavitation is expected to solve this problem due to its characteristics of no damage to structures and no pollution.Starting from the phenomenon and mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning,this paper introduces the application of ultrasonic cavitation in ship,pipeline and oil cleaning as well as ballast water treatment.By reviewing the existing studies,limitations such as insufficient ultrasonic parameter studies,lack of uniform cleanliness standards,and insufficient cavitation studies are summarized to provide traceable research ideas for improving ultrasonic cavitation technology and to guide the expansion and improvement of its applications.

An Investigation into the Performances of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer Synthesized with Kaolin

Cement-based materials are fundamental in the construction industry,and enhancing their properties is an ongoing challenge.The use of superabsorbent polymers(SAP)has gained significant attention as a possible way to improve the performance of cement-based materials due to their unique water-absorption and retention properties.This study investigates the multifaceted impact of kaolin intercalation-modified superabsorbent polymers(K-SAP)on the properties of cement mortar.The results show that K-SAP significantly affects the cement mortar’s rheological behavior,with distinct phases of water absorption and release,leading to changes in workability over time.Furthermore,K-SAP alters the hydration kinetics,delaying the exothermic peak of hydration and subsequently modifying the heat release kinetics.Notably,K-SAP effectively maintains a higher internal relative humidity within the mortar,reducing the autogenous shrinkage behavior.Moreover,K-SAP can have a beneficial effect on pore structure and this can be ascribed to the internal curing effect of released water from K-SAP.

Alcohol drinking triggered decrease of oxidative balance score is associated with high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive individuals:findings from NHANES 1999–2014

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is closely associated with hypertensive outcomes.The oxidative balance score(OBS)measures oxidative stress exposure from dietary and lifestyle elements.The objective of this study was to investigate the association between OBS and mortality in hypertensive patients.METHODS This study included 7823 hypertensive patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHA-NES)1999-2014.Several models,including Cox regression,restricted cubic splines(RCS),Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,subgroup,and sensitivity analyses,were exploited to investigate the relationship between OBS and the risk of mortality.RESULTS Controlling for all potential confounders,a significantly inverse association was observed between elevated OBS and all-cause[hazard ratio(HR)=0.90,95%CI:0.85-0.95]and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.75-0.95).With adjustment for covariates,significant associations between lifestyle OBS and mortality risks diminished,whereas associations between dietary OBS and these mortality risks remained robust(all-cause mortality:HR=0.91,95%CI:0.86-0.96;cardiovascular mortality:HR=0.85,95%CI:0.76-0.96).RCS demonstrated a linear relationship between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk(P_(nonlinear)=0.088 and P_(nonlinear)=0.447,respectively).Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the mortality rate was lower with a high OBS(P<0.001).The consistency of the association was demonstrated in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.RCS after stratification showed that among current drinkers,those with higher OBS had a lower risk of mortality compared with former or never drinkers.CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive individuals,there was a negative association between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Encouraging hypertensive individuals,especially those currently drinking,to maintain high levels of OBS may be beneficial in improving their prognosis.

Diabetes and susceptibility to COVID-19:Risk factors and preventive and therapeutic strategies

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectious diseases with high prevalence and increased severity.Here,we elucidated the possible factors for the increased vulnerability of diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the more severe COVID-19 illness.The worsened prognosis of patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes may be attributable to host receptor angiotensinconverting enzyme 2-assisted viral uptake.Moreover,insulin resistance is often associated with impaired mucosal and skin barrier integrity,resulting in microbiota dysbiosis,which increases susceptibility to viral infections.It may also be associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting from an impaired immune system in diabetics,inducing a cytokine storm and excessive inflammation.This review describes diabetes mellitus and its complications,explains the risk factors,such as disease characteristics and patient lifestyle,which may contribute to the high susceptibility of diabetic patients to COVID-19,and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-positive diabetic patients.

