Pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis

Disease overview of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).PBC is one of the main subgroups of chronic cholestatic liver disease.In 2015,the designation of PBC was changed from primary biliary cirrhosis to remove the“cirrhosis stigma”to more accurately reflect the disease and its natural course[1,2].PBC is a chronic cholestasis disease mediated by autoimmunity.

The causes of adverse reactions in traditional Chinese medicine

With the increasingly widespread application of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice,the safety of traditional Chinese medicine has been given more attention.The occurrence of adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will harm the health of patients,leading to a certain incidence rate and mortality rate,and serious adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will lead to increased treatment costs of patients,bringing huge economic burden to patients and society[1-3].

Distribution of IOP and its relationship with refractive error and other factors:the Anyang University Students Eye Study

AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subjects were invited to complete ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,noncontact tonometr y(NCT),cycloplegic autorefraction,and ocular biometry.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between IOP and other factors.Only data from right eyes were used in analysis.RESULTS:A total of 7720 subjects aged 16 to 26 years old were included,and 2834(36.4%)of the participants were male.The mean IOP of the right eye for all subjects was 15.52±3.20 mm Hg(95%CI:15.45,15.59).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,IOP was found to correlate significantly with younger age(P<0.001;standardized regression coefficientβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.139;95%CI:-0.18,-0.09),higher myopic refractive error(P=0.044;standardizedβ,-0.060;regression coefficientβ,-0.770;95%CI:-0.15,-0.002),higher central corneal thickness(P<0.001;standardizedβ,0.450;regression coefficientβ,0.044;95%CI:0.04,0.05),and shorter axial length(AL;P<0.001;standardizedβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.163;95%CI:-0.25,-0.07).CONCLUSION:This study described the normal distribution of IOP.In Chinese university students aged 16-26 y,higherIOP is associated with younger age,higher myopic refractive error,higher thickness of the central cornea,and shorter AL.

前、后路减压治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折合并脊髓受压的疗效对比研究

目的比较前、后路减压2种方法治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折合并脊髓受压的疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2013年1月-2015年1月在该院就诊的胸腰段脊柱骨折合并脊髓受压60例患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为实验组和对照组,实验组采取前路减压内固定治疗,对照组采取后路减压内固定治疗,所有手术均由同一治疗小组完成。观察并记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口大小及围手术期并发症,采用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)运动评分及触觉评分评估术前及术后1年神经功能,行胸腰段X线评估术前及术后1年伤椎椎体高度、Cobb角及骨折愈合情况。结果治疗前,两组研究对象的ASIA运动评分、触觉评分、伤椎椎体高度及Cobb角比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年,上述指标均与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且实验组运动评分、感觉评分及伤椎椎体高度、Cobb角度均比对照组要高。实验组比对照组术中出血多,手术时间长,切口要长,围术期并发症发生的多。随访1年时,两组研究对象骨折均已愈合,无断钉、断棒、及钉棒拔出等情况。结论 2种手术方式均能提供脊柱坚强的内固定,利于骨折的愈合。相比较后路手术而言,前路减压内固定术能够更好地减压脊髓,促进脊髓功能的恢复,更好地改善神经功能,但前路手术创伤大,出血稍多,需要更加细致的围手术期准备。

Progress in the effect of inflammatory microenvironment on osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common chronic joint degenerative disease in the population,involving progressive focal cartilage degeneration,bone hypertrophy(osteophyte formation and subchondral osteosclerosis),synovial joint inflammation,synovial sac thickening,and structural changes of periarticular ligaments and peripheral muscles[1],among which the degeneration of articular cartilage and joint inflammation are the main characteristics[2].

Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major disease impacting men’s health worldwide.Peplau,who is known as“the mother of psychiatric society,”developed an interpersonal relationship theory for nursing.Implementation of this theory in practice has been shown to positively impact patients’quality of life and reduce adverse symptoms after surgery.AIM To investigate the effects of a nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)participated in this study.These patients were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University or Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between January 2020 and April 2021.Patients were randomized into either the Peplau nursing group(n=44)or a routine nursing group(n=45).The routine nursing group received routine care and bladder function training,while the Peplau care group received care that integrated concepts from the Peplau interpersonal relationship theory as well as bladder function training.The urinary incontinence symptoms of the two groups were recorded,and the respective International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS),Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being(FACIT-Sp)scores,and quality of life(QOL)scores for each group were compared before and after three months of nursing intervention.RESULTS During the intervention period,the duration of urinary incontinence,frequency,number and amount of urinary incontinence were significantly greater in the routine nursing group compared to the Peplau care group(P<0.05).The indicators of the routine nursing group were 7.13±2.42 days,8.23±2.75 times,and 1.24±0.42 L,while those of the Peplau care group were 4.74±1.85 d,4.21±1.26 times,and 0.56±0.11 L,respectively.After three months of intervention,the mean IPSS score of the routine nursing group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the mean FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were significantly increased(P<0.05).The mean IPSS score in the Peplau nursing group was significantly lower compared to the routine nursing group,while the FACIT-Sp and QOL scores were higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A nursing model based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training can significantly improve prostate function and urinary symptoms,resulting in the restoration of physiological function and improvement in the QOL of patients with prostate cancer following TURP.

