肺脏超声对新生儿肺不张的诊断价值

目的 探讨在新生儿肺不张检查中使用肺脏超声的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年12月河南科技大学第一附属医院收治的200例疑似新生儿肺不张疾病患儿作为研究对象。所有患儿均接受胸部X线检查及肺脏超声检查,以临床诊断结果为金标准,分析探讨不同检查的方法结果。结果 两种检查方法在局灶性肺不张的阳性检出率方面无统计学差异(P> 0.05),在隐匿性肺不张的阳性检出率方面,肺脏超声较胸部X线检查高(92.3%vs. 53.85%,P=0.027);肺脏超声诊断效能高于胸部X线检查(P <0.05);治疗5天后、出院前评估两者比较均无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论 肺脏超声对新生儿肺不张具有较好的诊断效能,且在治疗期间随访、出院前评估等方面具有积极作用。

Correlational research of Golgi phosphorylation protein 3 expression in colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the effect of Golgi phosphorylation protein 3(GOLPH3) expression on cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and prognosis in colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS: The expression of GOLPH3 in CRC tissues and normal colorectal mucosae was determined by immunohistochemistry in 62 patients. In addition, immunohistochemistry was also carried out to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), CD34 and microvessel density(MVD). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to determine the apoptotic index(AI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between GOLPH3 expression and survival in another 123 CRC cases.RESULTS: Compared with normal colorectal mucosae, a notably higher level of GOLPH3 protein expression was identified in CRC tissues(53.2% vs 24.2%, P < 0.05). Positive GOLPH3 expression was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis(P = 0.001; P = 0.020; P = 0.020; P < 0.05, respectively), but not with tumor length, tumor site, and age(P = 0.363; P = 0.819; P = 0.599; P > 0.05, respectively). VEGF expression and MVD in GOLPH3-positive CRC was significantly higher than in GOLPH3-negative CRC(VEGF: 69.7% vs 31.0%; MVD: 21.45 ± 9.39 vs 14.24 ± 8.97; P < 0.05).GOLPH3 expression was negatively correlated with AI in CRC as shown by Spearman correlation analysis(r =-0.320, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate in GOLPH3-negative CRC(69.4%) was significantly higher than in GOLPH3-positive CRC(48.6%)(log-rank test, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: High expression of GOLPH3 is found in CRC tissues. GOLPH3 expression may be a novel prognostic marker for CRC patients.

Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Inflammatory Factors After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young people. Inflammatory cytokines play an important part in the pathophysiology of TBI. Recent studies demonstrate that progesterone significantly reduces cerebral edema and enhances functional recovery from TBI and stroke in several animal models. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of progesterone on inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury. Methods Progesterone was injected intraperitoneally using rats as a model of traumatic brain injury, and Western blot technique was applied to detect the expression of three inflammation-related factors： nuclear factor kappa B p65 （NFκB p65）, glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）, and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. The water content of injured brain was also examined. A neurological severity score was recorded to evaluate the effect of progesterone on neurodeficit recovery. Results NFκB p65, GFAP, and TNF-α were increased in all injured animals. In rats treated with progesterone, the expression level of NFκB p65 and TNF-α were reduced significantly in comparison with vehicle-treated rats. However, progesterone did not alter the expression of GFAP in the injured rats. Progesterone also reduced the water content of injured brain and the lesion volume. In addition, progesterone-treated injured rats showed significant improvements in the Neurological Severity Score test, compared with vehicle-treated ones. Conclusions Progesterone inhibits the inflammatory response after experimental traumatic brain injury and mitigates the severity of brain damage.

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit neuroinflammation through regulating microglial phenotypes and promoting nerve injury repair.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the mechanism by which exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neuroinflammation.Our in vitro co-culture experiments showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the polarization of activated BV2 microglia to their anti-inflammatory phenotype,inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines,and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.Our in vivo experiments showed that tail vein injection of exosomes reduced cell apoptosis in cortical tissue of mouse models of traumatic brain injury,inhibited neuroinflammation,and promoted the transformation of microglia to the anti-inflammatory phenotype.We screened some microRNAs related to neuroinflammation using microRNA sequencing and found that microRNA-181b seemed to be actively involved in the process.Finally,we regulated the expression of miR181b in the brain tissue of mouse models of traumatic brain injury using lentiviral transfection.We found that miR181b overexpression effectively reduced apoptosis and neuroinflamatory response after traumatic brain injury and promoted the transformation of microglia to the anti-inflammatory phenotype.The interleukin 10/STAT3 pathway was activated during this process.These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on neuroinflamation after traumatic brain injury may be realized by the action of miR181b on the interleukin 10/STAT3 pathway.

