“多元化二段式”教学模式在眼科学专业硕士研究生培养中的实践应用

目的:探讨“多元化二段式”教学模式在眼科学专业硕士研究生培养中的应用效果。方法:选取32名2017届、2018届和2019届的眼科学专业硕士研究生,将每届研究生都随机均分为研究组和对照组(各16人)。研究组采用“多元化二段式”教学模式进行教学;对照组采用传统教学模式进行教学。同组不同届研究生的教学内容相同,教学老师相同,教学时间为33mo的临床实践期,研究时间为2014~2019年,通过对研究组和对照组的眼科学专业硕士研究生的临床实践进行对比,从临床专业考核、科研能力考核、综合考核成绩、学生满意度及梦焦虑自评分数来分析“多元化二段式”教学模式与传统教学模式的不同。考试内容相同,评分标准统一。结果:研究组满意度评分为101.38±6.29分,综合成绩84.22±4.58分,梦焦虑评分17.31±5.20分;对照组满意度评分为59.13±9.61分,综合成绩75.72±5.14分,梦焦虑评分25.75±3.32分。研究组临床技能、科研创新、综合成绩的评分均高于对照组,而梦焦虑评分低于对照组(均P<0.05)。梦焦虑评分与教学模式满意度评分、学生满意度评分呈负相关(r=-0.746、-0.618,均P<0.05)。结论:“多元化二段式”教学模式相较于传统教学模式提高了眼科学专业硕士研究生理论知识、科研创新、身心健康等的综合素质,是目前眼科学专业硕士研究生教学的最佳模式。

标准化病人结合CBL教学模式在眼科学专业硕士临床实践教学中的应用

目的:探讨标准化病人(SP)与以病例为基础的学习(CBL)模式相结合的教学模式应用在眼科学专业硕士研究生临床实践教学中的效果。方法:于2017-07/2019-07选取南昌大学第一附属医院眼科病区2017、2018、2019级专业硕士研究生40名为研究对象,随机进行分组,研究组20名采取SP+CBL案例式相结合的教学模式;对照组20名采取传统课堂带教学习(LBL)教学模式。两组教学师资、内容与时间(12mo)无差别,观察并比较两组学生学习能力、理论知识和临床技能操作考核成绩,并针对学生对教学效果的评价进行统计学分析。结果:两组学生入学成绩无明显差异,教学后研究组学生学习积极性、记忆效率、临床操作技能及医患沟通能力均更具优势(P<0.05),理论知识和临床技能操作考核成绩均优于对照组(87.95±6.78分vs 78.95±6.28分,82.20±4.53分vs 75.95±4.05分,均P<0.05),且研究组学生对实行SP+CBL案例式教学模式的评价显著高于实行LBL教学模式的对照组(P<0.05)。结论:SP与CBL案例式教学相结合的教学模式对眼科学专业硕士研究生的临床实践教学有显著优势。

不同途径注射地塞米松对2型糖尿病大鼠房水药物浓度和血糖的影响

目的:评价地塞米松不同途径给药对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠房水药物浓度和血糖的影响。方法:将造模成功的T2DM大鼠随机分为实验组(注射地塞米松磷酸钠)和对照组(注射生理盐水),每组根据给药途径不同随机分为球旁注射组、球后注射组、结膜下注射组三个亚组。注射0~24h采集大鼠尾静脉血经试纸法测定血糖浓度,注射0.5~24h,采用高效液相-质谱法测定大鼠双眼房水内地塞米松浓度。结果:不同途径注射地塞米松磷酸钠或生理盐水对T2DM大鼠血糖浓度的影响无明显差异(P>0.05)。不同途径注射地塞米松磷酸钠后0.5~24h,实验组大鼠双眼房水地塞米松浓度峰值:结膜下注射组(957.34±3.60ng/mL)>球后注射组(859.60±3.56ng/mL)>球旁注射组(732.38±4.56ng/mL)。结论:球旁、球后、结膜下注射地塞米松磷酸钠对T2DM大鼠血糖影响无明显差异,而结膜下注射操作简单,较球旁和球后注射可在短时间内达到较高的药物浓度。

