A cold cloud assimilation scheme was developed that fully considers the water substances,i.e.,water vapor,cloud water,rain,ice,snow,and graupel,based on the single-moment WSM6 microphysical scheme and four-dimensional...A cold cloud assimilation scheme was developed that fully considers the water substances,i.e.,water vapor,cloud water,rain,ice,snow,and graupel,based on the single-moment WSM6 microphysical scheme and four-dimensional variational(4D-Var)data assimilation in the Weather Research and Forecasting data assimilation(WRFDA)system.The verification of the regularized WSM6 and its tangent linearity model(TLM)and adjoint mode model(ADM)was proven successful.Two groups of single observation and real sounding data assimilation experiments were set up to further verify the correctness of the assimilation scheme.The results showed that the consideration of ice,snow,and graupel in the assimilation system of the 4D-Var,as opposed to their omission in the warm rain Kessler scheme,allowed the water substances to be reasonably updated,further improving the forecast.Before it can be further applied in the assimilation of observational data,radar reflectivities,and satellite radiances,the cold cloud assimilation scheme needs additional verification,including using conventional ground and sounding observations in the 4D-Var assimilation system.展开更多
小整合膜蛋白1(small integral membrane protein 1,SMIM1)基因编码Vel血型抗原,其外显子3中17个碱基对纯合缺失导致Vel抗原阴性。Vel阴性是稀有表型,对其准确鉴定对预防输血反应尤为重要。SMIM1蛋白除作为Vel血型抗原外,近年来生物信...小整合膜蛋白1(small integral membrane protein 1,SMIM1)基因编码Vel血型抗原,其外显子3中17个碱基对纯合缺失导致Vel抗原阴性。Vel阴性是稀有表型,对其准确鉴定对预防输血反应尤为重要。SMIM1蛋白除作为Vel血型抗原外,近年来生物信息学分析提示SMIM1可能是1种新的肿瘤标志物,参与众多肿瘤的发生发展。由于SMIM1蛋白与糖蛋白有类似结构,且在感染恶性疟原虫的红细胞中被磷酸化,推测SMIM1蛋白可能参与了疟疾的发展。因此,本文就近年来SMIM1和其编码蛋白在Vel血型、肿瘤和疟原虫感染方面的相关研究做一综述。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2018YFC1507302 and 2018YFC1506803National Natural Science Foundation of China No.42275171+1 种基金the Liaoning Province Key R&D Program of Liaoning of China under Grant No.2020JH2/10300091the Bohai Rim Meteorological Science Collaborative Innovation Fund under Grant No.QYXM201901.
文摘A cold cloud assimilation scheme was developed that fully considers the water substances,i.e.,water vapor,cloud water,rain,ice,snow,and graupel,based on the single-moment WSM6 microphysical scheme and four-dimensional variational(4D-Var)data assimilation in the Weather Research and Forecasting data assimilation(WRFDA)system.The verification of the regularized WSM6 and its tangent linearity model(TLM)and adjoint mode model(ADM)was proven successful.Two groups of single observation and real sounding data assimilation experiments were set up to further verify the correctness of the assimilation scheme.The results showed that the consideration of ice,snow,and graupel in the assimilation system of the 4D-Var,as opposed to their omission in the warm rain Kessler scheme,allowed the water substances to be reasonably updated,further improving the forecast.Before it can be further applied in the assimilation of observational data,radar reflectivities,and satellite radiances,the cold cloud assimilation scheme needs additional verification,including using conventional ground and sounding observations in the 4D-Var assimilation system.
文摘小整合膜蛋白1(small integral membrane protein 1,SMIM1)基因编码Vel血型抗原,其外显子3中17个碱基对纯合缺失导致Vel抗原阴性。Vel阴性是稀有表型,对其准确鉴定对预防输血反应尤为重要。SMIM1蛋白除作为Vel血型抗原外,近年来生物信息学分析提示SMIM1可能是1种新的肿瘤标志物,参与众多肿瘤的发生发展。由于SMIM1蛋白与糖蛋白有类似结构,且在感染恶性疟原虫的红细胞中被磷酸化,推测SMIM1蛋白可能参与了疟疾的发展。因此,本文就近年来SMIM1和其编码蛋白在Vel血型、肿瘤和疟原虫感染方面的相关研究做一综述。
