Expert consensus of Chinese Association for the Study of Pain on the application of ozone therapy in pain medicine

This consensus was compiled by first-line clinical experts in the field of pain medicine and was organized by the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain.To reach this consensus,we consulted a wide range of opinions and conducted indepth discussions on the mechanism,indications,contraindications,operational specifications and adverse reactions of ozone iatrotechnique in the treatment of pain disorders.We also referred to related previous preclinical and clinical studies published in recent years worldwide.The purpose of this consensus is to standardize the rational application of ozone iatrotechnique in pain treatment,to improve its efficacy and safety and to reduce and prevent adverse reactions and complications in this process.

Clinical and prognostic significance of CC chemokine receptor type 8 protein expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.Surgical resection and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are defined as the main treatments but cannot cure patients with advanced GIST,which eventually develops into recurrence and acquired drug resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to identify prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for GISTs.CC chemokine receptor type 8(CCR8)protein participates in regulation of immune responses.Recent studies on CCR8 in nonsmall cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer showed that it was highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells and correlated with a poor prognosis.AIM To detect CCR8 expression in GIST tissues and analyze its relationships with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with GISTs.METHODS Tissue samples were used for the tissue microarrays construction.The microarrays were then subjected to immunohistochemical analyses to detect CCR8 expression.Next,Kaplan–Meier analysis was utilized to calculate the survival rate of patients with complete follow-up data,and the potential prognostic value of CCR8 was evaluated by Cox regression analysis.Finally,a Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes single-gene enrichment chart of CCR8 was constructed using the STRING database.RESULTS CCR8-positive signals were detected as brown or brown-yellow particles by immunohistochemistry located in the cytoplasm.Among 125 tissue samples,74 had CCR8 high expression and 51 had low or negative expression.Statistical analyses suggested CCR8 was significantly correlated with tumor size,mitotic index,AFIP-Miettinen risk classification and tumor location.Kaplan–Meier and multivariate analyses showed that patients with low or negative CCR8 expression,mitotic index<5/high-power fields(HPF)and tumor diameter<5 cm had a better prognosis.Based on the STRING database,CCR8 was significantly enriched in biological processes such as tumor immunity,T lymphocyte chemotaxis,migration and pathways like the nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor pathways as well as intestinal immune regulation networks.CONCLUSION CCR8 is a prognostic biomarker for malignant potential of GISTs,with high expression correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis.

RING-OPENING COPOLYMERIZATION OF DL-LACTIDE AND POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) INITIATED BY LANTHANUM ACETATE AND APPLICATION OF THE COPOLYMER AS MATRIX OF MICROSPHERES CONTAINING VIBRIO CHOLERA ANTIGENS

Poly-dl-lactide-poly(ethylene glycol) (PELA) triblock copolymers were synthesized with lanthanum acetate as the initiator. PELA microspheres with entrapped Vibrio Cholera antigen and outer membrane protein (OMP) were prepared by a double emulsion W/O/W based on solvent extraction methods. The obtained microspheres showed smooth and spherical surface and their size varied between 0.5 and 5.0 mu m, which are suitable for oral targeting delivery system. The distribution tests in rabbits and mice through scanning electronic micrography and fluorescence microscope indicated that microspheres have successfully reached the immunization-related tissues, such as the liver, spleen and intestinal peyer's patches, following oral administration. The PELA microspheres were also evaluated as an efficient antigen delivery system by enhancing a higher protective ratio against live Vibrios Cholera.

Theoretical Study on Vibrational Spectra, Detonation Properties and Pyrolysis Mechanism for Cyclic 2-Diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol

在 DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G * 基于完整的优化分子的几何结构 * 水平，在那里存在为周期的 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol 的 intramolecular 氢契约相互作用。分配红外线的光谱被获得并且过去常计算热力学的性质。结果证明在标题混合物的计算红外系列有四个主要典型区域。爆炸速度和压力被使用方程形成基于计算密度和压缩阶段加热的 Kamlet-Jacobs 也评估。热稳定性和 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol 的热分解机制被在 B3LYP/6-311+G * 计算契约分离精力调查 * 水平。

