Nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres and the small gap sleeve bridging technique to repair peripheral nerve injury

We previously prepared nerve growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres to treat rat sciatic nerve injury using the small gap sleeve technique.Multiple growth factors play a synergistic role in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury;as a result,in this study,we added basic fibroblast growth factors to the microspheres to further promote nerve regeneration.First,in an in vitro biomimetic microenvironment,we developed and used a drug screening biomimetic microfluidic chip to screen the optimal combination of nerve growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor to promote the regeneration of Schwann cells.We found that 22.56 ng/mL nerve growth factor combined with 4.29 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor exhibited optimal effects on the proliferation of primary rat Schwann cells.The successfully prepared nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor-poly-lactide-co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres were used to treat rat sciatic nerve transection injury using the small gap sleeve bridge technique.Compared with epithelium sutures and small gap sleeve bridging alone,the small gap sleeve bridging technique combined with drug-free sustained-release microspheres has a stronger effect on rat sciatic nerve transfection injury repair at the structural and functional level.

1470nm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效观察(附55例报告)

目的探讨1470 nm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的安全性和有效性。方法2015年10月-2017年2月该院对55例膀胱癌患者采用1470 nm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术。术前行膀胱镜检查明确肿瘤部位、数量、大小及蒂部情况,术前肿瘤临床分期为TaN0M0或者T1N0M0。采用1470 nm激光将肿瘤自基底部整块切除,深达膀胱肌层或外膜层。术后辅助使用吡柔比星膀胱灌注1年。结果该组患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间10~38 min,平均20 min,术中冲洗液清亮,未发生闭孔神经反射,无膀胱穿孔。术后常规持续膀胱冲洗1 d,留置导尿管3~7 d,术后住院时间为5~8 d,病理性质为尿路上皮癌,术后病理分期Ta期23例、T1期31例、T2期1例。随访时间6~30个月,平均15个月,4例复发(7.3%),均非原位复发。结论1470 nm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗NMIBC安全、有效,能提供相对完整的病理标本,值得临床推广应用。

基于尿控的改良1470 nm激光前列腺剜除术在高龄高危患者中的应用

目的 探讨高龄高危前列腺增生患者行保留尿控策略的1470 nm激光剜除术的手术技巧。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月-2021年3月该院收治的70例高龄高危前列腺增生患者的临床资料。其中,35例患者采用保护尿控功能的改良1470 nm激光前列腺剜除术作为保留尿控组,以同期35例采用常规1470 nm激光剜除术的患者作为对照组。比较两组患者术后拔除导尿管后各时点压力性尿失禁的发生率,分析治疗效果及安全性。结果 所有患者术后5 d拔除导尿管。拔除尿管后24 h,保留尿控组与对照组压力性尿失禁发生率分别为5.7%和31.4%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),拔除尿管后1周分别为2.9%和20.0%(P> 0.05),拔除尿管后1个月,分别为0.0%和8.6%(P> 0.05);术后3个月,两组患者压力性尿失禁发生率均为0.0%,两组间压力性尿失禁发生率在拔除导尿管1周后差异无统计学意义。术后随访3个月,两组患者最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)和生活质量评分(QOL)均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 采用基于尿控的改良1470 nm激光前列腺剜除术,术后压力性尿失禁发生率低,疗效显著,是一种适合高龄高危前列腺增生患者的安全、有效的手术方式。

基于“三线五面”膜解剖的腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗男性膀胱癌的疗效观察(附34例报告)