All-parameters Rayleigh wave inversion

Since S-wave velocity of the subsurface is an important parameter in near surface applications,many studies have been conducted for its estimation.Among the various methods that use surface waves or body waves,Rayleigh wave inversion is the most popular.In practice,the densities and P-wave velocities of different layers are usually assumed to be known to avoid ill-posed problems,as they have less influence on the dispersion curves.However,improper assignment of these two groups of parameters leads to inaccurate estimation of the S-wave velocity profile.In order to address this problem,the all-parameters Rayleigh wave inversion strategy is proposed in which the S-wave velocities,layer thicknesses,densities and P-wave velocities of different layers are included as the unknown parameters for inversion.Meanwhile,the transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo(TMCMC)algorithm is applied for the implementation of all-parameters Rayleigh wave inversion.One simulated example and two real-test applications are demonstrated to verify the capability of the proposed method in the estimation of the S-wave velocity profile,the densities and the P-wave velocities.Furthermore,it is verified that the proposed method achieved more accurate S-wave velocity profile estimation than the traditional approach.

Directional Filter for SAR Images Based on Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform and Immune Clonal Selection

A directional filter algorithm for intensity synthetic aperture radar （SAR） image based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform （NSCT） and immune clonal selection （ICS） is presented. The proposed filter mainly focuses on exploiting different features of edges and noises by NSCT. Furthermore, ICS strategy is introduced to optimize threshold parameter and amplify parameter adaptively. Numerical experiments on real SAR images show that there are improvements in both visual effects and objective indexes.

Bayesian Rayleigh wave inversion with an unknown number of layers

Surface wave methods have received much attention due to their efficient, flexible and convenient characteristics. However, there are still critical issues regarding a key step in surface wave inversion. In most existing methods, the number of layers is assumed to be known prior to the process of inversion. However, improper assignment of this parameter leads to erroneous inversion results. A Bayesian nonparametric method for Rayleigh wave inversion is proposed herein to address this problem. In this method, each model class represents a particular number of layers with unknown S-wave velocity and thickness of each layer. As a result, determination of the number of layers is equivalent to selection of the most applicable model class. Regarding each model class, the optimization search of S-wave velocity and thickness of each layer is implemented by using a genetic algorithm. Then, each model class is assessed in view of its efficiency under the Bayesian framework and the most efficient class is selected. Simulated and actual examples verify that the proposed Bayesian nonparametric approach is reliable and efficient for Rayleigh wave inversion, especially for its capability to determine the number of layers.

MIXED EXCITATION IN ELECTROLUMINESENCE

Among the present three types of electric field-induced luminescence we noticed similarities between the inorganic and organic materials in electric field intensity. In this high electric field range SiO2 has three functions: acceleration, excitation and multiplication of electrons. Based on the acceleration effect, cathodoluminescence-like emission of organic molecules and polymers was found. By using the three functions of SiO2 or II-VI compounds and the heterojunction of inorganic and organic material we realized different variants of mixed excitation in electroluminescence.

Nerve coblation for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A case report

BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia(TN) is a severe type of neuropathic pain which is often inadequately managed using conventional therapies. In this report, we present the first case of TN treated with gasserian ganglion nerve coblation(NC).CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old man presented with right facial pain, mostly localized in the right zygomatic zone, alveolar region, and jaws. Similar to acupuncture and shock pain, the pain lasted about five seconds after each attack before resolving unaided. A diagnosis of TN was made, after which treatment with acupuncture therapy and oral carbamazepine was given. However, the pain was not satisfactorily controlled. Subsequently, gasserian ganglion NC of the right trigeminal nerve guided by computed tomography(CT) was performed on the patient. Following this procedure, the right zygomatic, alveolar, submandibular,and cheek pain disappeared completely. The right zygomatic and alveolar areas experienced mild numbness(level II). At 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-mo follow-ups after surgery, the patient was painless and the numbness score was level I.CONCLUSION CT-guided gasserian ganglion(NC) is an effective treatment for TN and is associated with less or no postoperative numbness or hypoesthesia in comparison with current standard-of-care approaches.

