Lomatogonium rotatum extract alleviates diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat,high-sugar diet and streptozotocin in rats

BACKGROUND Lomatogonium rotatum(LR)is traditionally used in Mongolian folk medicine as a hypoglycemic agent,but its evidence-based pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.AIM To emphasize the hypoglycemic action mechanism of LR in a type 2 diabetic rat model and examine potential biomarkers to obtain mechanistic understanding regarding serum metabolite modifications.METHODS A high-fat,high-sugar diet and streptozotocin injection-induced type 2 diabetic rat model was established.The chemical composition of the LR was identified by high performance liquid chromatography.LR extract administrated as oral gavage at 0.5 g/kg,2.5 g/kg,and 5 g/kg for 4 wk.Anti-diabetic effects of LR extract were evaluated based on histopathological examination as well as the measurement of blood glucose,insulin,glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1),and lipid levels.Serum metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach.RESULTS According to a chemical analysis,swertiamarin,sweroside,hesperetin,coumarin,1.7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyl xanthone,and 1-hydroxy-2,3,5 trimethoxanone are the principal active ingredients in LR.An anti-diabetic experiment revealed that the LR treatment significantly increased plasma insulin and GLP-1 levels while effectively lowering blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and oral glucose tolerance test compared to the model group.Furthermore,untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum samples detected 236 metabolites,among which 86 were differentially expressed between the model and the LR group.It was also found that LR considerably altered the levels of metabolites such as vitamin B6,mevalonate-5P,Dproline,L-lysine,and taurine,which are involved in the regulation of the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway,selenium amino acid metabolic pathway,pyrimidine metabolic pathway,and arginine and proline metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION These findings indicated that LR may have a hypoglycemic impact and that its role may be related to changes in the serum metabolites and to facilitate the release of insulin and GLP-1,which lower blood glucose and lipid profiles.

Efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan after six months in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and asymptomatic hypotension

BACKGROUND It is not clear whether sacubitril/valsartan is beneficial for patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejec-tion fraction(HFrEF)and low systolic blood pressure(SBP).This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sacu-bitril/valsartan in HFrEF patients with SBP<100 mmHg.METHODS&RESULTS An observational study was conducted on 117 patients,40.2%of whom had SBP<100 mmHg wit-hout symptomatic hypotension,and 59.8%of whom had SBP≥100 mmHg in an optimized HF follow-up management system.At the 6-month follow-up,52.4%of patients with SBP<100 mmHg and 70.0%of those with SBP≥100 mmHg successfully rea-ched the target dosages of sacubitril/valsartan.A reduction in the concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was similar between patients with SBP<100 mmHg and SBP≥100 mmHg(1627.5 pg/mL and 1340.1 pg/mL,respectively;P=0.75).The effect of sacubitril/valsartan on left ventricular ejection fraction was observed in both SBP categories,with a 10.8%increase in patients with SBP<100 mmHg(P<0.001)and a 14.0%increase in patients with SBP≥100 mmHg(P<0.001).The effects of sac-ubitril/valsartan on SBP were statistically significant and inverse across both SBP categories(P=0.001),with an increase of 7.5 mmHg in patients with SBP<100 mmHg and a decrease of 11.5 mmHg in patients with SBP≥100 mmHg.No statistically signi-ficant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the occurrence of symptomatic hypotension,deteriorating re-nal function,hyperkalemia,angioedema,or stroke.CONCLUSIONS Within an optimized HF follow-up management system,sacubitril/valsartan exhibited excellent tolerability and prompted left ventricular reverse remodeling in patients with HFrEF who presented asymptomatic hypotension.