The role of pineal microRNA-325 in regulating circadian rhythms after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Circadian rhythm disorder is a common,but often neglected,consequence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.We previously showed that,in a rat model of HIBD,up-regulation of microRNA-325(miR-325)in the pineal gland is responsible for the suppression of Aanat,a key enzyme involved in melatonin synthesis and circadian rhythm regulation.To better understand the mechanism by which miR-325 affects circadian rhythms in neonates with HIBD,we compared clinical samples from neonates with HIBD and samples from healthy neonates recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(Dushuhu Branch)in 2019.We found that circulating miR-325 levels correlated positively with the severity of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in neonates with HIBD.Furthermore,a luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that LIM homeobox 3(LHX3)is a novel downstream target of miR-325.In addition,in miR-325 knock-down mice,the transcription factor LHX3 exhibited an miR-325-dependent circadian pattern of expression in the pineal gland.We established a neonatal mouse model of HIBD by performing doublelayer ligation of the left common carotid artery and exposing the pups to a low-oxygen environment for 2 hours.Lhx3 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in these mice and partially rescued in miR-325 knockout mice subjected to the same conditions.Finally,we showed that improvement in circadian rhythm-related behaviors in animals with HIBD was dependent on both miR-325 and LHX3.Taken together,our findings suggest that the miR-325-LHX3 axis is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms and provide novel insights into the identification of potential therapeutic targets for circadian rhythm disorders in patients with neonatal HIBD.The clinical trial was approved by Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Soochow University(approval No.2015028)on July 20,2015.Animal experiments were approved by Animal Care and Use Committee,School of Medicine,Soochow University,China(approval No.XD-2016-1)on January 15,2016.

Simultaneous determination of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide by time-resolved chemiluminescence with artificial neural network calibration

The combined use of chemometrics and chemiluminescence（CL）measurements,with the aid of the stopped-flow mixing technique,developed a simple time-resolved CL method for the simultaneous determination of captopril（CPL）and hydrochlorothiazide（HCT）.The stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system was employed in this work in order to emphasize the kinetic differences between the two analytes in cerium（IV）-rhodamine 6G CL system.After the flow was stopped,an initial rise of CL signal was observed for HCT standards,while a direct decay of CL signal was obtained for CPL standards.The mixed CL signal was monitored and recorded on the whole process of continuous-flow/stopped-flow,and the obtained data were processed by the chemometric approach of artificial neural network.The relative prediction error（RPE）of CPL and HCT was 5.9% and 8.7%,respectively.The recoveries of CPL and HCT in tablets were found to fall in the range between 95% and 106%.The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of CPL and HCT in a compound pharmaceutical formulation.

Adenoma of the posterior urethra:131 case report

Aim: A case-report on adenoma of the posterior urethra. Methods: In 131 cases of adenoma of the posteriorurethra, aged 17-79 (mean: 36.4) years, a detailed medical history was taken and urinalysis, urethroscopy, and pro-static specific antigen (PSA) immunohistochemical staining were performed. They were then treated with transurethralresection (TUR) or transurethral electric coagulation (TUEC). Results: Hemospennia occurred in 51% of the cas-es, hemamria in 38%, blood overflow from the urethral orifice in 6%, and dysuria in 5%. The position of the tumorwas at or around the vemmontanum. The appearance of the tumor was similar to those of a papilla, a villus, a dactylor polyp, or simply an engorgement. The tumor contained glandular alveoli and adeno-epithelial cells. PSA immuno-histochemistry was positive in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the adeno-epithelial cell. One hundred and tweenty-ninecases were cured after TUR or TUEC, while 2 patients recurred and were operated again. Conclusion: Adenoma ofthe posterior urethra is a common cause of hemospennia and hematuria in young men. Urethroscopic examination andbiopsy are the principal diagnostic measures. TUR or TUEC are believed to be the treatment of choice with a short-termrecurrence rate of around 1.5%. (Asian J Androl 2000; 3: 67-70)