Liver metastasis as the initial clinical manifestation of sublingual gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)is a common malignant tumor of salivary gland.The lung and liver are frequent sites of distant metastasis.Liver metastasis as the initial clinical manifestation of sublingual gland ACC is very rare.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old Chinese woman presented with a painless mass in the right lobe of liver.The tumor was composed of ductal cells and myoepithelial cells with a morphology including tubiform and cribriform structures.Immunostaining results showed ductal cells positive for CK7,CK14,CK19,CD117,and 34βE12,and negative for MYB,vimentin,ER,PR,and CEA.The myoepithelial cells were positive for p63,calponin and CK5/6.Metastatic salivary ACC was considered,and a sublingual gland mass was revealed by computed tomography.Histological evaluation confirmed primary sublingual gland ACC.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)did not find an MYB-NFIB fusion gene in specimens from either the primary or metastatic ACC tumors.The sublingual gland ACC relapsed in 20 mo.The recurrent lesion disappeared following local radiation therapy and computed tomography-guided radioactive seed implantation.The patient remains in good condition until now.CONCLUSION Metastatic sublingual gland ACC with initial clinical manifestation as a liver mass is very rare,and was pathologically confirmed in this patient by its histological appearance.Primary hepatic tumors and metastatic carcinomas should be included in the differential diagnosis.Immunohistochemical detection of MYB protein and MYB-NFIB fusion gene detection by FISH can be helpful,but occasional negative results confuse the diagnosis.

Comparison of three fluorescence labeling and tracking methods of endothelial progenitor cells in laser-injured retina

AIM： To compare three kinds of fluorescent probes for in vitro labeling and in vivo tracking of endothelial progenitor cells（EPCs） in a mouse model of laser-induced retinal injury.METHODS： EPCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and labeled with three different fluorescent probes： 5-（and-6）-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester（CFSE）, 1,1′-dilinoleyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate linked acetylated low-density lipoprotein（Di I-Ac LDL）, and green fluorescent protein（GFP）. The fluorescent intensity of EPCs was examined by confocal microscopy. Survival rate of labeled EPCs was calculated with trypan blue staining, and their adhesive capability was assessed. A mouse model of retinal injury was induced by laser, and EPCs were injected into the vitreous cavity. Frozen section and fluorescein angiography on flat-mounted retinal samples was employed to track the labeled EPCs in vivo.RESULTS： EPCs labeled with CFSE and Di I-Ac LDL exhibited an intense green and red fluorescence at the beginning; the fluorescence intensity decreased gradually to 20.23% and 49.99% respectively, after 28 d. On the contrary, the florescent intensity of GFP-labeled EPCs increased in a time-dependent manner. All labeled EPCs showed normal morphology and no significant change in survival and adhesive capability. In the mouse model, transplantation of EPCs showed a protective effect against retinal injury. EPCs labeled with CFSE and Di I-Ac LDL were successfully tracked in mice during the development of retinal injury and repair; however, GFP-labeled EPCs were not detected in the laser-injured mouse retina.CONCLUSION： The three fluorescent markers used in this study have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. CFSE and Di I-Ac LDL are suitable for short-term EPClabeling, while GFP should be used for long-term labeling. The choice of fluorescent markers should be guided by the purpose of the study.

Effect of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor(ARNI)on ventricular remodeling after AMI in rats.Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into Control group,AMI group,AMI-valsartan group,AMI-ARNI group,15 rats in each group,ligating the left coronary anterior descending artery to establish the rat model of AMI.Valsartan group and ARNI group were treated with valsartan(34mg/kg/day)and ARNi(68mg/kg/day)for 6 weeks,the Control group and AMI group were given the same amount of normal saline.LVIDd,LVIDs,EF were measured by color doppler echocardiography before and 6 weeks after treatment.After 6 weeks,the rats were sacrificed,the hearts were weighed,then myocardial tissue Masson staining was performed to calculate the collagen volume fraction(CVF).Results:compared with the control group,LVIDs increased significantly with the reduction of EF in the AMI group,valsartan group and ARNI group(P<0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment,compared with the AMI group,LVIDd and LVIDs both reduced significantly with the increase of EF in the ARNI group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the left ventricular weight,right ventricular weight and atrial weight all increased significantly in the AMI group,valsartan group,and ARNI group(P<0.05);compared with the AMI group,the left ventricular weight,right ventricular weight,atrial weight and CVF reduced significantly in the valsartan group and ARNI group(P<0.05);compared with the valsartan group,the left ventricular weight and CVF further reduced in the ARNI group.(P<0.05).Conclusions:ARNI has the effect of reversing ventricular remodeling after AMI in rats,which can reduce left ventricular volume,increase myocardial contractility,and inhibit myocardial cell hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Effect of preoperative hyperselective uterine arterial chemoembolization on the infiltrative growth of cancer cells in locally advanced cervical cancer

