超声内镜在食管癌多学科综合治疗中的临床应用价值分析

目的比较单独CT、CT联合超声内镜(EUS)在食管癌术前T、N分期的准确性,并评估EUS对治疗方案的影响。方法选取2015年1月—2018年5月安阳肿瘤医院收治的食管癌患者750例,随机抽签分为单独CT组388例和CT联合EUS(CT-EUS)组362例。参照AJCC第8版TNM分期标准进行分期,并将单独CT组、CT-EUS组的临床分期结果与术后病理分期结果进行对比分析,比较两组患者内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)、新辅助治疗、镜下完全切除(R0)率、中转开胸率及术中并发症情况。结果单独CT组、CT-EUS组对T期的诊断准确率分别为67.0%和83.5%,对N分期的诊断准确率分别为75.1%和85.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kappa一致性检验分析提示CT-EUS组T、N分期一致性优于单独CT组。CT-EUS组与单独CT组比较,中转开胸率、术中出血及气管损伤率低(P <0.05),R0切除率高(P <0.05);CT-EUS组较单独CT组EMR使用率低,新辅助治疗率高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CTEUS较单独CT可提高食管癌术前T、N分期准确性,但对食管癌综合治疗方案影响有限。

Meta-analysis of combined therapy for adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined antiviral and immunosuppressant therapy in adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBVGN) patients. METHODS: A computerized literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Chinese BioMedical Literature on disc, Chinese Medical Current Contents, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VIP (Chinese Technological Journal of Database) to collect articles between June 1980 and December 2010 on therapy with immunosuppressants, e.g., glucorticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide, combined with antivirals, e.g., interferon, lamivudine, entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil, in adult HBV-GN patients. The primary outcomes were remission of proteinuria, clearanceof HBV e-antigen, and elevation of serum albumin. The secondary outcomes were blood levels of alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and HBV-DNA titer. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.1. Fixed or random effect models were employed to combine the results after a heterogeneity test. The effects of the combined therapy were analyzed for different doses of glucorticosteroid and different types of HBV-GN. RESULTS: Twelve clinical trials with 317 patients were included. A significantly higher incidence of HBV-GN was found in male patients (relative risk = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.98-2.93). Combined therapy reduced the proteinuria significantly with a mean difference of 4.19 (95% CI: 3.86-4.53) and increased the serum albumin concentration significantly with a mean difference of -11.95 (95% CI: -12.97-10.93) without significant alterations of liver function (mean difference: 4.62, 95% CI: -2.55-11.79) and renal function (mean difference: 10.29, 95% CI: 0.14-20.45). No signif icant activation of HBV-DNA replication occurred (mean difference: 0.12, 95% CI: -0.37-0.62). There was no significant difference between the high dose glucorticosteroid group and the low dose glucorticosteroid group in terms of proteinuria remission (P = 0.76) and between different pathological types of HBV-GN [membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) vs mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, P = 0.68; MN vs membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, P = 0.27]. CONCLUSION: Combined antiviral and immunosuppressant therapy can improve the proteinuria in HBVGN patients without altering HBV replication or damaging liver and renal functions.

Keratinase production and keratin degradation by a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis

A new feather-degrading bacterium was isolated from a local feather waste site and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological,physiochemical,and phylogenetic characteristics. Screening for mutants with elevated keratinolytic activity using N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis resulted in a mutant strain KD-N2 producing keratinolytic activity about 2.5 times that of the wild-type strain. The mutant strain produced inducible keratinase in different substrates of feathers,hair,wool and silk under submerged cultivation. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the degradation of feathers,hair and silk by the keratinase. The optimal conditions for keratinase production include initial pH of 7.5,inoculum size of 2% (v/v),age of in-oculum of 16 h,and cultivation at 23 °C. The maximum keratinolytic activity of KD-N2 was achieved after 30 h. Essential amino acids like threonine,valine,methionine as well as ammonia were produced when feathers were used as substrates. Strain KD-N2,therefore,shows great promise of finding potential applications in keratin hydrolysis and keratinase production.

Effect of Nd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al alloy

In order to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy with single β phase structure, Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was prepared. Subsequently, the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties were observed and tested. The results showed that the structure of Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) as-cast alloy was composed of β phase matrix and Al_2Nd, Al_(11)Nd_3, MgLiAl_2, Al_4Li_9 and AlLi phases. With the increase of Nd content in the alloy, the Al-Nd intermetallic compounds have a trend to change from needle-like Al_(11)Nd_3 to granular Al_2Nd. The hardness of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was stable at room temperature. The tensile strength of Mg-12Li-3Al-1.1Nd was as high as 180 MPa, the elongation rate of Mg-12Li-3Al-0.7Nd reached 53.7%, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-12Li-3Al-2.0Nd was the best. PLC phenomenon occurred during the tensile process of the alloys at room temperature. Therefore, the β-based Mg-Li alloy with good plasticity as well as enhanced strength can be obtained by a moderate addition of Nd and Al.