Acute ischemic Stroke combined with Stanford type A aortic dissection:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Acute aortic dissection(AAD)is a high mortality disease that can lead to acute ischemic strokes(AIS).Some of the patients with AAD combined with AIS initially present with neurological symptoms,which can easily lead to missed or delayed AAD diagnosis.This is attributed to the lack of physician awareness or the urgency of patient thrombolysis.Intravenous administration of thrombolytic therapy(IVT)for AAD is associated with poor prognostic outcomes.We report a patient with AIS combined with AAD who developed a massive cerebral infarction after receiving IVT for a missed AAD diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old man was admitted to a local hospital with an acute onset of leftsided limb weakness accompanied by slurred speech.The patient had a history of hypertension that was not regularly treated with medication.Physical examination revealed incomplete mixed aphasia and left limb hemiparesis.Cranial computed tomography(CT)scan showed bilateral basal ganglia and lateral ventricular paraventricular infarct lesions.The patient was diagnosed with AIS and was administered with IVT.After IVT,patient’s muscle strength and consciousness deteriorated.From the local hospital,he was referred to our hospital for further treatment.Emergency head and neck CT angiography(CTA)scans were performed.Results showed multiple cerebral infarctions,and aortic dissection in the ascending aorta,innominate artery,as well as in the right common carotid artery.Then,the CTA of thoracoabdominal aorta was performed,which revealed a Stanford type A aortic dissection and aortic dissection extending from the aortic root to the left external iliac artery.Laceration was located in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch.AAD complicated with AIS was considered,and the patient was immediately subjected to cardiovascular surgery for treatment.The next day,the patient underwent aortic arch and ascending aortic replacement and aortic valvuloplasty.CONCLUSION Clinical manifestations for AAD combined with AIS are diverse.Some patients may not exhibit typical chest or back pains.Therefore,patients should be carefully evaluated to exclude AAD before administering IVT in order to avoid adverse consequences.

Application of computer tomography-based 3D reconstruction technique in hernia repair surgery

BACKGROUND Hernia is a common condition requiring abdominal surgery.The current standard treatment for hernia is tension-free repair using meshes.Globally,more than 200 new types of meshes are licensed each year.However,their clinical applications are associated with a series of complications,such as recurrence(10%-24%)and infection(0.5%-9.0%).In contrast,3D-printed meshes have significantly reduced the postoperative complications in patients.They have also shortened operating time and minimized the loss of mesh materials.In this study,we used the myopectineal orifice(MPO)data obtained from preoperative computer tomography(CT)-based 3D reconstruction for the production of 3D-printed biologic meshes.AIM To investigate the application of multislice spiral CT-based 3D reconstruction technique in 3D-printed biologic mesh for hernia repair surgery.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free repair for inguinal hernia in the Department of General Surgery of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from September 2019 to December 2019.This study included 30 males and 30 females,with a mean age of 40±5.6 years.Data on the MPO were obtained from preoperative CT-based 3D reconstruction as well as from real-world intraoperative measurements for all patients.Anatomic points were set for the purpose of measurement based on the definition of MPO:A:The pubic tubercle;B:Intersection of the horizontal line extending from the summit of the inferior edge of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis and the outer edge of the rectus abdominis,C:Intersection of the horizontal line extending from the summit of the inferior edge of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis and the inguinal ligament,D:Intersection of the iliopsoas muscle and the inguinal ligament,and E:Intersection of the iliopsoas muscle and the superior pubic ramus.The distance between the points was measured.All preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed using the t test.Differences with P<0.05 were considered significant in comparative analysis.RESULTS The distance between points AB,AC,BC,DE,and AE based on preoperative and intraoperative data was 7.576±0.212 cm vs 7.573±0.266 cm,7.627±0.212 cm vs 7.627±0.212 cm,7.677±0.229 cm vs 7.567±0.786 cm,7.589±0.204 cm vs 7.512±0.21 cm,and 7.617±0.231 cm vs 7.582±0.189 cm,respectively.All differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The use of multislice spiral CT-based 3D reconstruction technique before hernia repair surgery allows accurate measurement of data and relationships of different anatomic sites in the MPO region.This technique can provide precise data for the production of 3D-printed biologic meshes.