Objective:To study the effect of preoperative hyperselective uterine arterial chemoembolization on the infiltrative growth of cancer cells in locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods: Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent surgical resection in Ankang Municipality Maternity and Child Care between February 2015 and October 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group who received preoperative hyperselective uterine arterial chemoembolization and the control group who received routine preoperative preparation. The contents of tumor markers in serum were determined at diagnosis and 1 day before undergoing surgery;the expression levels of tumor suppressor genes and invasion genes were determined after surgical resection.Results: 1 day before undergoing surgery, serum CA125, TSGF, SCC and HE4 levels of observation group were lower than those at diagnosis whereas serum CA125, TSGF, SCC and HE4 levels of control group were not significant different from those at diagnosis;after surgical resection, RASSF2A, FHIT, eIF4E3, RIZ1, DAPK and Syk protein expression in cervical cancer lesions of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group;whereas RbAp48, Vimentin, N-cadherin, Sox2,β-catenin and MMP9 protein expression were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Preoperative hyperselective uterine arterial chemoembolization can inhibit the infiltrative growth of cancer cells in locally advanced cervical cancer.

LASIK术后远期干眼与高阶像差改变及对视觉质量的影响

目的:观察LASIK手术前后干眼与高阶像差(HOAs)改变及对视觉质量的影响。方法:选取2008-06/2010-06在我院接受LASIK手术并随访5a的患者58例116眼,术前及术后1、3、5a记录UCVA、等效球镜、瞬目后0s和10s角膜前表面总HOAs、三阶彗差、三阶三叶草、四阶球差、BUT、SⅠt,填写OSDI问卷。结果:术后5a,LASIK术后OSDI评分由术前10.003±1.462分逐渐提高至20.252±2.540分,BUT由术前8.402±2.640s降低至6.897±3.408s,SⅠt也较术前(14.382±6.241mm/5min)降低,但术后5a恢复至术前水平13.432±4.206mm/5min。瞬目后10s像差高于0s,以球差最显著。术后像差提高且随时间增加,仍以球差最显著。术后5a非干眼和干眼患者瞬目后0s获取的像差间无差异(均P>0.05)。术后5a瞬目后10s的HOAs轻度干眼与术前无差异(均P>0.05),中、重度干眼患者像差均高于非干眼患者(均P<0.05)。干眼患者两时间点HOAs差值与OSDI评分正相关。结论:LASIK术后远期患者干眼引起泪膜稳定性下降使患者眼部HOAs增加并最终导致患者视觉质量下降,其中球差的显著增加可能是造成患者视觉质量下降的主要原因。

原发性血小板增多症合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的临床特征分析

目的分析原发性血小板增多症合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)患者的临床特征。方法收集2014年1月—2018年6月于郑州大学第一附属医院住院治疗的21例原发性血小板增多症合并冠心病患者的临床资料,分析其临床特征。结果21例患者中,男性6例,女性15例,平均年龄(60.8±10.7)岁;合并心血管危险因素者17例;JAK2V617F基因突变阳性者16例;既往有血栓病史者6例;入院平均血小板计数为(880±360)×109/L;急性心肌梗死起病者7例,不稳定性心绞痛者9例,稳定型冠心病者5例;病变累及左前降支者17例;9例患者行支架置入治疗,共置入支架12枚;16例患者接受了阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛的双联抗血小板治疗,5例患者接受阿司匹林单抗治疗;20例患者院外长期口服羟基脲治疗,1例患者行干扰素治疗;平均随访时间(27±17)个月,随访期间平均血小板计数(395±116)×109/L,较入院时下降(P<0.05)。1例患者于治疗后发生急性心力衰竭,1例患者发生消化道出血及脑梗死,1例患者发生消化道出血及脑出血,1例患者发生脑梗死,1例患者发生肺栓塞。结论原发性血小板增多症合并冠心病患者最常累及冠状动脉的左前降支,且起病表现以急性冠状动脉综合征者多见,心血管危险因素及JAK2V617F基因突变与其发病相关,临床上需注意预防脑血管并发症及出血事件。

Therapy for acute pancreatitis with platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists

