Studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species(ROS) are closely related to inflammatory disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX), originally found in phagocytes, is the main source o...Studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species(ROS) are closely related to inflammatory disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX), originally found in phagocytes, is the main source of ROS in nonphagocytic cells. Besides directly producing the detrimental highly reactive ROS to act on biomolecules(lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), NOX can also activate multiple signal transduction pathways, which regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by producing ROS. Recently, research on pancreatic NOX is no longer limited to inflammatory cells, but extends to the aspect of pancreatic acinar cells and pancreatic stellate cells, which are considered to be potentially associated with pancreatitis. In this review, we summarize the literature on NOX protein structure, activation, function and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effects of BN52021 on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) signaling molecules under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions in MS1 cells. METHODS: MS1 cells (a mouse pancr...AIM: To determine the effects of BN52021 on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) signaling molecules under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions in MS1 cells. METHODS: MS1 cells (a mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cell line) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mmol/L glutamine and 100 μg/mL penicillin/streptomycin in 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃. After growth to confluency in media, the cells were processed for subsequent studies. The MS1 cells received 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS in this experiment. The viability/prolifera-tion of the cells induced by LPS was observed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Apoptosis and necrosis of the cells under the inflammatory condition described previously were observed using Hoechst 33342-propidium iodide staining. Adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA in the PAFR signaling pathway were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression level of phosphorylated AC (p-AC), phosphorylated PLA 2 (p-PLA 2 ), phosphorylated PTK (p-PTK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), PLCβ and GRK was measured using Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The activity of MS1 cells incubated with dif- ferent concentrations of LPS for 6 h decreased significantly in the 1 μg/mL LPS group (0.49 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and 10 μg/mL LPS group (0.44 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.001), but not in 0.1 μg/mL group. When the incubation time was extended to 12 h (0.33 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.03 vs 0.69 ± 0.01) and 24 h (0.31 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.63 ± 0.01), MS1 cell activity decreased in all LPS concentration groups compared with the blank control (P < 0.001). BN52021 significantly improved the cell activity when its concentration reached 50 μmol/L compared with the group that received LPS treatment alone, which was consistent with the results obtained from fluorescence staining. The mRNAs levels of AC (4.02 ± 0.14 vs 1.00 ± 0.13), GRK (2.63 ± 0.03 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (3.87 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.17), PLA 2 (3.31 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), PLCβ (2.09 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.06) and PTK (1.85 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.11) were up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up- regulated mRNAs including AC (2.35 ± 0.13 vs 3.87 ± 0.08), GRK (1.17 ± 0.14 vs 2.65 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (1.48 ± 0.18 vs 4.30 ± 0.07), PLCβ (1.69 ± 0.10 vs 2.41 ± 0.13) and PLA 2 (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 2.96 ± 0.08)were significantly suppressed by BN52021 except for that of PTK. The level of p-AC (1.11 ± 0.12 vs 0.65 ± 0.08), GRK (0.83 ± 0.07 vs 0.50 ± 0.03), PLCβ (0.83 ± 0.16 vs 0.50 ± 0.10) and p-p38 MAPK (0.74 ± 0.10 vs 0.38 ± 0.05) was up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up-regulated proteins, including p-AC (0.65 ± 0.15 vs 1.06 ± 0.14), GRK (0.47 ± 0.10 vs 0.80 ± 0.06), PLCβ (0.47 ± 0.04 vs 0.80 ± 0.19) and p-p38 MAPK (0.30 ± 0.10 vs 0.97 ± 0.05), was significantly suppressed by BN52021, but p-PLA 2 and p-PTK protein level were not suppressed. CONCLUSION: BN52021 could effectively inhibit LPS-induced inflammation by down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of AC, GRK, p38 MAPK, PLA 2 and PLCβ in the PAFR signaling pathway.展开更多
AIM To identify and assess the research situation of top 100 cited articles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFl D).METHODS The global scientific research articles in the science Citation Index-Expanded relevant t...AIM To identify and assess the research situation of top 100 cited articles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFl D).METHODS The global scientific research articles in the science Citation Index-Expanded relevant to NAFl D were retrieved and listed according to their citation times from the most to the least. The 100 most frequently cited original articles were selected to systematically evaluate their bibliometric parameters including times cited, publication year, journals, subject categories, and the highly related concepts of NAFl D, which reflected the history and current situation, publication distribution of leading countries and institutes as well as the research hotspots of NAFl D.RESULTS Top 100 cited articles in NAFl D were published from 1965 to 2015 with a citation ranging of 227 to 2151 times since publication, in which the United states was the most predominant country and Mayo Clin was the most productive institution. The majority of the top 100 cited articles were concentrated in s CI subject category of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Hepatology and Gastroenterology is the top journal that published over half 100 top-cited articles. The significant peak of top cited articles present in the first half of the 2000 s while the highest mean number of citation presents in first half of the 1980 s. In addition, concepts related to pathology characteristics, epidemiology and medicalization, metabolic syndrome and its combination of symptoms including insulin resistance, biomarkersof lipid metabolism and obesity are listed as the highly related concepts.CONCLUSION The 100 top-cited articles marked with the leading countries, institutions, journals, hotspots and development trend in NAFl D field that could provide the foundation for further investigations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hemichorea usually results from vascular lesions of the basal ganglia.Most often,the lesion is contralateral to the affected limb but rarely,it may be ipsilateral.The pathophysiology of ipsilateral hemichor...BACKGROUND Hemichorea usually results from vascular lesions of the basal ganglia.Most often,the lesion is contralateral to the affected limb but rarely,it may be ipsilateral.The pathophysiology of ipsilateral hemichorea is still poorly understood.We review the literature on hemichorea due to ipsilateral cerebral infarction and explore possible mechanisms for its occurrence.