Purification and characterization of keratinase from a new Bacillus subtilis strain

The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinase produced by a new isolated Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 strain. The keratinase produced by the isolate was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-Sepharose chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 30.5 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The optimum pH at 50 °C was 8.5 and the optimum temperature at pH 8.5 was 55 °C. The keratinase was partially inactivated by some metal ions, organic solvents and serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) had positive effect on the keratinase activity. Reducing agents including dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, sodium sulphite, as well as chemicals of SDS, ammonium sulfamate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) stimulated the enzyme activity upon a feather meal substrate. Besides feather keratin, the enzyme is active upon the soluble proteins ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein and insoluble ones as sheep wool and human hair. Calf hair, silk and collagen could not be hydrolyzed by the keratinase.

Preparation of submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B master alloy and its influence on microstructure and properties of AZ91D

To improve the mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy,the submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B master alloy was prepared with copper mold inject casting method,and the influence of submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B master alloy on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D was investigated.Results show that,the distribution of Ti B_2 phase in submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B alloy is even and disperse,and the average size of Ti Al_3 phase is reduced from 10-30μm to～1μm.The properties of AZ91D refined with submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B master alloy are better than that with coarse-grained Al-Ti-B master alloy without copper mold inject casting.The tensile strength,elongation and Brinell hardness of AZ91D are increased by 10.6%,25%and 18.1%,respectively.Therefore,refinement of AZ91D with submicrocrystal Al-Ti-B that is obtained by copper mold inject casting is an effective method to improve its mechanical properties.

新疆传统发酵奶酪中乳酸菌的益生特性研究（英文）

目的:分离鉴定新疆牧民家庭自制的4份奶酪样品中的6株乳酸菌,研究其益生特性。创新点:通过对新疆传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及其抗氧化和降脂特性的测定,筛选到益生特性良好同时也能延长模式生物秀丽线虫寿命的菌株。方法:对分离自传统发酵乳制品中的乳酸菌进行生理生化分析和16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,筛选出6株乳酸菌,并测定其耐酸、耐胆盐、抑菌、亲水性和共聚集能力;测定其抗氧化、降解胆固醇和甘油三酯的能力;测定乳酸菌对秀丽线虫寿命的影响。结论:实验表明,该6株菌具有较好的耐酸性,在胆盐环境中也有较好的存活率。同时,这6株菌均有清除自由基和降解脂肪的能力。此外,其中3株具有延长秀丽线虫寿命的能力。综上所述,这6株菌具有较好的益生特性,可作为优良的潜在益生菌株。

Preparation of high-affinity rabbit monoclonal antibodies for ciprofloxacin and development of an indirect competitive ELISA for residues in milk

A convenient competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for ciprofloxacin(CPFX) was developed by using rabbit monoclonal antibodies(RabMAbs) against a hapten-protein conjugate of CPFX-bovine serum albumin(BSA).The indirect competitive ELISA of CPFX had a concentration at 50% inhibition(IC50) of 1.47 ng/ml and a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.095 ng/ml.The mAb exhibited some cross-reactivity,however,not so high with enrofloxacin(28.8%),ofloxacin(13.1%),norfloxacin(11.0%),fleroxacin(22.6%),and pefloxacin(20.4%).And it showed almost no cross-reactivity with other antibiotics or sulfonamides evaluated in this study.The competitive ELISA kit developed here could be used as a screening tool to detect and control illegal addition of CPFX in food products.This kit had been applied to milk detection and the recovery rates from samples spiked by CPFX were in a range of 63.02%-84.60%,with coefficients of variation of less than 12.2%.

