METTL5 promotes gastric cancer progression via sphingomyelin metabolism

BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer(GC)has caused an enormous social burden worldwide.Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is closely related to tumor progression.METTL5 is a m6A methyltransferase that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the metabolic stability of cells.However,its aberrant regulation in GC has not been fully elucidated.AIM To excavate the role of METTL5 in the development of GC.METHODS METTL5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and further verified via immunohistochemistry,western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tissue microarrays and clinical samples.The tumor-promoting effect of METTL5 on HGC-27 and AGS cells was explored in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays,colony formation assays,scratch healing assays,transwell assays and flow cytometry.The tumor-promoting role of METTL5 in vivo was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model.The EpiQuik m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit was used for m6A quantification.Next,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the association between METTL5 and sphingomyelin metabolism,which was confirmed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rescue tests.In addition,we investigated whether METTL5 affects the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via colony formation and transwell experiments.RESULTS Our research revealed substantial upregulation of METTL5,which suggested a poor prognosis of GC patients.Increased METTL5 expression indicated distant lymph node metastasis,advanced cancer stage and pathological grade.An increased level of METTL5 correlated with a high degree of m6A methylation.METTL5 markedly promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells in vitro.METTL5 also promotes the growth of GC in animal models.METTL5 knockdown resulted in significant changes in sphingomyelin metabolism,which implies that METTL5 may impact the development of GC via sphingomyelin metabolism.In addition,high METTL5 expression led to cisplatin resistance.CONCLUSION METTL5 was found to be an oncogenic driver of GC and may be a new target for therapy since it facilitates GC carcinogenesis through sphingomyelin metabolism and cisplatin resistance.

Protective effect of glycyrrhetinic acid against cantharidin-induced hepatotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress in mice

Background:Cantharidin(CTD)is a commonly used natural product with anticancer properties;however,it has significant adverse effects,particularly hepatotoxicity.Glycyrrhetinic acid(GA),the active component of licorice,shows potential hepatoprotective effects.The protective effects and mechanism of GA against CTD-induced hepatotoxicity are still unclear.Objective:This study aims to elucidate the effect and mechanism of GA on CTD-induced hepatotoxicity in mice experiments.Methods:Construction of CTD-induced hepatotoxicity models and oral gavage GA intervention for 14 d.The liver index,ALT,AST and LDH levels in the serum of the mice were examined;HE staining was performed to observe pathological changes in the liver.The MDA level and SOD activities in liver tissue were tested.Western blot was conducted to determine Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related protein expression.Results:The results showed that GA significantly reduced the levels of ALT,AST,and LDH in the serum,which were increased by CTD.Additionally,it also exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the reduction of SOD activity and the elevation of malondialdehyde content in liver tissue.Notably,the phenomena of nuclear swelling,necrosis,and inflammatory infiltration of liver tissue were significantly attenuated following oral administration of GA in mice.Subsequent research has demonstrated that GA effectively suppressed the CTD-triggered upregulation of Keap1 while increasing the CTD-induced downregulation of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1.Conclusion:These findings suggested that GA may protect against CTD-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by exerting antioxidative stress through the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Tungsten combustion in impact initiated W-Al composite based on W(Al) super-saturated solid solution

Element W can effectively improve the density of energetic structural materials. However, W is an inert element and does not combust in air. To change the reaction characteristics of W, 60 at.% Al was introduced into W through mechanical alloying. XRD analysis shows that after 50 h of ball milling, the diffraction peak of Al completely disappears and W(Al60) super-saturated solid solution powder is obtained. Further observation by HAADF and HRTEM reveals that the W(Al60) super-saturated solid solution powder is a mixture of solid solution and amorphous phase. Based on the good thermal stability of W(Al60) alloy powder below 1000℃, W(Al60)-Al composite was synthesized by hot pressing process.Impact initiation experiments suggest that the W(Al60)-Al composite has excellent reaction characteristics, and multiple types of tungsten oxides are detected in the reaction products, showing that the modified W is combustible in air. Due to the combustion of tungsten, the energy release rate of the W(Al60)-Al composite at speed of 1362 m/s reaches 2.71 kJ/g.

