Nutrition Education for Cancer Patients:Theory,Programs,Evaluation,and Future Perspectives

Nutrition education is an essential component of nutrition intervention and a preferred method of nutrition therapy.Although the development of nutrition education programs for cancer patients follows the basic principles of nutrition education for the general population,it includes more targeted points and is richer in its contents.Such a program should include,but is not limited to,the following ten aspects:1)answer questions from the patient/family/caregivers;2)outline the aims of obtaining a nutrition diagnosis;3)provide dietary nutrition and function evaluations;4)review laboratory and instrumental tests;5)provide dietary and nutrition suggestions;6)clarify cancer pathophysiology;7)schedule nutrition intervention(s);8)explain the possible complications of nutrition intervention and provide solutions;9)predict the outcome of nutrition intervention;10)plan and carry out nutrition follow-up.Studies have shown that providing nutrition education for cancer patients is an economical,practical,and effective measure in clinical oncology.The purpose of nutrition education is not only to impart knowledge about diet and nutrition,but also to train the patients on how to improve their nutrition status,modulate eating behavior,and form good habits regarding diet and nutrition.Therefore,nutrition education is a long-term process.Due to the high malnutrition rates and the complex causes and outcomes,cancer patients need long-term and comprehensive nutrition education,aiming to shorten the length of hospital stay,reduce the complications of both the disease and its treatments,improve clinical outcomes,and finally improve the quality of life and survival.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Orange-emitting Iridium(Ⅲ)Complexes with Diphenylquinoline Ligands Containing Fluorinated Substituent

Three new cyclometalated iridium（m） complexes based on ligands of diphenylquinoline with fluorinated subsfituents were prepared, and characterized by elemental analysis （EA）, ^1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy （MS）. The photophysical and electrophosphorescent properties of the complexes were briefly discussed.

Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Colon Cancer Patients Younger than 30 Years Old Based on the SEER Registry:From 2010 to 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics and prognostic factors in young patients(<30 y.o.)with colon cancer.The Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)registry database,a US population-based cancer registry database,was used to identify all patients diagnosed with colon cancer from 2010 to 2015.Cox proportional-hazards regression was used analysis to evaluate the association between the patients registry database,and to identify all patients diagnosed with c race,AJCC stage,treatment methods,primary tumor site,differentiation grade and histological type.A total of 554 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer when younger than 30 years old.The overall rate of distant metastasis in the cohort was 28.5%.The majority of neoplasms were found in whites/Caucasians(75.8%),while the incidence in Black/African-American patients was relatively low(12.7%).A large proportion of tumors were located in the sigmoid colon(35.9%),followed by the descending colon,ascending colon and transverse colon.Grade III/Grade IV(HR=1.74;95%CI,1.38 to 3.20),distant metastasis(HR=5.25;95%CI,2.44 to 7.86),no surgery(HR=5.25;95%CI,2.44 to 7.86),and mucous/signet-ring cell histology(HR=2.49;95%CI,2.15 to 2.94)were independent risk factors for reduced survival in the analysis.The tumor location(P=0.71),race(P=0.52)and gender(P=0.41)were not major factors affecting the overall survival rate.This study revealed the distinct clinic pathological features of colon cancer patients younger than 30 years old.Poorly differentiated tumors,non-surgical treatment,and distant metastasis indicated a worse prognosis and overall survival.

Knowledge,Attitude and Practice(K-A-P)of Cancer Nutrition in Chinese Medical Staff

Objective The present study was designed to investigate knowledge,attitude,and practice(K-A-P)toward cancer nutrition among medical staff in China,and to provide a basis for nutritional oncology training in clinical oncology practice in China in order to improve clinical treatment outcomes.Method This was a multicenter,cross-sectional study involving 3036 clinicians selected from 138 hospitals in 13 provinces across China.KAP scores were collected via questionnaires.Results The overall mean K score was 41.26±23.68,with a pass rate of 35.31%and honoring rate of 12.48%,respectively.The overall mean A score was 82.23±12.63,with pass rate of 96.57%and honoring rate of 69.37%,respectively.The overall mean P score was 73.03±15.06,with a pass rate of 85.64%and honoring rate of 39.86%,respectively.The correlation coefficient between K and A scores was 0.136(P<0.05).The correlation coefficient between K and P scores was 0.179(P<0.05).These results suggested positive correlations between K and A,and K and P scores.While the pass rate for K score in male staff was higher than that in female(P<0.05),there was no significant difference for A and P scores between the two groups(P >0.05).The K-A-P scores,and their associated pass rates and honoring rates among doctors were higher than that among nurses and medical technicians(P<0.05).Senior medical technicians had higher K and P scores than their junior counterparts(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in A scores among medical technicians with different ranks(P >0.05).Mean K-A-P scores and their associated pass rates and honoring rates in clinicians with higher degrees were superior,compared with those with lower degrees(P<0.05).Surgeons had higher K-A-P scores,pass rates,and honoring rates than others(P<0.05).Those who worked in teaching hospitals showed higher K-A-P scores,pass rates,and honoring rates than their counterparts in other work settings.There were no significant differences in K and P scores,and associated pass rates and good rates between medical staff from general hospitals and those from specialized oncology hospitals(P >0.05).However,higher P scores and associated pass rates were observed in staff from general hospitals than that from other settings(P<0.05).Over half(58.41%)of the medical staff spent less than 10%of their work time on nutritional education.About half(52.71%)of the medical staff expressed desires to work on nutritional research projects.Nutritional knowledge of medical staff primarily came from work experience(66.22%),reference textbooks and journals(65.40%),and formal education(61.25%).Conclusion While medical staff in China demonstrated positive attitude and good practice in nutritional therapy,they need more training to improve nutritional knowledge.