Effects of Qingfei Xiaoyan pill combined with ceftriaxone and azithromycin on immune index, oxidative stress and inflammatory index in senile CAP patients

Objective: To explore the effects of Qingfei Xiaoyan pill combined with ceftriaxone and azithromycin on immune index, oxidative stress and inflammatory index in senile CAP patients. Methods: A total of 130 patients with CAP admitted to Yulin first hospital from October 2016 to December 2017 were randomly divided into control group (n = 65) and observation group (n = 65), the control group was treated with ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin, while the observation group was treated with Qingfei Xiaoyan Pill on the basis of the control group, the changes of cellular humoral immune function, oxidative stress index and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, while the level of CD8+ was significantly lower than before treatment, the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the level of CD8+ was significantly lower than those in the control group;the levels of IgA and IgM in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of MDA and SOD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the level of MDA in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the levels of SOD in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of PCT and CRP in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment , and the levels of PCT and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions:Qingfei Xiaoyan pill combined with ceftriaxone and azithromycin can effectively enhance the immune function of elderly patients with CAP, enhance the body's antioxidant effect and reduce its inflammatory reaction, which is of clinical significance.

Spatial and spectral investigation of turbulent kinetic energy in cavitating flow generated by Clark-Y hydrofoil

In the present paper,the turbulent cavitating flow generated by a Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated by large eddy simulation(LES)combined with Zwart-Gerber-Belamri(ZGB)cavitation model.In order to shed light on the influence of cavitation on turbulent energy distribution among scales,energy spectrum obtained from the three-dimensional velocity field is firstly applied to turbulent cavitating flow.Spatial and spectral distributions of turbulent kinetic energy are studied for both non-cavitating flow and cavitating flow.Cavitation is found to have a significant effect on the original turbulent flow by inducing more large-scale turbulent structures.The energy spectrum of cloud cavitating flow also experiences a periodic evolution as cavitation develops,and a large amount of turbulent kinetic energy is found to generate as the first shedding,cutoff and second shedding of cavities happen.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of monopole acoustic energy dominated by unsteady thermodynamic cavitating flow

The acoustic propagation characteristics of the cavitating flow are essential for the noise suppression, but were not well studied. In the current paper, a new technique concerning the propagation path of the monopole acoustic energy is presented and two typical thermodynamic cavitation modes (the inertial and thermal modes) are selected to investigate the effect of the cavity shedding dynamics on the acoustic propagation path. In the inertial mode, the temporal variation and the spatial distributions of the monopole acoustic energy as well as the divergence of the monopole acoustic pressure are both more powerful and concentrated than that in the thermal mode. The acoustic propagation path in the thermal mode strictly satisfies the feature of the convective amplification, while there exists another propagation direction close to the normal direction of the foil surface in the inertial mode. Furthermore, the occurrence of the normal direction propagation will make the path deviate from the convective direction.

Numerical simulation of multi-scale cavitating flow with special emphasis on the influence of vortex on micro-bubbles

A multi-scale Euler-Lagrange method is applied in the current paper to investigate the characteristics of turbulent cloud cavitating flow around a Clark-Y hydrofoil,in which macroscopic cavitating structures are simulated by volume of fluid(VOF)approach,while micro-scale bubbles are modelled based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation and bubble motion equation.The numerical results are in reasonable agreement with the available experiments,and the transition between multi-scale structures is captured clearly.The evolution of microscopic bubble behaviors is statistically investigated.During one typical cycle,numbers and Sauter mean radius of the bubbles show a similar variation tendency which both sharply spike to their maxima after the breakup of the sheet cavity,and then decrease continuously to their minima before the next breakup.Discrete bubbles are mainly concentrated at the tail of the attached cavity,in front of the cloud cavity and in the region quite close to the hydrofoil suction side.Furthermore,vortices are extracted to account for the micro-scale hydrodynamics.It is found that intense vortices aggravate turbulence fluctuation,thus spalling cavity to generate massive micro bubbles.Meanwhile,the vortices provide microscopic bubbles low pressure and detain them so that numerous bubbles are able to grow.These effects are remarkable after the breakup of attached sheet cavity,owing to the violent vortices generated.On the contrary,when sheet cavity develops,the flow field becomes comparatively stable since the strong vortices travel downstream.Few micro-scale bubbles are produced,and their volume is generally small.