Colorectal cancer(CRC)causes approximately 600000deaths annually and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.Despite significant advancements in treatment options,CRC patient survival is still poor ow...Colorectal cancer(CRC)causes approximately 600000deaths annually and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.Despite significant advancements in treatment options,CRC patient survival is still poor owing to a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and a limited capacity for optimal therapeutic decision making.Since there exists a need to find new biomarkers to improve diagnosis of CRC,the research on epigenetic biomarkers for molecular diagnostics encourages the translation of this field from the bench to clinical practice.Epigenetic alterations are thought to hold great promise as tumor biomarkers.In this review,we will primarily focus on recent advances in the study of epigenetic biomarkers for colorectal cancer and discuss epigenetic biomarkers,including DNA methylation,microRNA expression and histone modification,in cancer tissue,stool,plasma,serum,cell lines and xenografts.These studies have improved the chances that epigenetic biomarkers will find a place in the clinical practices of screening,early diagnosis,prognosis,therapy choice and recurrence surveillance for CRC patients.However,these studies have typically been small in size,and evaluation at a larger scale of well-controlled randomized clinical trials is the next step that is necessary to increase the quality of epigenetic biomarkers and ensure their widespread clinical use.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.The pathogenesis mechanisms of gastric cancer are still not fully clear.Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes an...Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.The pathogenesis mechanisms of gastric cancer are still not fully clear.Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations are known to play significant roles in carcinogenesis.Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes,particularly caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters,is critical to carcinogenesis and metastasis.Here,we review the recent progress in the study of methylations of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.We also briefly describe the mechanisms that induce tumor suppressor gene methylation and the status of translating these molecular mechanisms into clinical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81071651 and No.81372622the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of ST innovation,No.2012R10046-03+3 种基金Major State Basic Research Development Program,No.2010CB834303National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,No.2012AA02A601Major Projects in Zhejiang Province,No.2012C13014-1the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2012FZA7020
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)causes approximately 600000deaths annually and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.Despite significant advancements in treatment options,CRC patient survival is still poor owing to a lack of effective tools for early diagnosis and a limited capacity for optimal therapeutic decision making.Since there exists a need to find new biomarkers to improve diagnosis of CRC,the research on epigenetic biomarkers for molecular diagnostics encourages the translation of this field from the bench to clinical practice.Epigenetic alterations are thought to hold great promise as tumor biomarkers.In this review,we will primarily focus on recent advances in the study of epigenetic biomarkers for colorectal cancer and discuss epigenetic biomarkers,including DNA methylation,microRNA expression and histone modification,in cancer tissue,stool,plasma,serum,cell lines and xenografts.These studies have improved the chances that epigenetic biomarkers will find a place in the clinical practices of screening,early diagnosis,prognosis,therapy choice and recurrence surveillance for CRC patients.However,these studies have typically been small in size,and evaluation at a larger scale of well-controlled randomized clinical trials is the next step that is necessary to increase the quality of epigenetic biomarkers and ensure their widespread clinical use.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770920 and 81071651)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.R2100213,2009C33142,Z2090056 and WKJ2009-2-028)973 Project(No.2010CB834300)
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.The pathogenesis mechanisms of gastric cancer are still not fully clear.Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations are known to play significant roles in carcinogenesis.Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes,particularly caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters,is critical to carcinogenesis and metastasis.Here,we review the recent progress in the study of methylations of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.We also briefly describe the mechanisms that induce tumor suppressor gene methylation and the status of translating these molecular mechanisms into clinical applications.