Acute pancreatitis (AP) causes release of platelet- activating factor (PAF), which induces systemic effects that contribute to circulatory disturbances and multiple organ failure. PAF is a cell surface secretion of bioactive lipid, which could produce physiological and pathological effects by binding to its cell surface receptor called platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R). Studies showed that PAF participates in the occurrence and development of AP and administration of platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists (PAF-RAs) could significantly reduce local and systemic events after AP. PAF has also been implicated as a key mediator in the progression of severe AP, which can lead to complications and unacceptably high mortality rates. Several classes of PAF-RA show PAF- RAs significant local and systemic effects on reducing inflammatory changes. As a preventive treatment, PAF-RA could block a series of PAF-mediated inflammatory injury and thus improve the prognosis of AP. This review introduces the important role of PAF-RA in the treatment of AP.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of MYOC affected the severity of primary open angle glaucoma

AIM: To detect the mutations in two candidate genes, myocilin (MYOC ) and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1 ), in a Chinese family with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). ·METHODS:Thefamilywascomposedofthreemembers, the parents and a daughter. All members of the family underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations. Exons of MYOC and CYP1B1 genes were screened for sequence alterations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing. ·RESULTS: The mother was the proband, she was diagnosed as POAG in both eyes. Her daughter was diagnosed as juvenile -onset POAG. The father was asymptomatic. One MYOC heterozygous mutation c.1150 G 】A (D384N) in exon 3 was identified in the mother, another MYOC heterozygous variation c.1058 C】T (T353I) in exon 3 was identified in the father, and the daughter inherited both of the variations. Meanwhile, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1B1 gene were found in the family. ·CONCLUSION: The D384N mutation of MYOC has been reported as one of disease-causing mutations in POAG, whereas T353I variation of MYOC was thought as a high risk factor for POAG. The two variations of MYOC were first reported in one juvenile -onset POAG patient whopresented with more severe clinical manifestations, suggesting that T353I polymorphism of MYOC may be associated with the severity of POAG.

Magnetic resonance imaging-three-dimensional printing technology fabricates customized scaffolds for brain tissue engineering

Conventional fabrication methods lack the ability to control both macro- and micro-structures of generated scaffolds. Three-dimensional printing is a solid free-form fabrication method that provides novel ways to create customized scaffolds with high precision and accuracy. In this study, an electrically controlled cortical impactor was used to induce randomized brain tissue defects. The overall shape of scaffolds was designed using rat-specific anatomical data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, and the internal structure was created by computer- aided design. As the result of limitations arising from insufficient resolution of the manufacturing process, we magnified the size of the cavity model prototype five-fold to successfully fabricate customized collagen-chitosan scaffolds using three-dimensional printing. Results demonstrated that scaffolds have three-dimensional porous structures, high porosity, highly specific surface areas, pore connectivity and good internal characteristics. Neural stem cells co-cultured with scaffolds showed good viability, indicating good biocompatibility and biodegradability. This technique may be a promising new strategy for regenerating complex damaged brain tissues, and helps pave the way toward personalized medicine.

Development of a new field-deployable RT-qPCR workflow for COVID-19 detection

Background:Outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been recorded in different countries across the globe.The virus is highly contagious,hence early detection,isolation,and quarantine of infected patients will play an important role in containing the viral spread.Diagnosis in a mobile lab can aid to find infected patients in time.Methods:Here,we develop a field-deployable diagnostic workflow that can reliably detect COVID-19.Instruments used in this workflow can easily fit in a mobile cabin hospital and also be installed in the community.Different steps from sample inactivation to detection were optimized to find the fastest steps and portable instruments in the detection of COVID-19.Each step was compared to that of the normal laboratory diagnosis setup.Results:From the results,our proposed workflow(80 min)was two times faster compared to that of the normal laboratory workflow(183 min)and a maximum of 32 samples could be detected at each run.Additionally,we showed that using 1%Rewocid WK-30 could inactivate the novel coronavirus directly without affecting the overall detection results.Comparison of our workflow using an in-house assay to that of a commercially acquired assay produced highly reliable results.From the 250 hospital samples tested,there was a high concordance 247/250(98.8%)between the two assays.The in-house assay sensitivity and specificity were 116/116(100%)and 131/134(97.8%)compared to that of the commercial assay.Conclusion:Based on these results,we believe that our workflow is fast,reliable,adaptable and most importantly,field-deployable.