Karyotypic analysis of intersexuality in Chinese from Taiyuan

Aim: To analyze the kayrotypic patterns of 33 cases of intersexuality in Chinese from Taiyuan, China in order tofurther clarify its mechanism of development and the interrelationship between karyotype and phenotypic sex. Meth-ods: High-resolution GTG-banding chromosome technique was used to analyze the karyotype patterns. Results:In these patients, 57.58% were male pseudohermaphrodites (46, XY), 18.18%, female pseudohermaphrodites (46,XX), 12.12%, true hemaphrodites, and 12.12%, other karyotypes, Although testes can be seen in 88.8% of kary-otypes with Y chromosome, 73.68% of the patients were of female social sex. In 42.82% of patients the social sex isin conformity with their karyotypes. There were 2 cases of male pseudohennaphrodites, where the sex chromosome wasnormal, but abnormalities were found in chromosomes 9, 13, or 14. Conclusion: Sex chromosomes determine thedirection of gonadal and sex differentiation, while the development of the normal gonad and extemal genitalia shouldhave the participation of many autosomal chromosomes as well.

Estimation method for parameters of overlapping nuclear pulse signal

Identification of nuclear pulse signal is of importance in radioactive measurements,especially in recognizing adjacent overlapping nuclear pulses.In this article,we propose an estimation method for parameters of typical overlapping nuclear pulse signals.First,the nuclear pulses are regarded as individual genes and the norm is set as the fitness function.Second,the global optimal solution is found by searching the population of genetic algorithm,so as to estimate the parameters of nuclear pulse.With high precision,this method can identify parameters of overlapping nuclear pulses in the Sallen-Key Gaussian signal decomposition experiments.This pulse recognition method is of great significance to improve the precision of radioactive measurement and is suitable for serious overlap of nuclear pluses.

Solvent extraction of U(Ⅵ) by N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dioctylsuccinylamide and N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-didecylsuccinylamide in cyclohexane

The extraction of uranyl nitrate by novel extractants of N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dioctylsuccinylamide(DMDOSA)and N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-didecylsuccinylamide(DMDDSA) from aqueous nitric/nitrate solutions was investigated.It was found both the concentration of HNO_3 and extractants had an effect on the U(Ⅵ) extraction distribution.The extraction mechanism was established,and stoichiometry of the main extracted species was confirmed to be UO_2(NO_3)_2·2DMDOSA and UO_2(NO_3)_2·2DMDDSA,respectively.Both of the extraction reactions are exothermic.FTIR spectral study of the U(Ⅵ) extracted species was also made.

Biomedical optical properties of color light and near-infrared fuorescence separated-merged imager

Objective:We study the biomedical optical properties of the color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager.Materials and Methods:The color light and near infrared fuorescence separated merged imager can iluninate the visible light and the near infrared light of 760±10 nm,receiving the reflected light and 835±10 nm near-infrared fuorescence,and display the color,fuorescence and merge inage.ICG solution of different concentration,including standing time,was allocated to study the best inaging condition in vitro,and the depth of fuorescence penetration was studied with 5%agarose gel;the imaging characteristics of the imager was studied using SD rat;and then the SLNs tracing in 4 cases of penile carcinoma was performed.Results:When the concentration of ICG is 13.11 pumol/L,the fuorescence intensity and the merge imnage are the best.The maximun depth of fluorescence imaging is 9 mm in 5%agarose gel,while the bone has the greatest influence on it.The SLNs tracing shows that the imager can locate the SLNs in vitro,to achieve perioperative navigation during biopsy.Conclusion:There are many factors that affect the imaging effect,but the imaging effect of the imager meets the requirement of vision in a wide range,and can effectively trace the SLNs in perioperative period.

