BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMe...BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database inception through March 2022 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational studies considering the effect of the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs on survival in elderly patients(≥60 years)with HErEF.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.The secondary outcomes were cardiac mortality,HF hospitalization,and the composite endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization.A meta-analysis was conducted to generate combined hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS Seven studies(two RCTs and five observational studies)enrolling 16,634 patients were included.A pooled analysis suggested that the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs led to lower rates of all-cause mortality(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.87–0.98,I2=21%)and cardiac mortality(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.85–1.00,I2=15%)but not reduced rates of HF hospitalization(HR=0.94,95%CI:0.88–1.01,I2=0)and the composite endpoint(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.91–1.15,I2=51%).However,the target dose of RASIs was associated with a similar primary outcome(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.64–1.14,I2=0)in a subgroup of very elderly patients>75 years of age.CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the target dose of RASIs has a better survival benefit in elderly patients with HFrEF compared to the sub-target dose of RASIs.However,the sub-target dose of RASIs is associated with a similar mortality rate in very elderly patients>75 years of age.Future high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.展开更多
AIM:To compare the short-term impacts of femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)on ocular surface measures and tear inflammatory mediators.METHODS:Th...AIM:To compare the short-term impacts of femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)on ocular surface measures and tear inflammatory mediators.METHODS:This prospective comparative nonrandomized clinical study comprised 75 eyes(75 patients).Totally 20 male and 15 female patients(age 21.62±3.25 y)with 35 eyes underwent FLEx,and 26 male and 14 female patients(age 20.18±3.59 y)with 40 eyes underwent FS-LASIK.Central corneal sensitivity,noninvasive tear breakup time,corneal fluorescein staining,Schirmer I test,tear meniscus height,and ocular surface disease index were evaluated in all patients.Tear concentrations of nerve growth factor(NGF),interleukin-1α(IL-1α),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were assessed by multiplex antibody microarray.All measurements were performed preoperatively,and 1 d,1 wk,and 1 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Patients who underwent FLEx exhibited a more moderate reduction in central corneal sensation and less corneal fluorescein staining than those in the FS-LASIK group 1 wk after the procedure(P<0.01).NGF was significantly higher 1 d and 1 wk after surgery in the FS-LASIK group than in the FLEx group(P<0.01).By contrast,compared to those in the FLEx group,higher postoperative values and slower recovery of tear TGF-β1,IL-1α,and TNF-αconcentrations were observed in the FS-LASIK group(P<0.01).Tear concentrations of NGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1αwere correlated with ocular surface changes after FLEx or FS-LASIK surgery.CONCLUSION:There is less early ocular surface disruption and a reduced inflammatory response after FLEx than after FS-LASIK.NGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1αmay contribute to the process of ocular surface recovery.展开更多
Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature o...Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO thin film are investigated. Increasing the thickness of buffer layer and substrate temperature can both promote the transformation of AZO from amorphous to crystalline structure, while they show(100)and(002) unique preferential orientations, respectively. After inserting Zr(50)Cu(50) layer between the glass substrate and AZO film, the sheet resistance and visible transmittance decrease, but the infrared transmittance increases. With substrate temperature increasing from 25℃ to 520℃, the sheet resistance of AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film first increases and then decreases, and the infrared transmittance is improved. The AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film deposited at a substrate temperature of 360℃ exhibits a low sheet resistance of 26.7 ?/, high transmittance of 82.1% in the visible light region, 81.6% in near-infrared region, and low surface roughness of 0.85 nm, which are useful properties for their potential applications in tandem solar cell and infrared technology.展开更多
Zirconyl pyrophosphate(ZrP_2O_7) was prepared and Cs adsorption behavior was studied.Results show that the distribution coefficient of Cs adsorption on ZrP_2O_7 was about 2800 mL/g.Ion exchange capacity of ZrP_2O_7 wa...Zirconyl pyrophosphate(ZrP_2O_7) was prepared and Cs adsorption behavior was studied.Results show that the distribution coefficient of Cs adsorption on ZrP_2O_7 was about 2800 mL/g.Ion exchange capacity of ZrP_2O_7 was0.35 mmol/g.In dynamic tests,Cs can be separated from other fission products very well by ZrP_2O_7.The ZrP_2O_7was stable both at high temperatures and in high concentration of nitric acid.The Cs adsorption by ZrP_2O_7 is a monolayer and chemical adsorption.展开更多
In this work,a high-strength Mg-10Gd-2Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloy was prepared via eight passes of equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP).The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and ECAP alloys were systema...In this work,a high-strength Mg-10Gd-2Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloy was prepared via eight passes of equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP).The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and ECAP alloys were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and electronic universal testing machine.The obtained results indicate that the microstructure of as-cast alloy consists ofα-Mg dendrite,network Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)phase and lamellar 14H long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase which is precipitated near the boundary of Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)networks.After eight-pass ECAP,the network Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)phase is deformed and broken.However,the refined Mg_3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles are not distributed uniformly in the matrix,but still aggregated at the interdendritic area.Moreover,the content of 14H lamellas increases obviously,and they become bent and kinked during severe deformation.DRX is activated in the region between Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles and 14H clusters.Compression test at room temperature indicates that the ECAP alloy exhibits excellent mechanical property with compressive strength of 518 MPa and fracture strain of 21.6%.The comprehensive high strength and toughness could be ascribed to the refined Mg_3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles,DRX grains and kinked 14H LPSO phase.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2020ZLYS05)。
文摘BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database inception through March 2022 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational studies considering the effect of the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs on survival in elderly patients(≥60 years)with HErEF.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.The secondary outcomes were cardiac mortality,HF hospitalization,and the composite endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization.A meta-analysis was conducted to generate combined hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS Seven studies(two RCTs and five observational studies)enrolling 16,634 patients were included.A pooled analysis suggested that the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs led to lower rates of all-cause mortality(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.87–0.98,I2=21%)and cardiac mortality(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.85–1.00,I2=15%)but not reduced rates of HF hospitalization(HR=0.94,95%CI:0.88–1.01,I2=0)and the composite endpoint(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.91–1.15,I2=51%).However,the target dose of RASIs was associated with a similar primary outcome(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.64–1.14,I2=0)in a subgroup of very elderly patients>75 years of age.CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the target dose of RASIs has a better survival benefit in elderly patients with HFrEF compared to the sub-target dose of RASIs.However,the sub-target dose of RASIs is associated with a similar mortality rate in very elderly patients>75 years of age.Future high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870681)Key Program of the Department of Science and Technology of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2020151)+1 种基金Huaxia Translational Medicine Fund For Young Scholars(No.2017-D-001)Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.A2020406)。
文摘AIM:To compare the short-term impacts of femtosecond lenticule extraction(FLEx)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)on ocular surface measures and tear inflammatory mediators.METHODS:This prospective comparative nonrandomized clinical study comprised 75 eyes(75 patients).Totally 20 male and 15 female patients(age 21.62±3.25 y)with 35 eyes underwent FLEx,and 26 male and 14 female patients(age 20.18±3.59 y)with 40 eyes underwent FS-LASIK.Central corneal sensitivity,noninvasive tear breakup time,corneal fluorescein staining,Schirmer I test,tear meniscus height,and ocular surface disease index were evaluated in all patients.Tear concentrations of nerve growth factor(NGF),interleukin-1α(IL-1α),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were assessed by multiplex antibody microarray.All measurements were performed preoperatively,and 1 d,1 wk,and 1 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Patients who underwent FLEx exhibited a more moderate reduction in central corneal sensation and less corneal fluorescein staining than those in the FS-LASIK group 1 wk after the procedure(P<0.01).NGF was significantly higher 1 d and 1 wk after surgery in the FS-LASIK group than in the FLEx group(P<0.01).By contrast,compared to those in the FLEx group,higher postoperative values and slower recovery of tear TGF-β1,IL-1α,and TNF-αconcentrations were observed in the FS-LASIK group(P<0.01).Tear concentrations of NGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1αwere correlated with ocular surface changes after FLEx or FS-LASIK surgery.CONCLUSION:There is less early ocular surface disruption and a reduced inflammatory response after FLEx than after FS-LASIK.NGF,TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1αmay contribute to the process of ocular surface recovery.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51571085)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(Grant No.19212210210)+1 种基金the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee,China(Grant No.13B430019)the Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China。
文摘Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO thin film are investigated. Increasing the thickness of buffer layer and substrate temperature can both promote the transformation of AZO from amorphous to crystalline structure, while they show(100)and(002) unique preferential orientations, respectively. After inserting Zr(50)Cu(50) layer between the glass substrate and AZO film, the sheet resistance and visible transmittance decrease, but the infrared transmittance increases. With substrate temperature increasing from 25℃ to 520℃, the sheet resistance of AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film first increases and then decreases, and the infrared transmittance is improved. The AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film deposited at a substrate temperature of 360℃ exhibits a low sheet resistance of 26.7 ?/, high transmittance of 82.1% in the visible light region, 81.6% in near-infrared region, and low surface roughness of 0.85 nm, which are useful properties for their potential applications in tandem solar cell and infrared technology.
基金supported by the Defense Advanced Research Project
文摘Zirconyl pyrophosphate(ZrP_2O_7) was prepared and Cs adsorption behavior was studied.Results show that the distribution coefficient of Cs adsorption on ZrP_2O_7 was about 2800 mL/g.Ion exchange capacity of ZrP_2O_7 was0.35 mmol/g.In dynamic tests,Cs can be separated from other fission products very well by ZrP_2O_7.The ZrP_2O_7was stable both at high temperatures and in high concentration of nitric acid.The Cs adsorption by ZrP_2O_7 is a monolayer and chemical adsorption.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20160869)the Nantong Science and Technology Project(No.GY12015009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015B01314)。
文摘In this work,a high-strength Mg-10Gd-2Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloy was prepared via eight passes of equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP).The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and ECAP alloys were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and electronic universal testing machine.The obtained results indicate that the microstructure of as-cast alloy consists ofα-Mg dendrite,network Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)phase and lamellar 14H long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase which is precipitated near the boundary of Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)networks.After eight-pass ECAP,the network Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)phase is deformed and broken.However,the refined Mg_3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles are not distributed uniformly in the matrix,but still aggregated at the interdendritic area.Moreover,the content of 14H lamellas increases obviously,and they become bent and kinked during severe deformation.DRX is activated in the region between Mg3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles and 14H clusters.Compression test at room temperature indicates that the ECAP alloy exhibits excellent mechanical property with compressive strength of 518 MPa and fracture strain of 21.6%.The comprehensive high strength and toughness could be ascribed to the refined Mg_3(Gd,Y,Zn)particles,DRX grains and kinked 14H LPSO phase.