复方西洋参和红枣制剂对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究（英文）

目的：综合评价复方西洋参和红枣制剂对于小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫的影响,为开发新产品奠定基础。创新点：本文首次以西洋参提取物和红枣提取物为原料制成复方制剂,并通过动物实验发现该制剂具有增强免疫功能,为开发功能性食品提供新思路。方法：将西洋参与红枣提取物按一定比例制备复方制剂,以1.3、2.6和5.2 g/kg为低、中和高剂量给健康ICR小鼠连续灌胃此复方制剂4周,对照组灌胃同等剂量的无菌水,最后通过测定免疫相关指标对该复方制剂的免疫调节功能进行综合评价。结论：此款复方制剂可以显著提高小鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数（表1）,同时低剂量组小鼠的血清溶血素水平显著高于对照组,高剂量组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增值能力约是对照组的2.4倍,自然杀伤细胞的活性也得到显著增强,中剂量组小鼠的NK细胞活性与对照组相比提高了78.6%（图2）。另外,此复方制剂能有效提高小鼠组织（肝脏、脾脏和胸腺）和血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,同时降低丙二醛（MDA）的含量（图3-6）。综上所述,此复方西洋参和红枣制剂可有效提高健康ICR小鼠的非特异性和特异性免疫功能,而其抗氧化功能有可能是其免疫调节活性的作用机制之一。

美国豆芋加快产后大鼠的子宫修复（英文）

目的:研究美国豆芋(Apios americana)对产后恢复过程,特别是子宫复旧的影响.创新点:开发针对产后恢复的新食品.方法:将雌雄大鼠配种交配,对照组除外(没有交配的雌性大鼠,基础日粮,n=6).分娩后,将雌性大鼠分为五组:基础饮食(模型组,n=6);基础饮食+灌胃给药5.4g/kg的产妇康颗粒(阳性组,n=6);含10%豆芋粉末的基础日粮(低剂量组,n=6);含20%豆芋粉末的基础日粮(中剂量组,n=6);含40%豆芋粉末的基础日粮(高剂量组,n=6).实验结束后,称量子宫和脾脏质量,计算子宫和脾脏指数.并测量血清内激素和细胞因子水平,研究子宫的组织病理学变化,检测基质金属蛋白酶和抑制剂在子宫中的表达.结论:豆芋干预减少了产后子宫指数并调节了激素浓度,加速了子宫形态复旧的过程,减轻了分娩引起的炎症反应.同时发现,转化生长因子β也受豆芋调节.豆芋干预使得基质金属蛋白酶显著下调,其抑制剂则显著上调,这表明豆芋增加了胶原清除过程的速度.

杨梅素对膳食诱导的C57BL/6小鼠肥胖及氧化应激的干预作用（英文）

目的:研究杨梅素(myricetin)对高脂膳食(HFD)诱导的C57BL/6小鼠肥胖的干预作用,并探讨其作用机理。创新点:首次在高脂膳食诱导的C57BL/6肥胖小鼠模型中证明杨梅素可明显减轻肥胖小鼠的体重,同时改善伴随肥胖的氧化应激和炎症。分子机理研究表明杨梅素通过下调脂代谢相关的转录因子(PPARγ、C/EBPα和SREBP-1c)m RNA的表达,从而发挥减肥功效。方法:将C57BL/6小鼠分为正常膳食组(ND,n=12)和高脂膳食组(HFD,n=24),分别给予正常膳食和高脂膳食喂食2周。之后,高脂膳食组分为高脂膳食组(n=12)和杨梅素保护组(HFD+M,灌胃150 mg/(kg·d)的杨梅素,n=12),继续处理10周。分析小鼠常规生理指标(体重和脏器重量)、生化指标(血糖浓度、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量)、氧化应激指标(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC))和炎症指标(肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α))等。苏木精-伊红染色法(H&E)和油红染色法分别观察脂肪组织和肝脏组织形态。实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析小鼠脂肪组织PPARγ、C/EBPα和SREBP-1c等基因的m RNA表达水平。结论:与高脂膳食对照组相比,杨梅素处理可以显著减轻肥胖小鼠的体重。同时能显著降低肥胖小鼠血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇的含量。此外,杨梅素处理能缓解伴随肥胖的氧化应激(GPX活性、T-AOC和丙二醛(MDA))和炎症(TNF-α)。分子机理研究发现杨梅素通过下调脂肪细胞生成(PPARγ和C/EBPα)和脂质合成(SREBP-1c)密切相关的转录因子的m RNA表达。本研究结果将为杨梅素减肥产品的开发提供一定的理论依据。

