目的评价3种药物与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),即红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对海洋发光菌的毒性。方法根据预试验的结果将红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯分别配制成不同浓度,...目的评价3种药物与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),即红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对海洋发光菌的毒性。方法根据预试验的结果将红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯分别配制成不同浓度,以3%NaCl溶液作为空白对照,加入明亮发光杆菌T3变种,分别用生物毒性测试仪测试样品和空白对照的发光度,计算发光损失率,数据用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果样品发光度值分别随着红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯浓度的增加而降低,而发光损失率则分别随着3种PPCPs浓度的增加而增高,发光菌的发光损失率分别与3种PPCPs的浓度间呈线性回归关系(P<0.001),拟合的红霉素毒性回归方程为Y=13.25+47.38X(R=0.933),乙酰螺旋霉素的毒性回归方程为Y=6.24+80.33X(R=0.956),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯毒性回归方程为Y=6.32+38.18X(R=0.952),3种PPCPs对发光菌的毒性各不相同,红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的EC50值分别为0.78×10-3mol/L、0.54×10-3mol/L和1.14×10-5mol/L。结论利用发光菌对3种PPCPs进行毒性评价显示发光菌的发光抑制率与毒物浓度间呈较好的线性回归关系,通过EC50值可以为判定3种PPCPs毒性强弱提供参考。展开更多
Background Currently it is unclear whether lipid accumulation occurs in a particular sequence and its relationship with whole body insulin resistance （IR）. This study aimed to answer this question.Methods Male Sprag...Background Currently it is unclear whether lipid accumulation occurs in a particular sequence and its relationship with whole body insulin resistance （IR）. This study aimed to answer this question.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were fed on a normal or a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. Serum triglycerides （TG）, serum free fatty acids （FFA）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, and liver and skeletal muscle TG were measured. The glucose infusion rate （GIR） and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACC） and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 （CPT-1） in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined at different stages.Results Compared with rats fed on the normal diet, serum FFA was not significantly increased in rats fed on the high-fat diet until 20 weeks. In contrast, liver TG was significantly increased by the high-fat diet by four weeks （20-fold; P ＜0.01）,and remained elevated until the end of the study. However, skeletal muscle TG was not significantly increased by the high-fat diet until 20 weeks （10.6-fold; P＜0.01）, and neither was the FPG. The GIR was significantly reduced （1.6-fold; P ＜0.01） by the high-fat diet after 8 weeks. The mRNA levels of ACC gradually increased over time and CPT-1 decreased over time, in both the liver and skeletal muscle in rats fed the high-fat diet.Conclusions Lipid accumulation in the liver occurs earlier than lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Fatty liver may be one of the early markers of whole body IR. Changes in the gene expression levels of ACC and CPT-1 may have important roles in the process of IR development.展开更多
Background The association between IGF2BP2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been repeatedly confirmed among different ethnic populations. However, in several genome-wide association studies （GWAS） from the ...Background The association between IGF2BP2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been repeatedly confirmed among different ethnic populations. However, in several genome-wide association studies （GWAS） from the Chinese Han population, the gene IGF2BP2 has not been replicated. The results of relevant studies for the association between IGF2BP2 and T2DM showed controversy in Chinese Han population. It is necessary to systematically evaluate the contribution of common variants in IGF2BP2 to T2DM in Chinese Han population.展开更多
Background Uncoupling protein （UCP） 2 is related to the dysfunction of beta cells induced by fatty acids. However,whether UCP2 has similar effects on alpha cell is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate th...Background Uncoupling protein （UCP） 2 is related to the dysfunction of beta cells induced by fatty acids. However,whether UCP2 has similar effects on alpha cell is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UCP2 and its possible mechanisms in lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction of pancreatic alpha cells.Methods The alpha TC1-6 cells were used in this study to evaluate the effects of palmitate and/or UCP2 inhibit factors on the glucagon secretory function, glucagon content, the glucagon mRNA level and the nitrotyrosine level in the supernatant. Meantime, the expression levels of UCP2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1 alpha） were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting. Furthermore, the possible relationship between UCP2 and insulin signal transduction pathway was analyzed.Results Palmitate stimulated alpha cell glucagon secretion and the expression of UCP2 and PGC-1 alpha, which could be partially decreased by the inhibition of UCP2. Palmitate increased nitrotyrosine level and suppressed insulin signal transduction pathway in alpha cells. Inhibition of UCP2 influenced the effects of free fatty acid on alpha cells and may relate to glucagon secretion.Conclusion UCP2 played an important role on alpha cell dysfunction induced by free fatty acid in vitro, which may be related to its effects on oxidative stress and insulin signal transduction pathway.展开更多
文摘目的评价3种药物与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),即红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对海洋发光菌的毒性。方法根据预试验的结果将红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯分别配制成不同浓度,以3%NaCl溶液作为空白对照,加入明亮发光杆菌T3变种,分别用生物毒性测试仪测试样品和空白对照的发光度,计算发光损失率,数据用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果样品发光度值分别随着红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯浓度的增加而降低,而发光损失率则分别随着3种PPCPs浓度的增加而增高,发光菌的发光损失率分别与3种PPCPs的浓度间呈线性回归关系(P<0.001),拟合的红霉素毒性回归方程为Y=13.25+47.38X(R=0.933),乙酰螺旋霉素的毒性回归方程为Y=6.24+80.33X(R=0.956),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯毒性回归方程为Y=6.32+38.18X(R=0.952),3种PPCPs对发光菌的毒性各不相同,红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的EC50值分别为0.78×10-3mol/L、0.54×10-3mol/L和1.14×10-5mol/L。结论利用发光菌对3种PPCPs进行毒性评价显示发光菌的发光抑制率与毒物浓度间呈较好的线性回归关系,通过EC50值可以为判定3种PPCPs毒性强弱提供参考。
基金This research was partly supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30670995）.
文摘Background Currently it is unclear whether lipid accumulation occurs in a particular sequence and its relationship with whole body insulin resistance （IR）. This study aimed to answer this question.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were fed on a normal or a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. Serum triglycerides （TG）, serum free fatty acids （FFA）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, and liver and skeletal muscle TG were measured. The glucose infusion rate （GIR） and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACC） and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 （CPT-1） in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined at different stages.Results Compared with rats fed on the normal diet, serum FFA was not significantly increased in rats fed on the high-fat diet until 20 weeks. In contrast, liver TG was significantly increased by the high-fat diet by four weeks （20-fold; P ＜0.01）,and remained elevated until the end of the study. However, skeletal muscle TG was not significantly increased by the high-fat diet until 20 weeks （10.6-fold; P＜0.01）, and neither was the FPG. The GIR was significantly reduced （1.6-fold; P ＜0.01） by the high-fat diet after 8 weeks. The mRNA levels of ACC gradually increased over time and CPT-1 decreased over time, in both the liver and skeletal muscle in rats fed the high-fat diet.Conclusions Lipid accumulation in the liver occurs earlier than lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Fatty liver may be one of the early markers of whole body IR. Changes in the gene expression levels of ACC and CPT-1 may have important roles in the process of IR development.
文摘Background The association between IGF2BP2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been repeatedly confirmed among different ethnic populations. However, in several genome-wide association studies （GWAS） from the Chinese Han population, the gene IGF2BP2 has not been replicated. The results of relevant studies for the association between IGF2BP2 and T2DM showed controversy in Chinese Han population. It is necessary to systematically evaluate the contribution of common variants in IGF2BP2 to T2DM in Chinese Han population.
文摘Background Uncoupling protein （UCP） 2 is related to the dysfunction of beta cells induced by fatty acids. However,whether UCP2 has similar effects on alpha cell is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UCP2 and its possible mechanisms in lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction of pancreatic alpha cells.Methods The alpha TC1-6 cells were used in this study to evaluate the effects of palmitate and/or UCP2 inhibit factors on the glucagon secretory function, glucagon content, the glucagon mRNA level and the nitrotyrosine level in the supernatant. Meantime, the expression levels of UCP2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1 alpha） were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting. Furthermore, the possible relationship between UCP2 and insulin signal transduction pathway was analyzed.Results Palmitate stimulated alpha cell glucagon secretion and the expression of UCP2 and PGC-1 alpha, which could be partially decreased by the inhibition of UCP2. Palmitate increased nitrotyrosine level and suppressed insulin signal transduction pathway in alpha cells. Inhibition of UCP2 influenced the effects of free fatty acid on alpha cells and may relate to glucagon secretion.Conclusion UCP2 played an important role on alpha cell dysfunction induced by free fatty acid in vitro, which may be related to its effects on oxidative stress and insulin signal transduction pathway.