PPV联合抗VEGF治疗增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变远期疗效的Meta分析

目的:探究玻璃体切除(PPV)术联合或不联合抗VEGF药物治疗增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(PDR)的远期疗效。方法:计算机检索PUBMED、EMBASE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、Web of Science等多个数据库,查找自建库至2020-07-02关于比较PPV术前是否行抗VEGF药物治疗PDR预后效果的临床随机对照试验(RCT),根据文献纳入与排除标准筛选文献,并进行数据提取和质量评价,主要评价指标包括术后视网膜脱离发生率、黄斑中心凹厚度和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)。结果:最终纳入11项(880眼)RCT研究。Meta分析结果显示,术前行抗VEGF治疗的PDR患者PPV术后视网膜脱离发生率明显低于未注射抗VEGF药物患者(RR=0.39,95%CI 0.22~0.71,P=0.002);亚裔和非亚裔患者中,单纯PPV与联合抗VEGF治疗患者PPV术后视网膜脱离发生率均具有显著差异(亚裔:RR=0.20,95%CI 0.05~0.87,P=0.03;非亚裔:RR=0.46,95%CI 0.24~0.89,P=0.02)。术前抗VEGF治疗的PDR患者PPV术后3、6mo黄斑中心凹厚度均低于PPV术前未行抗VEGF治疗的患者(MD=-78.49,95%CI-94.81~-62.17,P<0.00001;MD=-39.62,95%CI-48.44~-30.80,P<0.00001)。术前抗VEGF治疗的PDR患者PPV术后6mo BCVA优于未行抗VEGF治疗的患者(MD=-0.16,95%CI-0.21~-0.10,P<0.00001)。结论:PPV术前行抗VEGF治疗可有效降低PDR患者术后视网膜脱离发生率,缓解术后黄斑水肿,降低黄斑中心凹厚度,并改善视力预后。

简述胃肠动力调节机制的研究进展

胃肠动力是消化道生理功能的重要组成部分,其功能紊乱是引起多种胃肠动力障碍疾病的关键因素之一.这些疾病严重影响人们的正常生活.随着科研技术的发展,人们对胃肠动力调节机制方面的研究越来越多,其作用机制主要涉及对胃肠激素、肠道菌群、胃肠道神经递质、脑—肠肽、Cajal间质细胞和胃肠电活动的调节等.除此之外,很多研究发现苦味及其受体对胃肠运动有一定的调节作用.该文章主要简述了几种调节胃肠动力的机制研究进展.

Effect and mechanism of salvianolic acid B on the myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B on rats with myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=10 in each group):A sham operation group,B ischemic reperfusion group model group,C low dose salvianolic acid B group,D median dose salvianolic acid B group,E high dose salvianolic acid B group.One hour after establishment of the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model,the concentration and the apoptotic index of the plasma level of myocardial enzymes(CTnⅠ,CKMB),SOD,MDA,NO,ET were,measured.Heart tissues were obtained and micro-structural changes were observed.Results:Compared the model group,the plasma CTnⅠ,CK-MB,MDA and ET contents were significantly increased,NO,T-SOD contents were decreased in the treatment group(group C,D,and E)(P<0.05);compared with group E,the plasma CTnⅠ,CKMB,MDA and ET levels were increased,the NO,T-SOD levels were decreased in groups C and D(P<0.05).Infarct size was significantly reduced,and the myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved significantly in treatment group.Conclusions:Salvianolic acid B has a significant protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.It can alleviate oxidative stress,reduce calcium overload,improve endothelial function and so on.

Bitter components related to alleviating intestinal obstruction in traditional Mongolian medicine

Intestinal obstruction is a blockage that keeps digesta from passing through upper or lower intestine.Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)has been proven to be efficacious in the clinical treatment of intestinal obstruction.However,the mechanism of its treatment has not been studied.The bitter taste receptors(T2Rs)are highly expressed in the extra-oral digestive system,such as gastrointestinal tract,which can regulate gastrointestinal peristalsis and contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.In the respiratory system,T2Rs can relax the airway smooth muscle and effectively alleviate asthma symptoms.In this review,the theory and clinical applications of bitter herbs in TMM were discussed and the functional expression of T2Rs and bitter taste signal transduction pathway were analyzed to investigate whether bitter Mongolian medicine may play an effective role in promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis.Therefore,the scientific connotation of the theory of bitter medicinal property of TMM was interpreted by combining T2Rs research and application of modern technology.This new research approach may enrich and improve the basic theory and accelerate the modernization of TMM.