Metformin administration in prevention of colorectal polyps in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps are frequently observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM),posing a significant risk for colorectal cancer.Metformin,a widely prescribed biguanidine drug for type 2 DM,has been suggested to have potential chemoprophylactic effects against various cancers.AIM To explore the correlation between colorectal polyps and metformin use in type 2 DM patients.METHODS Type 2 DM patients were categorized into polyp and non-polyp groups.Following this,all patients were categorized into the type 2 DM-metformin,type 2 DM-non-metformin,and non-type 2 DM groups.Based on the baseline colonoscopy results,we performed pairwise comparisons of the incidence of colorectal polyps among the three groups.Additionally,we analyzed the relationship between colorectal polyps and the duration of metformin use and between the size and number of polyps and metformin use.Simultaneously,we focused on the specific pathological types of polyps and analyzed their relationship with metformin use.Finally,we compared the incidence of polyps between metformin and non-metformin groups according to the interval colonoscopy results.RESULTS The rate of metformin use in patients with colorectal polyps was 0.502 times that of patients without colorectal polyps[odds ratio(OR)=0.502,95%confidence interval(CI):0.365-0.689;P<0.001].The incidence of colorectal polyps did not differ significantly between the type 2 DM-metformin and non-type 2 DM groups(P>0.05).Furthermore,the correlations between the duration of metformin use and the incidence of colorectal polyps and between the size and number of polyps and metformin use were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Metformin use did not affect the incidence of colorectal polyps during interval colonoscopy(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Metformin use and colorectal polyp incidence in type 2 DM patients showed a negative correlation,independent of the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.

痛泻要方对急性放射性肠炎大鼠肠组织的防护作用及机制

目的初步研究痛泻要方对急性放射性肠炎(radiation enteritis,RE)大鼠肠组织的防护作用及机制.方法随机将48只♂SD大鼠分为4组:A组为正常对照组(n=12)、B组为模型照射组(n=12)、C组为痛泻要方组(n=12)、D组为谷氨酰胺组(n=12);A组不予任何处理,其余三组均以高能X线直线加速器给予10 Gy全腹腔照射.造模成功后第1天,A组和B组给予蒸馏水,C组给予中药痛泻要方,D组给予谷氨酰胺,各组均连续灌胃7 d.每日观察大鼠一般状况、排便情况及体重变化.各组均于灌胃结束后6 h取空肠组织,光镜下观察肠组织形态学变化.检测空肠组织匀浆一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的含量,ELISA法测定空肠黏膜炎性因子白介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)的蛋白含量.结果灌胃结束后,除B组于造模第3天死亡1只外,其余各组均无死亡.C组和D组大鼠的一般状况及黏液血便均有不同程度改善,体重增加较B组明显(P<0.05).与B组比较,C组和D组大鼠的NO、IL-6及TNF-α含量均出现下降(P<0.05).C组和D组大鼠的IL-10含量较B组大鼠明显升高,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).结论痛泻要方对急性RE大鼠的肠黏膜具有防护作用,其机制可能与降低空肠NO、IL-6及TNF-α活性,提高IL-10含量,减轻肠组织炎症反应有关.

Study on the mechanism of Guizhi Fuling pill in the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To explore the main active components and mechanism of Guizhi Fuling pill in the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:TCMSP database was used to retrieve and screen the active components of each Chinese medicine in Guizhi Fuling pill.The main active components of the medicine were screened through the network analysis function of Cytoscape software,and the target of the main active components of the medicine was found in UniProt database.Using genecards,OMIM,digsee,TTD,and drugbank database to retrieve the related targets of ovarian cancer.The interaction between the target of the main active components of the drug and the related target of ovarian cancer was obtained by R software.The intersection targets are imported into string database for PPI analysis,and then the results are imported into Cytoscape to get the hub gene using the cyclohubba plug-in.KEGG pathway analysis and go enrichment analysis were carried out in metascape database.At last,autodock tools was used to verify the main active ingredients and the selected target proteins.PyMOL and LigPlus software visualized the results.Results:The main active components of Guizhi Fuling pills were quercetin,β-sitosterol,kaempferol,hederagenin,catechin,ellagic acid,stigmasterol and Douglas fir.There are 20 pivotal genes of drug effect on ovarian cancer,including VEGFA,AKT1,mapk8,Jun,MMP9,IL6,TNF,CXCL8,PTGS2,TP53,CASP3,mapk1,EGF,ESR1,EGFR,Myc,FOS,CCL2,CXCL8 and IL1B.According to KEGG pathway analysis,10 pathways with the highest correlation were found:cancer signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,hepatitis B,trypanosomiasis,age-rage signaling pathway in diabetic complications,tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,pertussis,IL-17 signaling pathway,and bladder cancer.Go enrichment analysis has screened out 10 important items in molecular biological function,cell components and biological process.The proteins encoded by IL6,mapk1,VEGFA,AKT1,TP53,TNF and CCL2 were used as targets to dock with the main active components of the drug respectively,and the best results were TNFαand ellagic acid.Conclusion:The main active components of Guizhi Fuling pill regulate multiple signal pathways by regulating IL6,VEGFA,CCL2,TNF,MMP9 and other cytokines,and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Synthesis, bioactivity and functional evaluation of linker-modified allatostatin analogs as potential insect growth regulators

Insect growth regulators play an important role in integrated pest management strategies.The FGLa–allatostatins（ASTs）are a family of neuropeptides that can inhibit juvenile hormone（JH）biosynthesis by the corpora allata（CA）of Diploptera punctata in vitro,are regarded as insect growth regulator candidates.In the search for new potential mimics and to explore the effect of linker length on inhibiting JH biosynthesis,a series of AST analogs were synthesized by modifying the linker of K24,which was found to have a significant effect on JH biosynthesis in vitro in our previous study.Functional evaluation demonstrated that all the target compounds can activate the Dippu-Ast R,albeit with different potencies.Analog L6 with the longest linker（n=5）,exhibited not only a promising effect on inhibition of JH biosynthesis both in vitro and in vivo,but also good activity in inhibiting basal oocyte growth.Structure–activity relationships（SAR）studies showed that longer linkers provided greater contribution to activity.

Controlled synthesis of silver nanoplates and nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride

An easy and effective method of silver nanoplate synthesis technique was created by reducing silver nitrate （AgNO3） with hydroxylamine hydrochloride （NH2OH·HCl） at room temperature. Silver nanoplates of various shapes, including triangular, truncated triangular, hexagonal, and truncated hexagonal, exhibit an average width and thickness of approximately 1 μm and 50 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles were acquired by placing polyvinyl pyrrolidone （PVP） in the reaction solution. The produced silver nanoparticles are quasi-spherical in shape and - 100 nm in size. The catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate （AID） was distinguished by thermogravimetric （TG） analysis and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The outcomes reveal that the addition of silver nanoplates and nanoparticles diminishes the low decomposition temperature of AP by 7 and 14 ℃ and leads to a drop in the high decomposition temperature of AP by 60 and 110 ℃ and a rise in the total DSC heat release by 0.86 and 1.05 kJ.g^-1, respectively.