目的探讨基于"三线五面"膜解剖的腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗男性膀胱癌的安全性、疗效与优势。方法选取2018年1月-2020年4月郴州市第一人民医院泌尿外科收治的34例男性膀胱癌患者,均实施腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术。患者年龄54~83岁,平均(66.6±7.9)岁;多发肿瘤12例,单发肿瘤22例,其中位于三角区3例,左侧壁6例,右侧壁7例,底部4例,顶部2例;肿瘤直径1.5~7.5 cm,平均(3.6±1.6) cm;术前临床分期:cT_(2)N_(0)M_(0)20例,cT_(3)N_(0)M_(0)10例,cT_(4a)N_(0)M_(0)4例。手术均由同一高年资医师完成,按照"三线五面"("三线"即三条主线:输尿管、输精管和脐内侧韧带;"五面"即五个无血管平面:输尿管鞘平面、直肠前平面、脐动脉外侧平面、骨盆侧壁平面、耻骨后平面)的手术思路,运用膜解剖技术精准分离,先行根治性膀胱切除术,再行盆腔淋巴结清扫,最后行尿流改道。结果34例患者均顺利完成手术,根治性膀胱切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术时间为160~240 min,平均(185.6±20.3) min,术中出血量200~500 mL,无输血病例。术后病检结果:pT_(1)N_(0)M_(0)2例,pT_(2)N_(0)M_(0)18例,pT_(3)N_(0)M_(0)11例,pT_(4a)N_(0)M_(0)3例;低级别尿路上皮癌4例,高级别尿路上皮癌30例,其中高级别尿路上皮癌伴肉瘤样癌1例;手术切缘均为阴性。术后肠道功能恢复时间(2.8±0.6) d,术后出现1例粘连性肠梗阻,经非手术治疗后肠道功能恢复,术中术后无严重并发症,术后住院时间10~15 d,平均(12.5±2.6) d,术后疼痛评分1~5分,平均(3.1±1.1)分,术后随访6~28个月,平均(12.5±7.8)个月,暂无局部复发与远处转移。结论按照"三线五面"手术思路,运用膜解剖技术实施腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术,术中解剖标志清晰、组织层次分明,并发症可控,手术安全性高,疗效满意,值得临床推广运用。

肺结核患者关怀与支持干预研究进展

患者关怀与支持是影响肺结核治疗结局的重要因素。笔者对肺结核患者关怀与支持发展历程及意义、国内外研究进展、具体干预措施等方面进行介绍,为制定和实施系统、规范、完善、可行的患者关怀与支持措施提供思路,为改善患者治疗体验、健康结局和提高生活质量提供借鉴。

Prognostic value of perioperative leukocyte count in resectable gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the prognostic significance of perioperative leukopenia in patients with resected gastric cancer.METHODS: A total of 614 eligible gastric cancer patients who underwent curative D2 gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The relationship between pre- and postoperative hematologic parameters and overall survival was assessed statistically, adjusted for known prognostic factors.RESULTS: The mean white blood cell count(WBC) significantly decreased after surgery, and 107/614(17.4%) patients developed p-leukopenia, which was defined as a preoperative WBC ≥ 4.0 × 109/L and postoperative WBC < 4.0 × 109/L, with an absolute decrease ≥ 0.5 × 109/L. The neutrophil count decreased significantly more than the lymphocyte count. P-leukopenia significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation and preoperative WBC. A higher preoperative WBC and p-leukopenia were independent negative prognostic factors for survival [hazard ratio(HR) = 1.602, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.185-2.165; P = 0.002, and HR = 1.478, 95%CI: 1.149-1.902; P = 0.002, respectively] after adjusting for histology, Borrmann type, p TNM stage, vascular or neural invasion, gastrectomy method, resection margins, chemotherapy regimens, and preoperative WBC count. The patients with both higher preoperative WBC and p- leukopenia had a worse prognosis compared to those with lower baseline WBC and no p-leukopenia(27.5 mo vs 57.3 mo, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative leukocytosis alone or in combination with postoperative leukopenia could be independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with resectable gastric cancer.

Effect of etanercept on post-traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal etanercept in the inhibiting of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) in a model of penetrating ocular injury. METHODS: Penetrating ocular injury on the retina of rabbit was induced, which was subsequently treated using 0.1 mL of sterile water or 0.1 m L of 12.5 mg/mL etanercept. The development of PVR was evaluated by fundus images, the B-scan, and the histopathology. The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) as well as connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) were examined at various time points after the etanercept injection with the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The safety of etanercept was evaluated by injection of 12.5 mg/mL etanercept into a normal rabbit eye without penetrating trauma. RESULTS: Clinical assessment and grading clearly demonstrated that the PVR formation was prevented in etanercept-treated animals, which was confirmed via fundus images, B-scan and histopathology. The RT-PCR and Western blotting showed increased mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, TGF-β as well as CTGF in the retina of rabbits following penetrating ocular injury, and these factors were dramatically mitigated by ocular etanercept treatment. In addition, there was no adverse effect of etanercept intravitreal injection in normal eyes without penetrating trauma, it showed normal structure and histology. CONCLUSION: The etanercept is a potential therapy for inhibiting PVR development. To assess the clinic application of the etanercept in preventing PVR, further clinical studies are required.

