Degrees of Diaphragma Sellae Descent during Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection:Predictive Factors and Effect on Outcome

This study is aimed to classify degrees of diaphragma sellae (DS) descent into sella turcica according to the surgical field block caused by the descent and to construct predictive imaging criteria for the degree of descent,and in addition,to determine whether there is any correlation between the degree of DS descent and the operative outcome (in the form of cerebrospinal fluid leak and/or presence of residual tumor).Totally,72 patients were enrolled in our study.Their clinical and radiological data as well as the high definition videos of operations were retrospectively reviewed.The degree of DS descent during the operation was classified into five degrees according to surgical field block caused by the descent.We investigated the correlation between these five degrees and the clinical findings,radiological findings as well as the surgical outcomes.We found that the most important determining factors of DS descent degree were the volume and the height of the tumor portion above diaphragma opening.On the other hand,the total tumor volume,the maximum tumor height and the morphological pattern according to Wilson's system (modified from Hardy) had no statistically significant correlation with DS degree of descent.Presence of residual tumor on postoperative magnetic resonance images was significantly correlated with Wilson's classification and with supradiaphragmatic tumor height.On the other hand,cerebrospinal fluid leak showed no statistically significant difference between variable degrees of DS descent.Volumetric data of the tumor portion above the diaphragma opening are more important than morphological data for prediction of surgical field block caused by descended DS.While DS prolapse significantly increases the difficulty of the operative procedure,residual tumor presence is mainly dependent on morphological classification,especially cavernous sinus invasion.

Nanobody-based bispecific T-cell engager (Nb-BiTE): a new platform for enhanced T-cell immunotherapy

A novel bispecific T-cell engager(BiTE)has been developed as an efficient immunotherapeutic molecule specifically bringing the T-cell and the tumor target together for enhanced immunotherapy.The general BiTE construct consists of two single-chain variable antibody fragments(scFvs)targeting a tumor-associated antigen(TAA)and a T-cell marker in tandem.The binding of BiTEs to tumor antigens induces immediate T-cells’cytotoxicity against tumor cells without involving any typical costimulatory signals,specific TCR and MHC recognition.

IGF-1R/β-catenin信号通路在2型糖尿病性骨质疏松中的作用（英文）

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)/β-联蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路是否在糖尿病性骨质疏松(DOP)病理机制中起作用。创新点:发现IGF-1R/β-catenin信号通路在DOP病理机制中起作用,可能是DOP潜在的治疗靶点。方法:收集DOP患者血清,使用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测IGF-1R水平。DOP大鼠在4周高脂饲料喂养后给予链脲佐菌素建模,对照组大鼠在普通饲料喂养4周后再给予链脲佐菌素溶媒(柠檬酸钠缓冲液)。应用双能X线吸收法、生物力学测试和苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法分别评估椎体骨量、骨强度和骨组织形态。使用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)和蛋白印迹法(western blotting)测定IGF-1R、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)和β-catenin表达及其蛋白磷酸化水平。结论:DOP患者血清IGF-1R较对照组高。DOP大鼠骨量、压缩强度明显减小,HE染色显示DOP椎体骨组织形态明显受损,IGF-1R信使RNA(mRNA)表达上调,IGF-1R、GSK-3β和β-catenin蛋白磷酸化增加。由此可见,IGF-1R/β-catenin信号通路在DOP的病理机制中起作用,该发现将有利于后期DOP治疗靶点的开发。