Crude oil wax:A review on formation,experimentation,prediction,and remediation techniques

Wax deposition during crude oil production,transportation,and processing has been a headache since the early days of oil utilization.It may lead to low mobility ratios,blockage of production tubing/pipelines as well as fouling of surface and processing facilities,among others.These snags cause massive financial constraints increasing projects’turnover.Decades of meticulous research have been dedicated to this problem that is worth a review.Thus,this paper reviews the mechanisms,experimentation,thermodynamic and kinetic modeling,prediction,and remediation techniques of wax deposition.An overall assessment suggests that available models are more accurate for single than multi-phase flows while the kind of remediation and deployment depend on the environment and severity level.In severe cases,both chemical and mechanical are synergistically deployed.Moreover,future prospective research areas that require attention are proposed.Generally,this review could be a valuable tool for novice researchers as well as a foundation for further research on this topic.

Analysis of the detailed factors affecting the subtitle translation

In recent years,as the cross-cultural exchanges between China and other countries have become more frequent,more and more English film and television works have flooded into the Chinese market,attracting the attention of many audiences.In order to enable Chinese audiences to better appreciate these film and television works,high-quality and high-level subtitle translation is indispensable.Since China started late in film and television sector,there are still many immature places in the research on subtitle translation.This article aims to analyze several classic English film and television works,summarize,and study the detailed factors that affect subtitle translation.

Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 4-Substituted Chroman-2-ones Through Asymmetric Lactone Hydrogenation

Esters are abundant in natural and synthetic products and their conversion into primary alcohols holds great importance in fine chemical synthesis.However,achieving asymmetric hydrogenation(AH)of racemic esters with remote stereocenters via kinetic resolution(KR)remains a formidable challenge due to the difficulties associated with discerning spatially distant stereocenters.To address this issue,we have designed a hydroxy-assisted strategy that introduces a hydroxy group into racemicβ-aryl esters to facilitate hydrogenation and enhance chiral discrimination through a lactone form.By employing chiral Ir-SpiroPAP catalysts,we achieved exceptional AH of racemic 4-substituted chroman-2-ones,lactone form of ortho-hydroxylatedβ-aryl esters,via KR,resulting in impressive selectivity factor(s)values of up to 600.This approach exhibited significant efficacy for racemic chroman-2-ones containingβ-aryl,alkenyl,alkynyl,and alkyl groups,enabling the synthesis of chiralγ-aryl primary alcohols and the recovery of chiralβ-aryl esters or chroman-2-ones,typically difficult to access using existing methods.The scalability and broad synthetic applications of this method were exemplified by successfully synthesizing chiral drugs(R)-fesoterodine and enrasentan,alongside various chiral intermediates essential for producing chiral drugs and natural products.These promising results highlight the potential of this approach as a powerful tool for synthesizing valuable chiral compounds.

人工智能与计算化学:电子电镀表界面研究的新视角

电子电镀是以芯片为代表的高端电子制造业核心技术之一,其过程耦合了宏观多场作用下的物质传输与微观界面电化学过程,且受动力学影响.如何利用计算化学的方法来研究其中的电沉积是一个挑战.电极与电镀液构成的界面是电镀过程重要的反应场所,明确电子电镀表界面的双电层结构以及电沉积作用机理能够加快镀液配方的研发效率.本文重点介绍适用于电子电镀表界面机理研究的各类计算方法,包括分子动力学模拟、数值仿真和数据驱动方法,以启发读者充分利用人工智能的技术优势,将适用于各种研究尺度的计算化学方法积极应用到电子电镀表界面基础研究中.