Blunt aortic injury-traumatic aortic isthmus pseudoaneurysm with right iliac artery dissection aneurysm:A case report

BACKGROUND Blunt aortic injury is a special type of aortic disease.Due to its low incidence,high prehospital mortality and high probability of leakage diagnosis,the timely identification of patients with blunt aortic injury who survive the initial injury has always been a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm with right iliac artery dissection aneurysm that was diagnosed 3 mo after a traffic accident.The patient is a 76-year-old male who was knocked down by a fast-moving four-wheel motor vehicle while crossing the road(the damage mechanism was side impact).He received chest,cranial computed tomography(CT)and whole abdomen enhanced CT in the local hospital.The images suggested subarachnoid hemorrhage,right frontoparietal scalp hematoma,fracture of the right clavicle and second rib,lumpshaped mediastinal shadow outside the anterior descending thoracic aorta(mediastinal hematoma),mesenteric vascular injury with hematoma formation,pelvic fracture,and subluxation of the left sacroiliac joint.After the pelvic fracture was fixed with an external stent,he was sent to our hospital for further treatment.In our hospital,he successfully underwent partial resection of the small intestine and CT-guided screw internal fixation of the left sacroiliac joint and returned to the local hospital for rehabilitation treatment.However,since the accident,the patient has been suffering from mild chest pain,which has not aroused the attention of clinicians.During rehabilitation,his chest pain gradually worsened,and the thoracic aorta computed tomography angiography performed in the local hospital showed a pseudoaneurysm in the initial descending segment of the aortic arch.After transfer to our hospital,a dissecting aneurysm of the right external iliac artery was incidentally found in the preoperative evaluation.Finally,endovascular stent graft repair was performed,and he was discharged on the 10th day after the operation.No obvious endo-leak was found after 4 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION We highlight that emergency trauma centers should consider the possibility of aortic injury in patients with severe motor vehicle crashes and repeat the examination when necessary to avoid missed diagnoses.

阴茎癌改良临床病理肿瘤分期预后意义分析

背景与目的第8版美国癌症联合会-TNM(American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor–node–metastasis,AJCC-TNM)分期基于的是一些回顾性单中心研究。本研究旨在分析分期的预后价值,并探讨加入脉管癌栓的改良的临床病理肿瘤分期能否提高对T2–3期阴茎癌患者预后预测的准确性。方法根据第8版AJCC-TNM分期对2000年至2015年在中国和巴西2个中心接受治疗的411例患者所组成的训练队列进行分期。采用C-indexes一致性系数进行预测模型的评估,Bbootstrap再抽样法(1000次)进行模型验证。采用来自4个大洲15个中心接受治疗的436例患者的数据进行外部验证。结果根据第8版AJCC-TNM分期的T2和T3期患者有存活率重叠(P=0.587)。脉管癌栓是转移和生存的重要预后因素(均P <0.001)。多因素分析显示,仅脉管癌栓对癌症特异性生存(cancer-specific survival,CSS)有显著影响(风险比=1.587,95%置信区间=1.253–2.011;P=0.001)。发生脉管癌栓的T2和T3期患者的CSS显著短于无脉管癌栓的患者(P <0.001)。因此,我们提出一种改良的临床病理分期,将第8版AJCC-TNM分期的T2和T3期细分为如下2个新类别:T2期肿瘤侵犯尿道海绵体和/或阴茎海绵体和/或尿道且无淋巴管侵犯;T3期肿瘤侵犯尿道海绵体和/或阴茎海绵体和/或尿道并有淋巴管侵犯。加入脉管癌栓的改良的分期显示出预后分层改善,各组间CSS差异显著(均P <0.005),患者预后预测的准确性高于第8版AJCC-TNM分期(C-index,0.739 vs. 0.696)。以上结果在外部验证队列中得到了确认。结论 T2–3期阴茎癌是异质性的,加入脉管癌栓的改良临床病理分期比第8版AJCC-TNM分期对阴茎癌患者的预后预测能力更强。