Urgent call for attention to diabetes-associated hospital infections

In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Zhao et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the importance of recognizing the risk indicators associated with diabetes mellitus(DM).Given the severe implications of healthcare-associated infections(HAIs)in hospitalized individuals-such as heightened mortality rates,prolonged hospitalizations,and increased costs-we focus on elucidating the connection between DM and nosocomial infections.Diabetic patients are susceptible to pathogenic bacterial invasion and subsequent infection,with some already harboring co-infections upon admission.Notably,DM is an important risk factor for nosocomial urinary tract infections and surgical site infections,which may indirectly affect the occurrence of nosocomial bloodstream infections,especially in patients with DM with poor glycemic control.Although evidence regarding the impact of DM on healthcare-associated pneumonias remains inconclusive,attention to this potential association is warranted.Hospitalized patients with DM should prioritize meticulous blood glucose management,adherence to standard operating procedures,hand hygiene practices,environmental disinfection,and rational use of drugs during hospitalization.Further studies are imperative to explore the main risk factors of HAIs in patients with DM,enabling the development of preventative measures and mitigating the occurrence of HAIs in these patients.

Virtual reality-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for the treatment of anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction:a randomised clinical trial

Background The presence of mental health conditions is pervasive in patients who experienced acute myocardial infarction(AMI),significantly disrupting their recovery.Providing timely and easily accessible psychological interventions using virtual reality-based cognitive-behavioural therapy(VR-CBT)could potentially improve both acute and long-term symptoms affecting their mental health.Aims We aim to examine the effectiveness of VR-CBT on anxiety symptoms in patients with AMI who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)during the acute stage of their illness.Methods In this single-blind randomised clinical trial,participants with anxiety symptoms who were admitted to the ICU due to AMI were continuously recruited from December 2022 to February 2023.Patients who were Han Chinese aged 18-75 years were randomly assigned(1:1)via block randomisation to either the VR-CBT group to receive VR-CBT in addition to standard mental health support,or the control group to receive standard mental health support only.VR-CBT consisted of four modules and was delivered at the bedside over a 1-week period.Assessments were done at baseline,immediately after treatment and at 3-month follow-up.The intention-to-treat analysis began in June 2023.The primary outcome measure was the changes in anxiety symptoms as assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A).Results Among 148 randomised participants,70 were assigned to the VR-CBT group and 78 to the control group.The 1-week VR-CBT intervention plus standard mental health support significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared with standard mental health support alone in terms of HAM-A scores at both post intervention(Cohen’s d=−1.27(95%confidence interval(CI):−1.64 to−0.90,p<0.001)and 3-month follow-up(Cohen’s d=−0.37(95%CI:−0.72 to−0.01,p=0.024).Of the 70 participants who received VR-CBT,62(88.6%)completed the entire intervention.Cybersickness was the main reported adverse event(n=5).Conclusions Our results indicate that VR-CBT can significantly reduce post-AMI anxiety at the acute stage of the illness;the improvement was maintained at the 3-month follow-up.Trial registration number The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn with the identifier:ChiCTR2200066435.

Clinical application value of long non-coding RNAs signatures of genomic instability in predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents challenges due to its high recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognosis.While current clinical diagnostic and prognostic indicators exist,their accuracy remains imperfect due to their biol-ogical complexity.Therefore,there is a quest to identify improved biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.By combining long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and somatic mutations,Duan et al identified five representative lncRNAs from 88 lncRNAs related to genomic instability(GI),forming a GI-derived lncRNA signature(LncSig).This signature outperforms previously re-ported LncSig and TP53 mutations in predicting HCC prognosis.In this editorial,we comprehensively evaluate the clinical application value of such prognostic evaluation model based on sequencing technology in terms of cost,time,and practicability.Additionally,we provide an overview of various prognostic models for HCC,aiding in a comprehensive understanding of research progress in pro-gnostic evaluation methods.

Influencing factors and preventive measures of infectious complications after intestinal resection for Crohn’s disease

The incidence of Crohn’s disease(CD)has increased in recent years,with most patients requiring intestinal resection.Complications after intestinal resection for CD can lead to poor prognosis and recurrence,among which infectious complic-ations are the most common.This study aimed to investigate the common risk factors,including medications,preoperative nutritional status,surgery-related factors,microorganisms,lesion location and type,and so forth,causing infectious complications after intestinal resection for CD,and to propose corresponding preventive measures.The findings provided guidance for identifying suscept-ibility factors and the early intervention and prevention of infectious complic-ations after intestinal resection for CD in clinical practice.