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old woman presented with complaints of involuntary movements of the muscles of the left side of the face and mild weakness of the right limbs.Her symptoms had started suddenly 1 d earlier.After admission to the hospital,the involuntary movements spread to involve the left limbs also.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left thalamic infarction.The patient’s hemichorea subsided after treatment with haloperidol(2 mg per time,3 times/d)for 3 d;the hemiparesis resolved with rehabilitation physiotherapy.She is presently symptom free and on treatment for prevention of secondary stroke.We review the literature on the occurrence of ipsilateral hemichorea following thalamic infarction and discuss the possible pathomechanisms of this unusual presentation.CONCLUSION Ipsilateral hemichorea following a thalamic stroke is rare but it can be explained by structure of the extrapyramidal system.The thalamus is a relay station that exerts a bilateral control of motor function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonketotic hyperglycemia(NKH)is characterized by hyperglycemia with little or no ketoacidosis.Diverse neurological symptoms have been described in NKH patients,including choreoathetosis,hemiballismus,seizur...BACKGROUND Nonketotic hyperglycemia(NKH)is characterized by hyperglycemia with little or no ketoacidosis.Diverse neurological symptoms have been described in NKH patients,including choreoathetosis,hemiballismus,seizures,and coma in severe cases.Homonymous hemianopia,with or without occipital seizures,caused by hyperglycemia is less readily recognized.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 54-year-old man with NKH,who reported seeing round,colored flickering lights with right homonymous hemianopia.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormalities in the left occipital lobe,with decreased T2 signal of the white matter,restricted diffusion,and corresponding low signal intensity in the apparent diffusion coefficient map.He responded to rehydration and a low-dose insulin regimen,with improvements of his visual field defect.CONCLUSION Patients with NKH may present focal neurologic signs.Hyperglycemia should be taken into consideration when making an etiologic diagnosis of homonymous hemianopia.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173393the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,No.12YFJZJC00800+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation(No.WHM201222,FYM201114)the Innovation Team Program(No.WHTD201310)from Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces
文摘Studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species(ROS) are closely related to inflammatory disorders. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX), originally found in phagocytes, is the main source of ROS in nonphagocytic cells. Besides directly producing the detrimental highly reactive ROS to act on biomolecules(lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), NOX can also activate multiple signal transduction pathways, which regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by producing ROS. Recently, research on pancreatic NOX is no longer limited to inflammatory cells, but extends to the aspect of pancreatic acinar cells and pancreatic stellate cells, which are considered to be potentially associated with pancreatitis. In this review, we summarize the literature on NOX protein structure, activation, function and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173393the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,Grant No.12YFJZJC00800+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for PhD grant to Xia SH,No.WYB201010the Innovation Team Program(WHTD201310)from the Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force
文摘AIM: To determine the effects of BN52021 on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) signaling molecules under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions in MS1 cells. METHODS: MS1 cells (a mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cell line) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mmol/L glutamine and 100 μg/mL penicillin/streptomycin in 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃. After growth to confluency in media, the cells were processed for subsequent studies. The MS1 cells received 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS in this experiment. The viability/prolifera-tion of the cells induced by LPS was observed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Apoptosis and necrosis of the cells under the inflammatory condition described previously were observed using Hoechst 33342-propidium iodide staining. Adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA in the PAFR signaling pathway were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression level of phosphorylated AC (p-AC), phosphorylated PLA 2 (p-PLA 2 ), phosphorylated PTK (p-PTK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), PLCβ and GRK was measured using Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The activity of MS1 cells incubated with dif- ferent concentrations of LPS for 6 h decreased significantly in the 1 μg/mL LPS group (0.49 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and 10 μg/mL LPS group (0.44 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.001), but not in 0.1 μg/mL group. When the incubation time was extended to 12 h (0.33 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.03 vs 0.69 ± 0.01) and 24 h (0.31 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.63 ± 0.01), MS1 cell activity decreased in all LPS concentration groups compared with the blank control (P < 0.001). BN52021 significantly improved the cell activity when its concentration reached 50 μmol/L compared with the group