Effects of Roughly Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy on the Expressions of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteoprotegerin in Osteoporotic Fracture in Rats

Background：Roughly focused extracorporeal shock waves therapy （ESWT） is characterized by a wide focal area,a large therapy zone,easy positioning,and less pain during treatment.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of roughly focused ESWT on the expression of osteoprotegerin （OPG） and bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） in osteoporotic fractures in rats.Methods：Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats,3 months old,were divided into sham-operated group （n =6） and an ovariectomized （OVX） group （n =66）.Sixty OVX SD rats were used as a model of double proximal tibial osteotomy and inner fixation.The osteotomy site in the left tibia was treated with roughly focused ESWT once at an energy density of 0.26 mJ/mm^2,60 doses/min,and 2000 pact quantities.The contralateral right tibia was left untreated and served as a control.Expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the callus of the osteoporotic fracture area was assessed using immunohistochemistry,real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）,and Western blotting analysis.Results：Bone mineral density （BMD） at the proximal tibia,femur,and L5 spine was significantly reduced after ovariectomy.BMD of proximal tibia was 12.9% less in the OVX group than that in the sham-operated group.Meanwhile,bilateral oophorectomy resulted in a lower trabecular bone volume fraction （BV/TV） in the proximal tibia of the sham-OVX animals.Three months after bilateral oophorectomy,BV/TV was 14.29% of baseline BV/TV in OVX legs versus 45.91% in the sham-OVX legs （P 〈 0.001）.These data showed that the SD rats became a suitable model of osteoporosis,3 months after they were OVX.Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher levels of BMP-2 and OPG expression in the treatment group than those in the control group.Compared with the contralateral controls,decreased expression of OPG and BMP-2 at 3 days after roughly focused ESWT,followed by a later increase at 7 days,was indicated by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis.The OPG messenger RNA （mRNA） expression levels peaked at 6 weeks after the shock wave treatment,paired with a much earlier （at 4 weeks） increase of BMP-2,and declined close to normal at 8 weeks.Conclusions：Roughly focused ESWT may promote the expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the osteoporotic fracture area in rats.BMP-2 and OPG may act synergistically and may lead to a significant enhancement of bone formation and remodeling.

Short-chain fatty acids in blood pressure, friend or foe

To the Editor:Gut microbiota,the trillions of microbes living in the human and rodent gut,play a pivotal role in cardiovascular diseases,including hypertension and atherosclerosis.One of the crucial mechanisms underlying gut microbiota functions in cardiovascular diseases is the microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).And emerging evidence demonstrated gut microbiota-derived metabolites——SCFAs maintained stable blood pressure.[1]However,there is no large cohort study on the correlation of SCFAs with hypertension.

Mineral formation on dentin induced by nano-bioactive glass

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioactive glass （BG） size on mineral formation on dentin surfaces. Totally demineralized dentin discs were treated using BG suspensions with different particle sizes： i.e., microscale bioactive glass （m-BG）, submicroscale bioactive glass （sm-BG） and nanoscale bioactive glass （n-BG）. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and 3D profile measurement laser microscopy were used to observe the surface morphology and roughness. It was found that all BG particles could promoted mineral formation on dentin surfaces, while plug-like depositions were observed on the dentin discs treated by n-BG and they were more acid-resistant. The present results may imply that n-BG has potential clinical application for dentin hypersensitivity treatment.

MMPP/M/C queue with congestion-based staffing policy and applications in operations of steel industry

A queueing model of the Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) with thresholds was investigated. The customer arrival with various arrival rates in the model was viewed as the MMPP. In contrast to the Poisson, s arrival process, the MMPP can better describe the situation that the arrival rate changes with changing conditions;therefore, the model fits better with reality. The threshold conversion was added to the model based on the general MMPP/M/C model. When the number of customers in the system exceeds a threshold, all servers work to serve;when the number of customers in the system is less than another threshold, some servers are shut down. This is the congestion-based staffing policy with two thresholds. Specifically, the problems in the slab stocking stage of slab production at the Iron and Steel Complex in China were analysed. In the slab production process, because the rate of the upstream steelmaking is not constant, the rate of slab reaching the slab yard is uncertain. The crane service is used to store slabs in a warehouse. Because the slab arrival rate varies, different numbers of cranes in service need to be optimized for cost control. Thus, MMPP was used to describe slab arrival with varied arrival rates. Therefore, an MMPP/M/C queue with thresholds was used to analyse and solve the practical problems, and the optimal number of service cranes was obtained to minimize the cost of slab stocking.

