Fluorinated surfactants and fluorinated functional materials were introduced. Their fundamental concept, classification and structure, major physicochemical properties, industrial production methods, as well as applic...Fluorinated surfactants and fluorinated functional materials were introduced. Their fundamental concept, classification and structure, major physicochemical properties, industrial production methods, as well as applications in industrial and high technological fields were summarized. Their current environmental problems and the countermeasures in this field were also briefed.展开更多
The environmental and safety issues of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/ perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) were introduced in detail by summarizing several published reviews, including t...The environmental and safety issues of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/ perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) were introduced in detail by summarizing several published reviews, including their production, occurrence and emission in environment, exposure and intake to human being, supervision and emission reduction, long-distance transport, bioaccumulation and excretion, degradation and toxicity. Opinion with respect to safety issues of PFOS was also proposed in view of surfactant working field in order to upgrade their application value. The overreaction in the current state for the fear of “fluorine” was concerned. For fire-fighting foams, the issue of “safety” needs to be critically weighed.展开更多
Fluorinated alkyl substances are irreplaceable in many fields because of the special properties of fluorocarbon chains.Many efforts have been made to solve the historic problems of PFOS.In this paper,several strategie...Fluorinated alkyl substances are irreplaceable in many fields because of the special properties of fluorocarbon chains.Many efforts have been made to solve the historic problems of PFOS.In this paper,several strategies were discussed,including the possibilities in the methods of degradation,separation,recycling use,and reducing the using concentration.The most reliable one is to obtain replacement products of PFOS.Several kinds of replacement products were introduced and their feasibility of application was also discussed.展开更多
As surfactant researchers, we have discussed the current problems of PFOS in China from our personal standpoint. The difficulties in both elimination and investigation on PFOS are analyzed. The production, application...As surfactant researchers, we have discussed the current problems of PFOS in China from our personal standpoint. The difficulties in both elimination and investigation on PFOS are analyzed. The production, application, biodegradation and regulation for some other important fluorinated alkylated substances are also briefly introduced. Finally, the objective and tasks for surfactant researchers are pointed out.展开更多
The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C_7F_(15)COO^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) and C_8F_(17)SO_3^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x)(x=0, 1,2, 3) were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl ...The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C_7F_(15)COO^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) and C_8F_(17)SO_3^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x)(x=0, 1,2, 3) were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl groups in organic ammonium counterions on the properties of perfluorooctanoates and perfluorooctanesulfonates. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the surface tension at cmc (γ_(cmc)) were both increased with the increase of number of hydroxyl groups (x) in the two series. The perfluorooctanesulfonate had smaller cmc but higherγ_(cmc) than perfluorooctanoate with the same counterion. The minimum molecular area of surface adsorption (A_(min)) of C_8F_(17)SO_3^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) were 0.64, 0.57, 0.63 and 0.72 nm^2 while the A_(min) values of C_7F_(15)COO^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) were 0.61, 0.62, 0.61 and 0.71 nm_2 when x=0, 1, 2 and 3,respectively. For the investigated systems of surfactants, the results of foam expansion ratio agreed with those of surface activity, while the 25% drainage time were consistent with the results of viscosity.展开更多
文摘Fluorinated surfactants and fluorinated functional materials were introduced. Their fundamental concept, classification and structure, major physicochemical properties, industrial production methods, as well as applications in industrial and high technological fields were summarized. Their current environmental problems and the countermeasures in this field were also briefed.
文摘The environmental and safety issues of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/ perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) were introduced in detail by summarizing several published reviews, including their production, occurrence and emission in environment, exposure and intake to human being, supervision and emission reduction, long-distance transport, bioaccumulation and excretion, degradation and toxicity. Opinion with respect to safety issues of PFOS was also proposed in view of surfactant working field in order to upgrade their application value. The overreaction in the current state for the fear of “fluorine” was concerned. For fire-fighting foams, the issue of “safety” needs to be critically weighed.
文摘Fluorinated alkyl substances are irreplaceable in many fields because of the special properties of fluorocarbon chains.Many efforts have been made to solve the historic problems of PFOS.In this paper,several strategies were discussed,including the possibilities in the methods of degradation,separation,recycling use,and reducing the using concentration.The most reliable one is to obtain replacement products of PFOS.Several kinds of replacement products were introduced and their feasibility of application was also discussed.
文摘As surfactant researchers, we have discussed the current problems of PFOS in China from our personal standpoint. The difficulties in both elimination and investigation on PFOS are analyzed. The production, application, biodegradation and regulation for some other important fluorinated alkylated substances are also briefly introduced. Finally, the objective and tasks for surfactant researchers are pointed out.
基金supported by the Applied Chemistry Key Subject of Gansu Province (No. GSACKS20130113)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Project of Longdong University (No.XYZK1512, No.XYZK1511)
文摘The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C_7F_(15)COO^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) and C_8F_(17)SO_3^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x)(x=0, 1,2, 3) were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl groups in organic ammonium counterions on the properties of perfluorooctanoates and perfluorooctanesulfonates. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the surface tension at cmc (γ_(cmc)) were both increased with the increase of number of hydroxyl groups (x) in the two series. The perfluorooctanesulfonate had smaller cmc but higherγ_(cmc) than perfluorooctanoate with the same counterion. The minimum molecular area of surface adsorption (A_(min)) of C_8F_(17)SO_3^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) were 0.64, 0.57, 0.63 and 0.72 nm^2 while the A_(min) values of C_7F_(15)COO^-N^+H(C_2H_4OH)_x(C_2H_5)_(3-x) were 0.61, 0.62, 0.61 and 0.71 nm_2 when x=0, 1, 2 and 3,respectively. For the investigated systems of surfactants, the results of foam expansion ratio agreed with those of surface activity, while the 25% drainage time were consistent with the results of viscosity.
