Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome

AIM:To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ALI/ARDS).METHODS:Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI,and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed.D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase(DAO)activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry.The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples,and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq.RESULTS:Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group(P<0.01).Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and4142 species in the control and model groups,respectively.The percentage of shared species was 18.8419%.Compared with the control group,the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria(at the phylum level),Helicobacter and Roseburia(at the genus level)(P<0.01).Differences in species diversity,structure,distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group.CONCLUSION:The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea: A case report

BACKGROUND Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is defined as a malignant salivary gland tumor arising from a primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.Only three cases of CXPA of the trachea have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of tracheal CXPA in a 55-year-old woman,who presented with a more than 3-mo history of progressive dyspnea.Computed tomography of the neck and thorax revealed an inhomogeneous,broad-based lesion arising from the tracheal wall on the right side.Endoscopy revealed a subglottic neoplasm causing up to 90% luminal stenosis.The tumor was resected using a highfrequency electrosurgical snare combined with argon plasma coagulation.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was a CXPA of the trachea.CONCLUSION We report the fourth case of tracheal CXPA,and present the first instance of resection of CXPA using high-frequency electrosurgical snare and laser ablation.We also discuss the pathogenesis,diagnosis,histopathology,and systemic therapy of this rare disease.

Flexible electrical stimulation device with Chitosan-Vaseline®dressing accelerates wound healing in diabetes

The healing process of diabetic wounds is typically disordered and prolonged and requires both angiogenesis and epithelialization.Disruptions of the endogenous electric fields(EFs)may lead to disordered cell migration.Electrical stimulation(ES)that mimics endogenous EFs is a promising method in treating diabetic wounds;however,a microenvironment that facilitates cell migration and a convenient means that can be used to apply ES are also required.Chitosan-Vaseline■gauze(CVG)has been identified to facilitate wound healing;it also promotes moisture retention and immune regulation and has antibacterial activity.For this study,we created a wound dressing using CVG together with a flexible ES device and further evaluated its potential as a treatment for diabetic wounds.We found that high voltage monophasic pulsed current(HVMPC)promoted healing of diabetic wounds in vivo.In studies carried out in vitro,we found that HVMPC promoted the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)by activating PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.Overall,we determined that the flexible ES-chitosan dressing may promoted healing of diabetic wounds by accelerating angiogenesis,enhancing epithelialization,and inhibiting scar formation.These findings provide support for the ongoing development of this multidisciplinary product for the care and treatment of diabetic wounds.