Relation of uric acid levels to aortic root dilatation in hypertensive patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Objective:Uric acid(UA) is considered to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk and hyperuricemia might be involved in the metabolic syndrome(MS).This study aims to investigate the relation between UA levels and aortic root dilatation.Methods:A total of 348 hypertensive patients [age(67.5±9.8) years] with or without MS were included in the study.The aortic root diameters at the aortic annulus,the sinuses of Valsalva,the sinotubular junction,and the proximal part of the ascending aorta were measured using a two-dimensional(2D) echocardiography.Serum UA levels were also measured for all patients.Results:A high UA level is independently associated with aortic root diameters at the sinuses of Valsalva(P=0.001) and the proximal ascending aorta(P<0.0001) in the hypertensive patients without MS.In contrast,aortic root diameters were not significantly related to UA levels in the hypertensive patients with MS.Furthermore,increased UA levels were associated with an increased risk for aortic root dilatation in the patients without MS(sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.75,95% confidence intervals(CI) 1.27-2.41),but not in those with MS.Conclusions:This study demonstrated an independent relationship between the aortic root dimensions and increased levels of serum UA in the hypertensive patients without MS.Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations may allow a clearer interpretation of the potential value of specific urate-lowering treatment on cardiovascular disease.

A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer

Background:The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis(AJCC-TNM)staging system is based on a few retrospective single-center studies.We aimed to test the prognostic validity of the staging system and to determine whether a modified clinicopathological tumor staging system that includes lymphovascular emboliza-tion could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with stage T2-3 penile cancer.Methods:A training cohort of 411 patients who were treated at 2 centers in China and Brazil between 2000 and 2015 were staged according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.The internal validation was analyzed by bootstrap-corrected C-indexes(resampled 1000 times).Data from 436 patients who were treated at 15 centers over four conti-nents were used for external validation.Results:A survivorship overlap was observed between T2 and T3 patients(P=0.587)classified according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.Lymphovascular embolization was a significant prognostic factor for metastasis and survival(all P<0.001).Based on the multivariate analysis,only lymphovascular embolization showed a significant influ-ence on cancer-specific survival(CSS)(hazard ratio=1.587,95%confidence interval=1.253-2.011;P=0.001).T2 and T3 patients with lymphovascular embolization showed significantly shorter CSS than did those without lymphovascu-lar embolization(P<0.001).Therefore,a modified clinicopathological staging system was proposed,with the T2 and T3 categories of the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system being subdivided into two new categories as follows:t2 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra without lymphovascular invasion,and t3 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra with lymphovascular invasion.The modified staging system involving lymphovascular embolization showed improved prognostic stratification with significant differences in CSS among all categories(all P<0.005)and exhibited higher accuracy in predicting patient prognoses than did the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system(C-index,0.739 vs.0.696).These results were confirmed in the external validation cohort.Conclusions:T2-3 penile cancers are heterogeneous,and a modified clinicopathological staging system that incorporates lymphovascular embolization may better predict the prognosis of patients with penile cancer than does the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.

Resonant tunneling in disordered borophene nanoribbons with line defects

Recently,borophene has attracted extensive interest as the wonder material,showing that line defects(LDs)occur widely at the interface between V_(1/5)and V_(1/6)boron sheets.Here,we study theoretically the electron transport through two-terminal disordered borophene nanoribbons(BNRs)with random distribution of LDs.Our results indicate that LDs strongly affect the electron transport properties of BNRs.Both V_(1/5)and V_(1/6)BNRs exhibit metallic behavior without any LD,in agreement with experiments.While in the presence of LDs,the overall electron transport ability is dramatically decreased,but some resonant peaks of conductance quantum are found in the transmission spectrum of any disordered BNR with arbitrary arrangement of LDs.These disordered BNRs exhibit metal-insulator transition with tunable transmission gap in the insulating regime.Furthermore,two evolution phenomena of resonant peaks are revealed for disordered BNRs with different widths.These results may help for understanding structure-property relationships and designing LD-based nanodevices.