英国学位学徒制的发展概说、实践路径及启示

持续推进学徒制建设是各国提升技能型人才培养的重要途径。目前,英国形成了涵盖中级学徒制、高级学徒制、高等学徒制以及学位学徒制四个层级的学徒制体系。学位学徒制项目的出现既拉长了技能人才培养的链条,又实现了与普通高等教育的等值融通。英国还设立专门法律法规保障学徒制发展、开发学徒标准体系提升人才培养质量、构建工学一体的课程体系促进理实融合。借鉴英国经验,我国要完善制度体系建设,为学徒制营造良好发展环境,提升现代学徒制文化认同,改革现代学徒制评价体系。

5W传播模式下诗歌类公众号“为你读诗”的传播策略探究

目的:随着经济社会的不断发展,大众对中外文化的展示与诠释有了新的期待。文化类公众号作为用户获取知识、放松心情的途径,依托微信的庞大体量,拥有广泛的用户基础和广阔的发展前景。文章以诗歌类公众号“为你读诗”为例,为同类型公众号提供可参考的传播策略。方法:基于拉斯韦尔的5W传播模式,结合诗歌类公众号“为你读诗”的传播实践,对传播者、传播内容、传播渠道、传播受众、传播效果5个要素展开文本分析。结果:“为你读诗”公众号在传播活动的不同环节均有创新尝试,符合诗歌传播规律和用户使用习惯,具有借鉴意义。结论:从5W传播模式出发,在传播者的选择上,诗歌类公众号应注重多元化,重视潜在传播者,营造诗意空间;在传播内容上,要深耕核心价值,注重推文标题,把握时间节点,进行创新尝试;在传播渠道上,要建立媒体矩阵,多平台同步放送,线上线下相结合;在传播受众上,要充分利用共情传播和仪式传播,探寻受众心理,了解其使用习惯;在效果分析阶段,应重视用户反馈,做好价值传递。

Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

Shuganheweitang Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Involvement of Amino Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Energy Metabolism

Background: Depression is a typical psychosomatic disease. Shuganheweitang (SGHWT) is a clinical formula that effectively treats depression. However, the potential mechanism used by SGHWT to ameliorate depression-like behaviors is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of SGHWT on metabolic change in the liver and hypothalamus with signaling pathways involved in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in rats to explore the mechanism of the anti-depressive effect. Methods: A total of 52 rats were used to create a model of depression by CUMS combined with solitary rearing for 6 weeks. Open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), and body weight (BW) were performed to analyze the pharmacodynamic effects of SGHWT. H&E staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Untargeted metabolomics techniques by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) were used to analyze all the metabolic differences in the liver and hypothalamus. Results: SGHWT improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in vivo. SGHWT reduced hepatic c-Fos protein expression and increased hypothalamic c-Fos protein expression. Moreover, p-PI3K, p-AKT473, p-AKT308, and p-mTOR protein expressions were significantly downregulated in the liver and hypothalamus of CUMS rats. Notably, these alterations were reversed by the SGHWT administration. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis identified 15 and 5 key differential SPT-associated metabolites in the liver and hypothalamus, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that SGHWT ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors, by the involvement of amino acids, glycerophospholipids, energy metabolism, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Highlights: 1) Shuganheweitang was derived from the TCM herbal formula Sinisan. 2) SGHWT treatment reverses depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats. 3) The mechanism of SGHWT on depression by the liver and hypothalamus metabolomics. 4) SGHWT regulates amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and energy metabolism. 5) SGHWT exerts antidepressant effects through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Li-richening strategy in Li_(2)ZrCl_(6) lattice towards enhanced ionic conductivity