Diagnostic value of MSCT plain scan and dual-phase enhanced scan in thymic adenocarcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the value of MSCT plain scan and enhanced CT in the diagnosis of thymic adenocarcinoma. Methods: From May 2013 to June 2018, 37 cases of MSCT plain scan and dual-phase enhanced scan of thymic adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The location, shape, size, density (CT value), enhanced features, peripheral invasion and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of the lesions were observed. Results: All 37 cases of thymic adenocarcinoma were diagnosed by CT before operation, and all cases were diagnosed by pathology after operation as malignant tumors,including 28 cases of thoracic adenocarcinoma and 9 cases of invasive thymoma. All 28 cases of thymic adenocarcinoma were single lesion of anterior superior mediastinum. The maximum cross-section was located in the midline in 7 cases and on the mediastinal side in 21 cases with significant difference (P<0.05). All lesions were irregular lobulated. The minimum diameter of lesions was 2.1 cm and the maximum diameter was 8.6 cm. Soft tissue density was dominant in the solid part. All cases of thymic adenocarcinoma showed inhomogeneous, moderate and severe enhancement in the arterial and venous phase after enhancement. The degree of enhancement in the venous phase was higher than that in the arterial phase, and there was no enhancement in the irregular liquefied necrosis area. 26 cases had necrotic lesions, 21 cases had mediastinal lymph node metastasis, and 8 cases had invasion of adjacent pleura. 19 cases had mediastinal vessels and 0 cases had distant pleural metastases. Conclusion: MSCT plain scan combined with dual-phase enhanced CT is helpful to display the details and metastasis of thymic adenocarcinoma, improve the coincidence rate of CT diagnosis and pathological diagnosis, and reduce the misdiagnosis rate. To provide help for clinical diagnosis and treatment of thymic adenocarcinoma.

Ratiometric hypoxia detection by bright organic room temperature phosphorescence of uniformed silica nanoparticles in water

Organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)in water has attracted much attention recently for its potential biological applications.However,it remains a formidable challenge to achieve efficient RTP from pure organic compounds in aqueous phase due to the dramatic deactivation of triplet excited states in water and the poor water dispersibility of large organic particles/crystals.Represented herein is covalent incorporation of a pure organic monochromophore in silica nanoparticles(SiNPs)featuring fluorescence and bright phosphorescence in aqueous solution.The covalent bonding of organic phosphors in polysiloxane framework was found to show excellent water dispersibility,at the same time suppress the nonradiative deactivation of triplet excited states especially from water,thus leading to high phosphorescence quantum yields(up to 22%)and long lifetimes(up to 3.5 ms)in aqueous phase.More strikingly,oxygen-insensitive fluorescence as internal reference and oxygen-dependent phosphorescence as oxygen indicator from the organic chromophore in the porous SiNPs realized ratiometric hypoxia detection with ultrasensitivity(K_(SV)=449.3 bar^(-1)).

Lung-protective Ventilation in Patients with Brain Injury： A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study and Questionnaire Survey in China

Background： Over the years, the mechanical ventilation （MV） strategy has changed worldwide. The aim of the present study was to describe the ventilation practices, particularly lung-protective ventilation （LPV）, among brain-injured patients in China. Methods： This study was a multicenter, 1-day, cross-sectional study in 47 Intensive Care Units （ICUs） across China. Mechanically ventilated patients （18 years and older） with brain injury in a participating ICU during the time of the study, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, postoperation with intracranial tumor, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, and idiopathic epilepsy, were enrolled. Demographic data, primary diagnoses, indications for MV, MV modes and settings, and prognoses on the 60th day were collected. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess factors that might affect the use of LPV. Results： A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the present study, 87 （83.7%） of whom were identified with severe brain injury based on a Glasgow Coma Scale 〈8 points. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation （SIMV） was the most frequent ventilator mode, accounting for 46.2% of the entire cohort. The median tidal volume was set to 8.0 ml/kg （interquartile range [IQR], 7.0-8.9 ml/kg） of the predicted body weight; 50 （48.1%） patients received LPV. The median positive end-expiratory pressure （PEEP） was set to 5 cmH20 （IQR, 5-5 cmH20）. No PEEP values were higher than 10 cmH20. Compared with partially mandatory ventilation, supportive and spontaneous ventilation practices were associated with LPV. There were no significant differences in mortality and MV duration between patients subjected to LPV and those were not. Conclusions： Among brain-injured patients in China, SIMV was the most frequent ventilation mode. Nearly one-half of the brain-injured patients received LPV. Patients under supportive and spontaneous ventilation were more likely to receive LPV.