Abnormal resting-state functional network centrality in patients with high myopia： evidence from a voxel-wise degree centrality analysis

AIM： To investigate the functional networks underlying the brain-activity changes of patients with high myopia using the voxel-wise degree centrality（DC） method.METHODS： In total, 38 patients with high myopia（HM）（17 males and 21 females）, whose binocular refractive diopter were-6.00 to-7.00 D, and 38 healthy controls（17 males and 21 females）, closely matched in age, sex, and education levels, participated in the study. Spontaneous brain activities were evaluated using the voxel-wise DC method. The receiver operating characteristic curve was measured to distinguish patients with HM from healthy controls. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance.RESULTS： Compared with healthy controls, HM patients had significantly decreased DC values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right middle frontal gyrus, and right supramarginal/inferior parietal lobule（P〈0.05）. In contrast, HM patients had significantly increased DC values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus, and right middle cingulate gyrus（P〈0.05）. However, no relationship was found between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： HM is associated with abnormalities in many brain regions, which may indicate the neural mechanisms of HM. The altered DC values may be used as a useful biomarker for the brain activity changes in HM patients.

Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling versus its flap insertion for macular hole in high myopia: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the anatomic and functional outcomes between vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling and internal ILM flap insertion technique for high myopia macular hole(MH).METHODS: Pub Med, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CNKI were systematically searched, and all studies involved MH were included. The closure rate of MH and the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at 6 mo after the initial surgery were the primary measures. All statistical tests were performed in Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS: Five studies that included 151 eyes of 151 patients were finally included, all of which were retrospectively comparative studies. Between the pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) with ILM peeling surgery and the ILM insertion technique, the latter had significantly better efficacy with respect to the closure rate of MH(OR=21.32, 95%CI=7.25-62.67, P<0.001);However, regarding BCVA at 6 mo after the initial surgery in MH, there was no statistical significance between the groups(OR=-0.04, 95%CI=-0.22-0.14, P=0.66). In addition, regarding the rate of retinal reattachment after the initial surgery, the two different methods were not significantly different(OR=2.22, 95%CI=0.34-14.32, P=0.4).CONCLUSION: Both ILM peeling and ILM insertion technique could significantly improve anatomic outcomes of MH in high myopia with or without retinal detachment(RD), and anatomic outcomes are more effective. However, there is no statistical significance in BCVA at 6 mo after the initial surgery in MH, or in the rate of retinal reattachment after the first surgery, between the two methods.

The prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in retinopathy of prematurity

AIM： To evaluate the associations between development of retinopathy of prematurity（ROP） and serum lymphocyteto-monocyte ratio（LMR）, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR）, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio（PLR）. METHODS： A retrospective cohort study was performed, involving infants who were screened for ROP from January 2015 to December 2015. Preterm newborns of ≤32 gestational weeks with ROP were enrolled as the observation group, and non-ROP infants were enrolled as the control group, whose complete blood cell were measured within the first 24 h of life. The levels of NLR, LMR and PLR were determined in all groups. The data obtained were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS： In this study, 40 cases of ROP were enrolled and 40 cases of non-ROP as controls. The LMR levels were significantly higher（P〈0.001） in ROP group（3.96±1.16） compared to non-ROP group（2.85±0.79）. The NLR levels were significantly lower（P=0.035） in ROP group {median [interquartile range（IQR）], 0.88（0.67-1.46）} compared to non-ROP group [median（IQR）, 1.20（0.85-1.89）]. The median PLR values were 61.99（IQR, 50.23-75.98） in ROP group and 69.24（IQR, 55.52-88.12） in non-ROP group（P=0.104）. Logistic regression analysis suggested that LMR was an independent risk factor for ROP（OR： 0.275; 95% CI： 0.134-0.564; P=0.001）. CONCLUSION： The findings demonstrate that higher LMR is independently and significantly associated with the development of ROP, and the LMR may be invoked as a predictive tool for identifying risk for ROP.