Influences of ischemic postconditioning at different positions on oxidative stress of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective:To analyze the influences of locial ischemic postconditioning and remote limb ischemic postconditioning on oxidative stress response with myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods:Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)group,local ischemic postconditioning(LIPC)group,and remote limb ischemic postconditioning(RIPC)group,after 3 hourse reperfusion,the contents of serum creatinine kinase,MB isoenzyme(CK-MB),xanthine oxidase(XOD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured.The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was carried out to evaluate the area of myocardial infarction,cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography,and HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of myocardial cells.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the SOD contents of the I/R group,LIPC group,RIPC group reduced significantly(P<0.05),the XOD,MPO,TNF-αcontents increased significantly(P<0.05);Compared with the I/R group,the TNF-αcontents of the LIPC group reduced significantly(P<0.05),other oxidative stress indicators of the LIPC group had no significant differences;Compared with the I/R group,the MPO and TNF-αcontents reduced(P<0.05),the SOD and XOD contents of the RIPC group had no significant differences;Compared with the LIPC group,the MPO contents reduced(P<0.05)in the RIPC group,other oxidative stress indicators had no significant differences.Compared with the Sham group,myocardial infarction area,CK-MB contents,LVIDs increased with the reduction of EF in I/R group,LIPC group,RIPC group(P<0.05),HE staining had differences;Compared with the I/R group,myocardial infarction area,CK-MB contents,LVIDd,LVIDs,EF and HE staining results had no significant differences in the LIPC group and the RIPC group;Compared with the RIPC group,the LIPC group had no significant differences.Conclusion:Remote limb ischemic postconditioning and local ischemic postconditioning can partially reduce the oxidative stress response,but does not significantly reduce myocardial infarction area,improve cardiac function.

Chemical Recycling of Poly(ethylene furanoate)into Value-added Poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide furanoate)

We present here a novel strategy for the chemical recycling of bio-based poly(ethylene furanoate)s(PEF)to value-added high-performance bio-based poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide furanoate)(PEIF)copolyesters by the combination of cyclodepolymerization method with rapid cascade polycondensation-coupling ring-opening polymerization(PROP).The solution cyclodepolymerization of commercially available PEF affords cyclic oligo(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s(COEFs),and the effects of reaction conditions on the yield of COEFs were studied.PEIF copolyesters with different isosorbide(IS)contents were synthesized via the cascade PROP of COEFs with IS,which show significant enhanced glass transition temperature.By melt spinning,PEIF fibers with different orientation factors were prepared,with excellent thermal stability and mechanical performance.The obtained PEIF fibers can lift a weight∼25000 times higher than its weight.The PEIF fibers are stable under ambient conditions but are biodegradable following the“surface erosion”mechanism.These sustainable value-added biodegradable PEIF fibers offer a solution to the environmentally friendly fibers.

Combined Effects of Electroacupuncture and Behavioral Training on Learning-Memory Ability and Event-Related Potential P300 in Rats with Mid/Advanced Cerebral Infarction

Background： The effectiveness of the combination of electroacupuncture （EA） and behavioral training （BT） for mid/advanced cerebral infarction （M/ACI） and related mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects on the learning-memory ability and event-related potential P300 in rats with M/ACI. Methods： Eighty rats with M/ACI were divided into Group Model （M）, Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT （n = 20） according to the random number with five healthy rats in Group Control （CON）. On the 6th week after modeling, EA, BT, and EA-BT were given to Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT, respectively, whereas Group M and Group CON were not given any intervention. Y-maze test and P300 were recorded before and after the intervention. Results： After intervention, the P300 latency was lower and the amplitude was higher in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT than before （for latency, t = -7.638, -4.334, and -5.916; for amplitude, t = 8.125, 3.846, and 5.238; P 〈 0.01 ）, with Group EA-BT superior to Group EA （for latency, t = -3.708; for amplitude, t = 3.653; P 〈 0.01） and Group BT （for latency, t = -2.067; for amplitude, t = 2.816; P 〈 0.05）, with no significant difference between Group BT and EA （for latency, t = -1.439; for amplitude, t = 1.075; P 〉 0.05）. While the performances of Y-maze tests in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT were all better than before （t = 10.359, 4.520, and 7.791, P 〈 0.01）, with Group EA-BT better than Group EA （t = 5.627, P 〈 0.01 ） and Group BT （t = 2.913, P 〈 0.01 ） respectively, and Group BT better than Group EA （t = 2.912, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： EA or BT can affect P300 in rats with M/ACI, and the combination of these two methods can significantly improve the learning-memory ability.