All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs) with solid-state electrolytes(SSEs) are exciting candidates for nextgeneration energy storage and receive considerable attention owing to their reliability. Halide SSEs are promising candidates due to their excellent stability against 4 V-class layered cathodes. Compared with Li3InCl6or Li_(3)ScCl_(6), the low ionic conductivity of Li_(2)ZrCl_(6)(LZC) is a challenge despite its low raw-material cost. Herein, we report a family of Li-Richened chloride, Li_(2+2x)Zr_(1–x)MxCl_(6), which can be used in highperformance ASSLBs owing to its high ionic conductivity(up to 0.62 mS cm^(-1)). The theoretical(ab initio molecular dynamics simulations) and experimental results prove that the strategy of aliovalent substitution with divalent metals to obtain Li-Richened LZC is effective in improving Li^(+)conductivity in SSEs. By combining Li_(2.1)Zr_(0.95)Mg_(0.05)Cl_(6)(Mg5-LZC) with a Li–In anode and a LiCoO_(2)cathode, a room-temperature ASSLBs with excellent long-term cycling stability(88% capacity retention at 0.3C for 100 cycles) and highrate capability(121 m A h g^(-1)at 1C) is reported. This exploratory work sheds light on improving the Li^(+)conductivity of low-cost LZC-family SSEs for constructing high performance ASSLBs.

含活性羧基不同软段长度聚醚砜酰胺树脂制备及性能

以不同长度的长链醚胺与对氟苯甲酰氯为原料,通过界面亲电取代反应合成了3种双氟取代的长链醚胺,并采用常压溶液缩聚法,将其与联苯二酚、4,4'-二氯二苯砜及2-(双(4-羟基苯基)甲基)苯甲酸通过共聚的方式,制备了一系列新型不同脂肪链段长度及含量的聚芳醚酰胺树脂。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了单体及聚合物的化学结构;差示扫描量热分析、动态力学热分析和热重分析结果表明所制备的聚合物具有优异的热性能,并且能够通过改变分子链段中软段的种类及共聚比例,对热性能进行一定程度的调整(玻璃化转变温度在83.9~215.3℃之间,热分解温度在361.3~426.3℃之间);通过拉伸实验对其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进行了表征;摩擦学性能测试表明该系列聚合物摩擦系数为0.50~0.60。该类聚合物具有优良的热性能、力学性能及摩擦性能,可望作为特殊树脂材料用于高温、耐磨苛刻环境。

Element doping induced microstructural engineering enhancing the lithium storage performance of high-nickel layered cathodes

The high-nickel layered cathodes Li[Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)]O_(2)(x≥0.8)with high specific capacity and long cycle life are considered as prospective cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.However,the microcrack formation and poor structural stability give rise to inferior rate performance and undesirable cycling life.Herein,we propose a dual modification strategy combining primary particle structure design and element doping to modify Li[Ni_(0.95)Co_(0.025)Mn_(0.025)]O_(2) cathode by tungsten and fluorine co-doped(W-F-NCM95).The doping of W can convert the microstructure of primary particles to the unique rod-like shape,which is beneficial to enhance the reversibility of phase transition and alleviate the generation of microcracks.F doping is conducive to alleviating the surface side reactions.Thus,due to the synergistic effect of W,F codoping,the obtained W-F-NCM95 cathodes deliver a high initial capacity of 236.1 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 C and superior capacity retention of 88.7%over 100 cycles at 0.5 C.Moreover,the capacity still maintains73.8%after 500 cycles at 0.5 C and the texture of primary particle is intact.This work provides an available strategy by W and F co-doping to enhance the electrochemistry performance of high-nickel cathodes for practical application.

Recent Advances of Electrocatalyst and Cell Design for Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Electrochemical synthesis of H_(2)O_(2) via a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current energy-consuming anthraquinone process. Herein, the progress on electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) generation, including noble metal, transition metalbased, and carbon-based materials, is summarized. At first, the design strategies employed to obtain electrocatalysts with high electroactivity and high selectivity are highlighted. Then, the critical roles of the geometry of the electrodes and the type of reactor in striking a balance to boost the H_(2)O_(2) selectivity and reaction rate are systematically discussed. After that, a potential strategy to combine the complementary properties of the catalysts and the reactor for optimal selectivity and overall yield is illustrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities for highefficient H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical production are highlighted for future studies.