High mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1),which is a nuclear protein,participates in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation.When released from cells,HMGB1 also plays a well-established role as a pro-infl...High mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1),which is a nuclear protein,participates in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation.When released from cells,HMGB1 also plays a well-established role as a pro-inflammatory mediator during innate immune responses to injury.In the initial stage of injury,there is a release of large quantities of early pro-inflammatory mediators to initiate or perpetuate immune responses against pathogens,but this pro-inflammatory period is transient,and it is followed by a prolonged period of immune suppression.At present,several lines of evidences have suggested that HMGB1 is a late cytokine provoking delayed endotoxin morbidity,which may enhance the production of early proinflammatory mediators,and it can contribute potently to the activation of different immune cells and play a role in the development of host cell-mediated immunity.The biology of HMGB1 has been extensively studied as a pro-inflammatory cytokine of systemic inflammation,however,this review will attempt to provide a summary of the effects of HMGB1 on different immune cells and its regulatory mechanism in acute insults.展开更多
Objective:To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.Data sources:Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases:Wanfang,China National Know...Objective:To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.Data sources:Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases:Wanfang,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and the Web of Science.We focused on research published before August 2019 with keywords including chronic wound,biofilm,bacterial biofilms,and chronic wound infection.Study selection:Relevant articles were selected by carefully reading the titles and abstracts.Further,different diagnosis and clinical treatment methods for chronic wound biofilm were compared and summarized from the selected published articles.Results:Recent guidelines on medical biofilms stated that approaches such as the use of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy are the most reliable types of diagnostic techniques.Further,therapeutic strategies include debridement,negative pressure wound therapy,ultrasound,antibiotic,silver-containing dressing,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and others.Conclusion:This review provides the identification and management of biofilms,and it can be used as a tool by clinicians for a better understanding of biofilms and translating research to develop best clinical practices.展开更多
基金supported,in part,by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation(81130035,30971192,81071545,81272090,81121004)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB518102)
文摘High mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1),which is a nuclear protein,participates in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation.When released from cells,HMGB1 also plays a well-established role as a pro-inflammatory mediator during innate immune responses to injury.In the initial stage of injury,there is a release of large quantities of early pro-inflammatory mediators to initiate or perpetuate immune responses against pathogens,but this pro-inflammatory period is transient,and it is followed by a prolonged period of immune suppression.At present,several lines of evidences have suggested that HMGB1 is a late cytokine provoking delayed endotoxin morbidity,which may enhance the production of early proinflammatory mediators,and it can contribute potently to the activation of different immune cells and play a role in the development of host cell-mediated immunity.The biology of HMGB1 has been extensively studied as a pro-inflammatory cytokine of systemic inflammation,however,this review will attempt to provide a summary of the effects of HMGB1 on different immune cells and its regulatory mechanism in acute insults.
文摘Objective:To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.Data sources:Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases:Wanfang,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and the Web of Science.We focused on research published before August 2019 with keywords including chronic wound,biofilm,bacterial biofilms,and chronic wound infection.Study selection:Relevant articles were selected by carefully reading the titles and abstracts.Further,different diagnosis and clinical treatment methods for chronic wound biofilm were compared and summarized from the selected published articles.Results:Recent guidelines on medical biofilms stated that approaches such as the use of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy are the most reliable types of diagnostic techniques.Further,therapeutic strategies include debridement,negative pressure wound therapy,ultrasound,antibiotic,silver-containing dressing,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and others.Conclusion:This review provides the identification and management of biofilms,and it can be used as a tool by clinicians for a better understanding of biofilms and translating research to develop best clinical practices.