High performance Aurivillius type Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15) piezoelectric ceramics with neodymium and cerium modification

Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric ceramics of Na0.5Bi4.5-x(Nd_(0.5)Ce_(0.5)))xTi4O15(NBT-x,0.0≤x≤0.4)were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction.The effect of(Nd,Ce)substitution for A-site on the microstructure and electrical properties of Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_(4)O_(15)(NBT)-based piezoelectric ceramics was investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis revealed that the(Nd,Ce)-modified NBT ceramics have a pure four-layer Aurivillius type structure.The piezoelectric properties of NBT ceramics were significantly improved by the modification of neodymium and cerium.The Curie temperature TC gradually decreased from 638℃to 618℃with increasing the(Nd,Ce)modification.The piezoelectric constant d33,mechanical quality factor Qm,dielectric loss tanδand Curie temperature TC of the Na0.5Bi4.3(Nd_(0.5)Ce_(0.5)))0.2Ti4O15 ceramic were found to be 28 pC/N,3239,0.0032 and 630℃,respectively.Thermal annealing studies indicated that the(Nd,Ce)-modified NBT ceramics possess stable piezoelectric properties,demonstrating that the Na0.5Bi4.3(Nd_(0.5)Ce_(0.5)))0.2Ti4O15 ceramic is a promising candidate for high temperature applications.

3D printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds carrying the secretome of human umbilical mesenchymal stemcells ameliorated neurological dysfunction after spinal cord injury in rats

Although implantation of biomaterials carrying mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is considered as a promising strategy for ameliorating neural function after spinal cord injury(SCI),there are still some challenges including poor cell survival rate,tumorigenicity and ethics concerns.The performance of the secretome derived from MSCs was more stable,and its clinical transformation was more operable.Cytokine antibody array demonstrated that the secretome of MSCs contained 79 proteins among the 174 proteins analyzed.Three-dimensional(3D)printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds carrying MSCs secretome improved hindlimb locomotor function according to the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan scores,the inclined-grid climbing test and electrophysiological analysis.Parallel with locomotor function recovery,3D printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds carrying MSCs secretome could further facilitate nerve fiber regeneration,enhance remyelination and accelerate the establishment of synaptic connections at the injury site compared to 3D printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds alone group according to magnetic resonance imaging,diffusion tensor imaging,hematoxylin and eosin staining,Bielschowsky’s silver staining,immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy.These results indicated the implantation of 3D printed collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds carrying MSCs secretome might be a potential treatment for SCI.

Geographic variations in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China: a retrospective study based on 92 million newborns screened in 2013–2018

Background:Although congenital hypothyroidism(CH)has been widely studied in Western countries,CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown.This study aimed to update the incidence and revealed the spatial pattern of CH incidence in the mainland of China,which could be helpful in the planning and implementation of preventative measures.Methods:The data used in our study were derived from 245 newborns screening centers that cover 30 provinces of the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System.Spatial auto-correlation was analyzed by Global Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics at the provincial level.Kriging interpolation methods were applied to estimate a further detailed spatial distribution of CH incidence at city level throughout the mainland of China,and Kulldorff space scanning statistical methods were used to identify the spatial clusters of CH cases at the city level.Results:A total of 91,921,334 neonates were screened from 2013 to 2018 and 42,861 cases of primary CH were identified,yielding an incidence of 4.66 per 10,000 newborns screened(95%confidence interval[CI]:4.62–4.71).Neonates in central(risk ratio[RR]=0.84,95%CI:0.82–0.85)and western districts(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.69–0.73)had lower probability of CH cases compared with the eastern region.The CH incidence indicated a moderate positive global spatial autocorrelation(Global Moran I value=0.394,P<0.05),and the CH cases were significantly clustered in spatial distribution.A most likely city-cluster(log-likelihood ratio[LLR]=588.82,RR=2.36,P<0.01)and 25 secondary city-clusters of high incidence were scanned.The incidence of each province and each city in the mainland of China was estimated by kriging interpolation,revealing the most affected province and city to be Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou city,respectively.Conclusion:This study offers an insight into the space clustering of CH incidence at provincial and city scales.Future work on environmental factors need to focus on the effects of CH occurrence.