Discrete DNA Three-dimensional Nanostructures： the Synthesis and Applications

Structural DNA nanotechnology, an emerging technique that utilizes the nucleic acid molecule as generic polymer to programmably assemble well-defined and nano-sized architectures, holds great promise for new material synthesis and constructing functional nanodevices for different purposes. In the past three decades, rapid development of this technique has enabled the syntheses of hundreds and thousands of DNA nanostructures with various morphologies at different scales and dimensions. Among them, discrete three-dimensional （3D） DNA nanostructures not only represent the most advances in new material design, but also can serve as an excellent platform for many important applications. With precise spatial addressability and capability of arbitrary control over size, shape, and function, these nanostructures have drawn particular interests to scientists in different research fields. In this review article, we will briefly summarize the development regarding the synthesis of discrete DNA 3D nanostructures with various size, shape, geometry, and topology, including our previous work and recent progress by other groups. In detail, three methods majorly used to synthesize the DNA 3D objects will be introduced accordingly. Additionally, the principle, design rule, as well as pros and cons of each method will be highlighted. As functions of these discrete 3D nanostructures have drawn great interests to researchers, we will further discuss their cutting-edge applications in different areas, ranging from novel material synthesis, new device fabrication, and biomedical applications, etc. Lastly, challenges and outlook of these promising nanostructures will be given based on our point of view.

Amorphous FeNiCoCuSiBCr Alloys with Superior Direct Current Tolerant Characteristics

Amorphous Fe62-x Ni19CoxCu0.1 Si3.8B14Cr1. 1 （x=0, 1, 5, 10） ribbons were annealed under magnetic field and tensile stress, respectively, and their magnetic properties were investigated. Fe73.5 Cu1 Nb3 Si15.5 B7 and Fe66 Ni10- Cu1 Nb3Si11 B9 nanocrystalline alloy ribbons were also fabricated for comparison. Excellent DC tolerant property was obtained in the amorphous FeNiCoCuSiBCr ribbons after thermomagnetic treatment and the constant permeable property was improved with increasing Co content. The relative permeability was constant up to the DC bias field of approximately 6 ×10 ^-4 , 9 ×10 ^-4, and 10 × 10^-4 T and the values of relative permeability μ were 1 650, 1 200, and 1 000 with the Co content being 0, 5 at. %, and 10 at.%, respectively. Besides, stress-annealed FeNiCoCuSiBCr al- loy ribbons were proved to exhibit positive saturation magnetostriction constant λs.

Binary self-assembly of highly symmetric DNA nanocages via sticky-end engineering

Discrete and symmetric three-dimensional（3D） DNA nanocages have been revoked as excellent candidates for various applications,such as guest component encapsulation and organization（e.g.dye molecules,proteins,inorganic nanoparticles,etc.） to construct new materials and devices.To date,a large variety of DNA nanocages has been synthesized through assembling small individual DNA motifs into predesigned structures in a bottom-up fashion.Most of them rely on the assembly using multiple copies of single type of motifs and a few sophisticated nanostructures have been engineered by co-assembling multi-types of DNA tiles simultaneously.However,the availability of complex DNA nanocages is still limited.Herein,we demonstrate that highly symmetric DNA nanocages consisted of binary DNA pointstar motifs can be easily assembled by deliberately engineering the sticky-end interaction between the component building blocks.As such,DNA nanocages with new geometries,including elongated tetrahedron（E-TET）,rhombic dodecahedron（R-DOD）,and rhombic triacontahedron（R-TRI） are successfully synthesized.Moreover,their design principle,assembly process,and structural features are revealed by polyacryalmide gel electrophoresis（PAGE）,atomic force microscope（AFM） imaging,and cryogenic transmission electron microscope imaging（cryo-TEM） associated with single particle reconstruction.