Effects of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution on Perioperative Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatic Carcinectomy

Objective To observe the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH) on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patients undergoing hepatic carcinectomy.Methods Thirty elderly patients(aged 60-70 years) with liver cancer(American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II) scheduled for hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANH group(n=15) and control group(n=15).After tracheal intubation,patients in ANH group and control group were infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch(HES)(130/0.4),and basic liquid containing 6% HES and routine Ringer's solution,respectively.In all the studied patients,blood samples were drawn at five different time points:before anesthesia induction(T1),30 minutes after ANH(T2),1 hour after start of operation(T3),immediately after operation(T4),and 24 hours after operation(T5).Then coagulation function,soluble fibrin monomer complex(SFMC),prothrombin fragment(F1+2),and platelet membrane glycoprotein(activated GPIIb/GPIIIa and P-selectin) were measured.Results The perioperative blood loss was not significantly different between the two groups(P> 0.05).The volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significantly smaller than that in control group(350.5±70.7 mL vs.457.8±181.3 mL,P<0.01).Compared with the data of T1,prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time in both groups prolonged significantly after T3(P<0.05),but still within normal range.There were no significant changes in thrombin time and D-dimer between the two groups and between different time points in each group(all P>0.05).SFMC and F1+2 increased in both groups,but without statistical significance.P-selectin expression on the platelet surface of ANH group was significantly lowered at T2 and T3 compared with the level at T1(P< 0.05).Compared with control group,P-selectin was sig-nificantly lower in ANH group at T2-T5(all P<0.05).Conclusions In elderly patients undergoing resection of liver cancer,ANH may not hamper fibrinolysis and coagulation function.It could therefore be safe to largely reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.

Coevality of the sea-level fall and main mass extinction in the Permian-Triassic transition in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, southern China

A continuous Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） section has been found and studied for the first time in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, South China. Evidence for a large sealevel fall has been found in the horizon of 0.8 m below the PTB, from the beginning of Hindeodus changxingensis zone （correlatable to Hindeodus typicalis Zone of the Meishan section）. Sedimentary record indicates that the sea level kept at Iowstand, or occasionally rose slowly during the whole Hindeodus parvus zone, except another substantial sea-level fall in early H. parvus zone. It began a quick rise from the beginning of Isarcicella staeschei zone, kept rising for the whole/, staeschei zone, and probably caused the stagnation of sea water. The first severe change in the biota, marked by the sudden disappearance of all steno- tropic organisms such as fusulinids and dasycladacians, happened at the same time as the first sea-level fall, and is regarded as the first and main episode of the end-Permian mass extinction in this area. A microbe-dominated biota followed the first extinction, and spanned the late H. changxingensis zone and the whole H. parvus zone. All the microbes and some other eurytropic organisms including gastropods and ostracods disappeared at the end of the H. parvus zone, and the following biota in the/. staeschei zone is very simple. The coevality of the main sea-level fall and the main extinction episode might be causal： both of them might be caused by a drastic climatic cooling.

Chemical Constituents of Phacellaria compressa Benth.

Two new compounds, 1-（3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl）-3-（3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl）-propane （1） and 5, 7, 3＇-trlmethyoxyflavan-4＇-O-β-D-glucopyranoslde （2） were Isolated from the ethanol extract of the dried aerial parts of Phacellarla compressa Benth., together with 2,3-bis[（4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl）-methyl]-1,4- butanedlol （3）, ethyl 3,4,5-trlhydroxybenzoate （4）, methyl 3, 4, 5-trlhydroxybenzoete （5）, β-sltoeterol （6）, 5, 7, 3＇, 4＇- tetrahydroxyfiavan （7）, lupeol （8）, zhebelreslnol （9）, quercetln-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoslde （10）, （＋）-cetechin （11）, betulln （12）, β-daucosterol （13）, （＋）-sydngareslnol （14）, scopoletln （15）, and proxlmadlol （16）. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral evidence or by comparing them with authentic samples. Compound 9 showed α-amylase Inhibitory activity of 57.55% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL.