Background： Ambient aerosol fine particulate matter （PM2.5） is associated with male reproductive toxicity in experiments and may have adverse effects in the female. However, studies evaluating the protective effect...Background： Ambient aerosol fine particulate matter （PM2.5） is associated with male reproductive toxicity in experiments and may have adverse effects in the female. However, studies evaluating the protective effects and precise mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone against toxic effects of PM2.5 are sparse. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone on fertility in female mice treated with PM2.5, Methods： Eighty-four ICR mice were divided into six groups： control group, PM2.5 group, PM2.5 ＋ aspirin group, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin C group, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin E group, and PM2.5 ＋ ozone group. PM2.5 was given by intratracheal instillation every 2 days for 3 weeks. Aspirin, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E were given once a day by oral gavage for 3 weeks, and ozone was administered by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 weeks. The levels ofanti-Mullerian honnone （AMH）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, and 8-hydroxy-2＇-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting analysis was used to analyze the expressions ofBcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in ovaries. Changes in histological structure were examined by light microscope and electron microscopy was used to detect ultramicrostructure. Results： The results demonstrated that PM2.5 decreased AMH levels （P 〈 0.001）; however, aspirin （P 〈 0.001）, Vitamin C （P 〈 0.001）, Vitamin E （P = 0.001）, and ozone （P = 0.002） alleviated the decrease. Changes of IL-6, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in PM2.5 group were increased compared to control group （P 〈 0.001）, while in PM2.5 ＋ aspirin, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin C, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin E, and PM2.5 ＋ ozone groups, they were statistically decreased compared to PM2.5 group （P 〈 0.001 or P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： PM2.5 cause the damage of ovaries, and aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and ozone antagonizes the damage. The protective mechanism is probably due to its ability to blunt the inflammatory and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, which subsequently suppressing the expression of apoptotic regulatory protein and reducing the incidence of ovary apoptosis.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The cisterna magna is a space lying between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata that is important in collecting cerebral spinal fluid （CSF） in some patients with contraindication or the impossibility o...INTRODUCTION The cisterna magna is a space lying between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata that is important in collecting cerebral spinal fluid （CSF） in some patients with contraindication or the impossibility of lumbar puncture and in intrathecal administration medication infusion.展开更多
文摘Background： Ambient aerosol fine particulate matter （PM2.5） is associated with male reproductive toxicity in experiments and may have adverse effects in the female. However, studies evaluating the protective effects and precise mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone against toxic effects of PM2.5 are sparse. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanisms of aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or ozone on fertility in female mice treated with PM2.5, Methods： Eighty-four ICR mice were divided into six groups： control group, PM2.5 group, PM2.5 ＋ aspirin group, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin C group, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin E group, and PM2.5 ＋ ozone group. PM2.5 was given by intratracheal instillation every 2 days for 3 weeks. Aspirin, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E were given once a day by oral gavage for 3 weeks, and ozone was administered by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 weeks. The levels ofanti-Mullerian honnone （AMH）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, and 8-hydroxy-2＇-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting analysis was used to analyze the expressions ofBcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in ovaries. Changes in histological structure were examined by light microscope and electron microscopy was used to detect ultramicrostructure. Results： The results demonstrated that PM2.5 decreased AMH levels （P 〈 0.001）; however, aspirin （P 〈 0.001）, Vitamin C （P 〈 0.001）, Vitamin E （P = 0.001）, and ozone （P = 0.002） alleviated the decrease. Changes of IL-6, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in PM2.5 group were increased compared to control group （P 〈 0.001）, while in PM2.5 ＋ aspirin, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin C, PM2.5 ＋ Vitamin E, and PM2.5 ＋ ozone groups, they were statistically decreased compared to PM2.5 group （P 〈 0.001 or P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： PM2.5 cause the damage of ovaries, and aspirin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and ozone antagonizes the damage. The protective mechanism is probably due to its ability to blunt the inflammatory and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, which subsequently suppressing the expression of apoptotic regulatory protein and reducing the incidence of ovary apoptosis.
文摘INTRODUCTION The cisterna magna is a space lying between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata that is important in collecting cerebral spinal fluid （CSF） in some patients with contraindication or the impossibility of lumbar puncture and in intrathecal administration medication infusion.