Immunology of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells

The capacity of pluri-potent stem cells to repair the tissues in which stem cells reside holds great promise in development of novel cell replacement therapeutics for treating chronic and degenerative diseases. However, numerous reports show that stem cell therapy, even in an autologous setting, triggers lymphocyte infiltration and inflammation. Therefore, an important question to be answered is how the host immune system responds to engrafted autologous stem cells or allogeneous stem cells. In this brief review, we summarize the progress in several related areas in this field, including some of our data, in four sections： （1） immunogenicity of stem cells; （2） strategies to inhibit immune rejection to allograft stem cells; （3） immune responses to cancer stem cells; and （4） mesenchymal stem cells in immune regulation. Improvement of our understanding on these and other aspects of immune system-stem cell interplay would greatly facilitate the development of stem cell-based therapeutics for regenerative purposes. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

Pathological conditions re-shape physiological Tregs into pathological Tregs

CD4^(+)FOXP3^(+)regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a subset of CD4 T cells that play an essential role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance,controlling acute and chronic inflammation,allergy,autoimmune diseases,and anti-cancer immune responses.Over the past 20 years,a significant progress has been made since Tregs were first characterized in 1995.Many concepts and principles regarding Tregs generation,phenotypic features,subsets(tTregs,pTregs,iTregs,and iTreg35),tissue specificity(central Tregs,effector Tregs,and tissue resident Tregs),homeostasis(highly dynamic and apoptotic),regulation of Tregs by receptors for PAMPs and DAMPs,Treg plasticity(re-differentiation to other CD4 T helper cell subsets,Th1,Th2,Tfh,and Th17),and epigenetic regulation of Tregs phenotypes and functions have been innovated.In this concise review,we want to briefly analyze these eight new progresses in the study of Tregs.We have also proposed for the first time a novel concept that“physiological Tregs”have been re-shaped into“pathological Tregs”in various pathological environments.Continuing of the improvement in our understanding on this important cellular component about the immune tolerance and immune suppression would lead to the future development of novel therapeutics approaches for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases,allergy,allogeneic transplantation-related immunity,sepsis,autoimmune diseases,and cancers.

Risk factors analysis for surgical site infection following elective colorectal resection:a retrospective regression analysis

Background:A surgical site infection(SSI)is a major post-operative complication from elective colorectal surgery;however,few studies have focused on evaluating the risk factors for SSI.This study aimed to analyze the relative correlation of medical and environmental factors as well as patient-related factors that contribute to the incidence of all types of SSI.Methods:A retrospective search for eligible patients was conducted using the patient database of the Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2011 to August 2017.Pre-operative demographic and surgical data were extracted and recoded according to the study protocol.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to clarify factors affecting the incidence of SSI.Propensity analysis was conducted to minimize bias in the demographic characteristics to explore the prophylactic effect of pre-operative administration of oral antibiotics.Results:Univariate analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that younger age(odds ratio[OR]:0.378;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.218–0.657)and pre-operative oral antibiotic use(OR:0.465;95%CI:0.255–0.850)were protective factors,while pre-operative anemia(OR:4.591;95%CI:2.567–8.211),neoadjuvant chemotherapy history(OR:2.398;95%CI:1.094–5.256),and longer surgical duration(OR:2.393;95%CI:1.349–4.246;P=0.002)were identified as risk factors for SSI.Multivariate analysis indicated that age(P=0.003),surgical duration(P=0.001),and pre-operative oral antibiotic use(P<0.001)were independent factors that affect the incidence of SSI.Furthermore,a propensity-matched analysis confirmed the protective effect of oral antibiotic use,with a 1-day course of oral antibiotic producing a similar effect to a 3-day course.Conclusions:Age,surgical duration,and pre-operative oral antibiotic use were associated with the incidence of SSI.However,preoperative oral antibiotic use was the only controllable factor.From the results of our study,pre-operative oral antibiotic use is recommended before elective colorectal surgery and a 1-day course is enough to provide the protective effect.

A regioselective synthesis of pentacyclic compounds containing coumarin,pyrrole,indene without catalysts under microwave irradiation

A concise and efficient approach was developed for the synthesis of pentacyclic compounds containing coumarin, pyrrole, indene in a regioselective manner in good yields via the reactions of N-substituted 4- aminocoumarin compounds and ninhydrin using microwave irradiation. No catalysts are required in our protocol.