that received LPS treatment alone, which was consistent with the results obtained from fluorescence staining. The mRNAs levels of AC (4.02 ± 0.14 vs 1.00 ± 0.13), GRK (2.63 ± 0.03 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (3.87 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.17), PLA 2 (3.31 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), PLCβ (2.09 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.06) and PTK (1.85 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.11) were up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up- regulated mRNAs including AC (2.35 ± 0.13 vs 3.87 ± 0.08), GRK (1.17 ± 0.14 vs 2.65 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (1.48 ± 0.18 vs 4.30 ± 0.07), PLCβ (1.69 ± 0.10 vs 2.41 ± 0.13) and PLA 2 (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 2.96 ± 0.08)were significantly suppressed by BN52021 except for that of PTK. The level of p-AC (1.11 ± 0.12 vs 0.65 ± 0.08), GRK (0.83 ± 0.07 vs 0.50 ± 0.03), PLCβ (0.83 ± 0.16 vs 0.50 ± 0.10) and p-p38 MAPK (0.74 ± 0.10 vs 0.38 ± 0.05) was up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up-regulated proteins, including p-AC (0.65 ± 0.15 vs 1.06 ± 0.14), GRK (0.47 ± 0.10 vs 0.80 ± 0.06), PLCβ (0.47 ± 0.04 vs 0.80 ± 0.19) and p-p38 MAPK (0.30 ± 0.10 vs 0.97 ± 0.05), was significantly suppressed by BN52021, but p-PLA 2 and p-PTK protein level were not suppressed. CONCLUSION: BN52021 could effectively inhibit LPS-induced inflammation by down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of AC, GRK, p38 MAPK, PLA 2 and PLCβ in the PAFR signaling pathway.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173393the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,No.12JCZDJC25500the Innovation Team Program from Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force,No.WHTD201310
文摘AIM To identify and assess the research situation of top 100 cited articles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFl D).METHODS The global scientific research articles in the science Citation Index-Expanded relevant to NAFl D were retrieved and listed according to their citation times from the most to the least. The 100 most frequently cited original articles were selected to systematically evaluate their bibliometric parameters including times cited, publication year, journals, subject categories, and the highly related concepts of NAFl D, which reflected the history and current situation, publication distribution of leading countries and institutes as well as the research hotspots of NAFl D.RESULTS Top 100 cited articles in NAFl D were published from 1965 to 2015 with a citation ranging of 227 to 2151 times since publication, in which the United states was the most predominant country and Mayo Clin was the most productive institution. The majority of the top 100 cited articles were concentrated in s CI subject category of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Hepatology and Gastroenterology is the top journal that published over half 100 top-cited articles. The significant peak of top cited articles present in the first half of the 2000 s while the highest mean number of citation presents in first half of the 1980 s. In addition, concepts related to pathology characteristics, epidemiology and medicalization, metabolic syndrome and its combination of symptoms including insulin resistance, biomarkersof lipid metabolism and obesity are listed as the highly related concepts.CONCLUSION The 100 top-cited articles marked with the leading countries, institutions, journals, hotspots and development trend in NAFl D field that could provide the foundation for further investigations.
基金Department of Education Zhejiang Province Scientific Research Project,No.Y201942038and Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2020RC061.
文摘BACKGROUND Hemichorea usually results from vascular lesions of the basal ganglia.Most often,the lesion is contralateral to the affected limb but rarely,it may be ipsilateral.The pathophysiology of ipsilateral hemichorea is still poorly understood.We review the literature on hemichorea due to ipsilateral cerebral infarction and explore possible mechanisms for its occurrence.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old woman presented with complaints of involuntary movements of the muscles of the left side of the face and mild weakness of the right limbs.Her symptoms had started suddenly 1 d earlier.After admission to the hospital,the involuntary movements spread to involve the left limbs also.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left thalamic infarction.The patient’s hemichorea subsided after treatment with haloperidol(2 mg per time,3 times/d)for 3 d;the hemiparesis resolved with rehabilitation physiotherapy.She is presently symptom free and on treatment for prevention of secondary stroke.We review the literature on the occurrence of ipsilateral hemichorea following thalamic infarction and discuss the possible pathomechanisms of this unusual presentation.CONCLUSION Ipsilateral hemichorea following a thalamic stroke is rare but it can be explained by structure of the extrapyramidal system.The thalamus is a relay station that exerts a bilateral control of motor function.
基金The fund of Department of Education Zhejiang Province Scientific Research Project,No.Y201839721Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2017174708,No.2020RC061,and No.2018273034+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Scientific Foundation of China,No.LGF20H090011 and No.LY18H090002Zhejiang public welfare Technology Application Research Project,No.LGF20H090011the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2018273034.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonketotic hyperglycemia(NKH)is characterized by hyperglycemia with little or no ketoacidosis.Diverse neurological symptoms have been described in NKH patients,including choreoathetosis,hemiballismus,seizures,and coma in severe cases.Homonymous hemianopia,with or without occipital seizures,caused by hyperglycemia is less readily recognized.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 54-year-old man with NKH,who reported seeing round,colored flickering lights with right homonymous hemianopia.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormalities in the left occipital lobe,with decreased T2 signal of the white matter,restricted diffusion,and corresponding low signal intensity in the apparent diffusion coefficient map.He responded to rehydration and a low-dose insulin regimen,with improvements of his visual field defect.CONCLUSION Patients with NKH may present focal neurologic signs.Hyperglycemia should be taken into consideration when making an etiologic diagnosis of homonymous hemianopia.