纳米银颗粒粘附对牙科合金细胞毒性和抗菌性的影响（英文）

目的:评估纳米银颗粒的粘附对牙科合金的细胞毒性和抗菌性的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。创新点:运用MTT法证实钴铬合金和纯钛对小鼠成骨前体细胞(MC3T3-E1)及大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)产生细胞毒性,粘附纳米银颗粒后细胞毒性有所降低。方法:将化学法制得的3种浓度的纳米银颗粒分别粘附于6种牙科合金表面,扫描电镜观察并确认纳米银的粘附情况。采用MTT法检测不同浓度纳米银颗粒的牙科合金对MC3T3-E1及BMSC的细胞毒性。评价3种浓度纳米银颗粒的钴铬合金和纯钛试件浸提液对金黄色葡萄球菌和变形链球菌的抗菌性。结论:牙科合金对MC3T3-E1和BMSC细胞具有较强的毒性,粘附纳米银颗粒后细胞毒性有所降低。3种浓度的纳米银颗粒细胞毒性之间无显著性差异,且这3种浓度纳米银颗粒粘附后对牙科合金的抗菌性无明显影响。

市售冷鲜肉的品质与安全的系统性调研——基于农贸市场、大型超市和电商平台3种主要销售渠道（英文）

目的:近年来,食品安全事件层出不穷。食品安全已成为公众关注的热点问题。快速发展的电商平台吸引了越来越多的中国消费者在线上购买食品。但网购得到的食品的品质参差不齐,而且鲜有研究或报道。因此,本课题旨在对农贸市场、大型超市和电商平台售卖的冷鲜肉的品质与安全进行系统性的调研。方法:从浙江省杭州市6大主城区的大型农贸市场和大型超市分别采得57和33个冷鲜肉样;从各大电商平台采得53个冷鲜肉样,共计143个肉样。测定各样品的肉色、pH值、挥发性盐基氮值、钙、铁、锌、镁、铜、磷、铅、砷、汞、镉、铬元素含量、四环素类(四环素、土霉素、金霉素)、磺胺类(总量)、β-受体激动剂类(克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇)兽药残留等指标。结论:购自农贸市场、大型超市、电商平台3种不同销售渠道的所有冷鲜肉的重金属残留和兽药残留量均符合国家标准。购自电商平台的冷鲜肉比购自农贸市场和大型超市的肉新鲜一些。主成分分析结果表明,购自电商平台的猪肉个体间差异明显。建议尽快建立有效的电商平台冷鲜肉监管体系。

西藏发酵制品中拮抗酵母对水晶梨青霉病的防治效果研究（英文）

目的:从西藏发酵制品中分离筛选出对水晶梨采后青霉病具有较好防治效果的拮抗酵母,并对其作用机理进行研究。创新点:首次从西藏发酵制品中筛选得到一株对水晶梨采后青霉病具有较好防治效果的拮抗酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,并对其作用机理进行了初步研究。方法:采用水晶梨果实体内筛选的方法,经过初筛与复筛,确定具有较好生防效果的拮抗酵母;通过对筛选所得拮抗酵母不同浓度、不同处理液的生防效果,果实伤口处生长动态,以及对梨果实采后品质影响的研究,初步探讨西藏发酵制品中拮抗酵母的生防作用机理。结论:从西藏发酵制品中筛选得到一株拮抗酵母R.mucilaginosa,其对水晶梨采后青霉病具有较好的生物防治效果。研究结果发现其主要作用机理为在果实伤口处与病原菌的营养与空间竞争。通过进一步研究,可开发为梨果实采后病害防治的新型生物保鲜剂。

LO2细胞3-D模型用于四种纳米银包裹的牙科合金材料毒性的检测（英文）

目的:应用体外三维模型模拟肝脏组织微环境,更真实地反映和评估纳米银材料和牙科合金对于人体的潜在毒性。创新点:借助中空纤维管和胶原蛋白首次构建了LO2细胞三维聚集体,并将该模型应用到医用材料毒性的评价中。方法:首先,采用扫描电镜观察中空纤维材料的孔径,确保营养物质的正常交换。然后,将混合有胶原蛋白的细胞悬液注入到中空纤维管的内胆,通过尿素氮和白蛋白检测,确定最佳细胞密度进行长期培养。在显微镜下观察细胞聚集体的形态,确保模型的成功建立。其次,应用水热法制作纳米银颗粒并将颗粒包裹到预先购买的合金材料上。最后,用不同牙科材料的浸提液培养细胞1、3和5天,通过MTT检测细胞死亡率,从而间接评价材料的毒性。结论:中空纤维材料的表征结果显示该材料具有较好的耐热性和细胞粘附性,孔径大小适宜营养物质交换,可以应用到三维模型的构建中。通过白蛋白和尿素氮两个指标来评价三维模型的活性,发现每毫升5×104细胞的浓度最适宜细胞生长(图4)。进一步模型评价表明,相比于传统单层培养的细胞,三维模型中的细胞能保持长期活力(图6)且可以在更短时间内对低药物浓度作出反应。