Synthesis of substitutional hexaboride of lanthanum and cerium La_(1-x)Ce_(x)B_(6) via aluminothermic reduction

Rare-earth hexaborides(REB_(6))are vital raw materials for cathode materials and high temperature structural ceramics that are widely applied as high-frequency electron tubes and ceramics adaptive for extreme environment,respectively.In this work,single phase substitutional solid solution REB_(6)(LaB_(6),La_(0.75)Ce_(0.25)B_(6).La_(0.5)Ce_(0.5)B_(6),La_(0.25)Ce_(0.75)B_(6) and CeB_(6))powders were prepared with the raw materials of La_(2)O_(3),CeO_(2),B_(4)C and Al powders,after calcining at 1773 K for 4 h and the following alkaline leaching.All substitutional solid solution products have homogeneous distributions of La and Ce in particles.Through microscopic morphology analysis,it is discovered that the formation of solid solution is beneficial for reducing the particle size of product,relative to LaB_(6) and CeB_(6).Moreover,Al flux plays an important role in decarbonizing reaction,and C contents of all products are below 0.4 wt%.

Design, methodology, and preliminary results of the follow-up of a population-based cohort study in rural area of northern China:Handan Eye Study

Background:Handan Eye Study (HES),a large population-based cohort study in rural area of northern China,was one of the few studies focusing on the major eye diseases of rural Chinese population.The aim of this study was to introduce the design,methodology and to assess the data quality of the follow-up phase of HES.Methods:All participants were recruited in Yongnian county of Handan city between 2012 and 2013.Main outcomes were measured by visual quality scales and ocular examinations.We performed the Chi-square test to make comparison of categorical data among groups,One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to make comparison of continuous data among groups,a post-hoc test was done to make further pairwise comparison.Inter-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the consistency between different operators.Logistic regression was used to explore the influence factors of death,odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the effect size of each influence factor.Results:The follow-up rate was 85.3%.Subjects were classified into three groups:the follow-up group (n =5394),the loss to follow-up group (n =929),and the dead group (n =507),comparison of their baseline information was done.Compared with the other two groups,age of the dead group (66.52 ± 10.31 years) was the oldest (Z =651.293,P < 0.001),male proportion was the highest (59.0 %)(x2 =42.351,P < 0.001),only 65.9 % of the dead finished middle school education (Z =205.354,P < 0.001).The marriage percentage,body mass index (BMI),best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),and intra-ocular pressure of the dead group was the lowest either.Spherical equivalent error (SER) of the dead group was the highest.Besides,history of smoking,hypertension,diabetes,and heart disease were more common in the dead group.Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR =1.901,95% CI:1.074-1.108),gender (OR =0.317,95% CI:0.224-0.448),and BCVA (OR =0.282,95% CI:0.158-0.503) were associated with death.While between the follow-up group and the loss to follow-up group,there was only difference on age,gender,BMI,systolic blood pressure and SER.The Cronbach coefficients of all scales used in the follow-up were ≥0.63 and the cumulative variances were ≥0.61,indicating good reliability and validity.The ICCs and Kappa coefficients between different operators were ≥0.69.Conclusions:HES has a high follow-up rate and a low risk of loss to follow-up bias.Age,gender,and BCVA are influence factors of death.Specifically,male subjects are at a higher risk of death than female,age is a risk factor of death while BCVA is a protective factor for death.

Layer-Wise Pre-Training Low-Rank NMF Model for Mammogram-Based Breast Tumor Classification

Image-based breast tumor classification is an active and challenging problem.In this paper,a robust breast tumor classification framework is presented based on deep feature representation learning and exploiting available information in existing samples.Feature representation learning of mammograms is fulfilled by a modified nonnegative matrix factorization model called LPML-LRNMF,which is motivated by hierarchical learning and layer-wise pre-training(LP)strategy in deep learning.Low-rank(LR)constraint is integrated into the feature representation learning model by considering the intrinsic characteristics of mammograms.Moreover,the proposed LPML-LRNMF model is optimized via alternating direction method of multipliers and the corresponding convergence is analyzed.For completing classification,an inverse projection sparse representation model is introduced to exploit information embedded in existing samples,especially in test ones.Experiments on the public dataset and actual clinical dataset show that the classification accuracy,specificity and sensitivity achieve the clinical acceptance level.

Label-free quantification of peptides in solution by disposable patterned hydrophilic chip based MALDI imaging

Quantification of a mixture of peptides in solution was achieved by disposable patterned hydrophilic chip based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging（MALDI MSI）.Compared with other quantitative methods for peptides in solution, this method is label-free and does not require separation of the multiple components of the solution before analysis. Uniform hydrophilic spots and high mass accuracy measurements provided confident identification and quantitative analysis of imaged compounds. The linear correlation between concentration and grayscale of image in the range of 5 fmol/μ L to 1 pmol/μ L was obtained for all four peptides. Good sensitivity and excellent reproducibility were also achieved. The method expands the application of MALDI MSI from tissues to solutions.