Improving the UV-light stability of silicon heterojunction solar cells through plasmon-enhanced luminescence downshifting of YVO_(4):Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)nanophosphors decorated with Ag nanoparticles

The ultraviolet(UV)light stability of silicon heterojunction(SHJ)solar cells should be addressed before large-scale production and applications.Introducing downshifting(DS)nanophosphors on top of solar cells that can convert UV light to visible light may reduce UV-induced degradation(UVID)without sacrificing the power conversion efficiency(PCE).Herein,a novel composite DS nanomaterial composed of YVO_(4):Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)nanoparticles(NPs)and AgNPs was synthesized and introduced onto the incident light side of industrial SHJ solar cells to achieve UV shielding.The YVO_(4):Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)NPs and Ag NPs were synthesized via a sol-gel method and a wet chemical reduction method,respectively.Then,a composite structure of the YVO_(4):Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)NPs decorated with Ag NPs was synthesized by an ultrasonic method.The emission intensities of the YVO_(4):Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)nanophosphors were significantly enhanced upon decoration with an appropriate amount of~20 nm Ag NPs due to the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect.Upon the introduction of LSPR-enhanced downshifting,the SHJ solar cells exhibited an~0.54%relative decrease in PCE degradation under UV irradiation with a cumulative dose of 45 k W h compared to their counterparts,suggesting excellent potential for application in UV-light stability enhancement of solar cells or modules.

Relationship between self-directed learning readiness, learning attitude, and self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates

Objective: The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of self-directed learning readiness(SDLR) of nursing undergraduates and explore the impacts of learning attitude and self-efficacy on nursing undergraduates.Methods: A total of 500 nursing undergraduates were investigated in Tianjin, with the Chinese version of SDLR scale, learning attitude questionnaire of nursing college students, academic self-efficacy scale, and the general information questionnaire.Result: The score of SDLR was 149.99±15.73. Multiple stepwise regressions indicated that academic self-efficacy, learning attitude, attitudes to major of nursing, and level of learning difficulties were major influential factors and explained 48.1% of the variance in SDLR of nursing interns.Conclusions: The score of SDLR of nursing undergraduates is not promising. It is imperative to correct students' learning attitude, improve self-efficacy, and adopt appropriate teaching model to improve SDLR.

通过电沉积及氟硅烷改性而成的三维铜镍复合超疏水表面

将Cu-Ni微纳米颗粒电沉积在铝基底上,通过1H、1H、2H、2H-全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS-17)对其进行修饰,制备了超双疏(SAP)表面.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能量色散X射线光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对其形貌和化学成分进行了研究.结果表明,SAP表面具有三维微纳结构,最大水接触角160.0°,油接触角151.6°.进一步测试了SAP表面的机械强度和化学稳定性,结果显示该SAP表面具有优良的耐磨性、耐酸耐碱性能、自洁性和防污性能.

Correlation between expression of 1 α-hydroxylase and hypocalcaemia in rats with severe pancreatitis

Objective:To investigate the essential biochemical indices like 1-hydroxylase and hypocalcaemia in the rats with severe acute pancreatitis and explore the correlation between them.Methods:A total of 120 SPF grade Wistar male rats which were in similar physiological status were selected and randomly divided into two groups:sham group(SO group) and severe acute pancreatitis group(SAP group).Then they were divided into 1 h,3 h,6 h,and 12 h subgroups according to the killing lime.The severe acute pancreatitis model was established by retrograde injection of 5%sodium taurocholate.Serum calcium,serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen and serum amylase were measured at different time.Serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 level was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbentassay.The expression of 1-hydroxylase protein in the kidney tissue was determined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to observe its location.The pathologic features of the kidney tissue section was observed under light microscope and submicroscopic structure of the proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell was observed under transmission electron microscope.Results:Compared with the SO group,rats in the SAP group showed continuous pathological injury as time went by.There was significant increase in serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen and serum amylase in SAP group compared with the SO group 1,3,6,12 hours after the operation(P<0.05).There was significant decrease in serum calcium and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 3.6,12 hours after the operation(P<0.05).It also showed that the expression of the 1-hydroxylase protein in kidney tissues was upregulated at 1 h.3 h and decreased at 6h,12 h compared with the SO group.The serum calcium,1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 and the expression of the 1-hydroxylase protein in kidney tissues of the SAP group showed sustaining decrease.Western blotting showed positive correlation between the 1-hydroxylase expression and serum calcium at 3 h.6 h and 12 h(r=0.976,P<0.001;r=0.948.P<0.001;r=0.742,P=0.001) and also positive correlation between the 1-hydroxylase expression and serum1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 at 1 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h(r=0.935,P<0.001;r=0.952,P<0.001;r=0.917.P<0.001:r=0.874,P<0.001).Conclusions:At the early stage of the kidney injury,the expression of 1-hydroxylase in the kidney tissue is reduced with the progress of the disease and the decrease in its activity has a correlation with the hypocalcaemia.

PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists in gastric cancer:Current studies and perspectives

Immune checkpoints release suppressive signals for T cells,which enable the tumors to escape from immune destruction and provide a new concept that uses the capabilities of the immune system as a therapeutic target for tumors.At present,programmed death receptor 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PDL1) has become the most promising therapeutic target.PD-1/PD-L1 blockades exhibit long-lasting antitumor efficacy and safety in patients with various cancers,such as melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer.Moreover,PD-L1 is highly expressed in the peripheral blood and tumor specimens of patients with cancer,and the expression of PD-L1 is positively correlated with various pathological features and may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis or a diagnostic tool.Clinical trials have verified that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy benefits patients with advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer.Furthermore,there are many molecules involved in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 expression,and the modification of these molecules via drugs and combinations with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer.In this review,the efficacy,safety,and possible combination treatment options of PD-1/PD-L1 in gastric cancer are reviewed in experimental and clinical settings.

Prevalence of frailty among nursing home residents in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The prevalence of frailty among nursing home residents is high.However,in China,prevalence of frailty keeps unknown in this population.The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of frailty and prefrailty and find out the factors related to the prevalence of frailty among nursing home residents in China.Methods:We searched both English(PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science and Scopus)and Chinese(CNKI,WanFang,SinoMed,and VIP)databases from their inception date until 15 September 2020.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data,and evaluated the risk of bias included studies.Stata12.0 software was used to conduct meta-analysis.Results:A total of 16 studies were included in this review,involving 7,777 nursing home residents.The prevalence of frailty ranged from 29.2% to 66.6% in the included studies.The pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty were 49%(95%CI:43-55%)and 42%(95%CI:34–50%),respectively.The assessment tool(P<0.001),gender(P<0.001),self-rated health(P<0.001)and type of institution(P<0.001)were significantly associated with the prevalence of frailty among nursing home residents in China.Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty among nursing home residents in China was relatively high.Considering the adverse health outcomes of frailty,nursing home administrators should screen frailty regularly,identify the risk factors of frailty,take actions accordingly and improve the frailty status for older adults.

Impact of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

Objective: To explore the effects of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A convenience sampling of 460 undergraduate nursing students was surveyed in Tianjin, China. Students who participated in the study completed a questionnaire that included social demographic questionnaire, Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale, Attitude to Learning Scale, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to test the correlations among problem-solving ability, self-directed learning readiness, and learning attitude. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of learning attitude. Results: The results showed that learning attitude (r=0.338, P<0.01) and self-directed learning readiness (r=0.493, P<0.01) were positively correlated with problem-solving ability. Learning attitude played a partial intermediary role between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability (F=74.227, P<0.01). Conclusions: It is concluded that nursing educators should pay attention on students’ individual differences and take proper actions to inspire students’ self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude.

Role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability among nursing students

Objective: Problem-solving should be a fundamental component of nursing education because It is a core ability for professional nurses. For more effective learning, nursing students must understand the relationship between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-directed learning readiness, problemsolving ability, and academic self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students.Methods: From November to December 2016, research was conducted among 500 nursing undergraduate students in Tianjin, China,using a self-directed learning readiness scale, an academic self-efficacy scale, a questionnaire related to problem-solving, and selfdesigned demographics. The response rate was 85.8%.Results: For Chinese nursing students, self-directed learning readiness and academic self-efficacy reached a medium-to-high level,while problem-solving abilities were at a low level. There were significant positive correlations among the students' self-directed learning readiness, academic self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability. Furthermore, academic self-efficacy demonstrated a mediating effect on the relationship between the students' self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability.Conclusions: To enhance students' problem-solving ability, nursing educators should pay more attention to the positive impact of self-directed learning readiness and self-efficacy in nursing students' education.

Clinical effect of methimazole combined with selenium in the treatment of toxic diffuse goiter in children

BACKGROUND The incidence of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)is higher in adolescents and preschool-aged children,with an upward trend.The incidence at 6–13 years of age is approximately 11.0%,and the incidences in men and women are 7.8%and 14.3%,respectively.AIM To explore the clinical effect of methimazole combined with selenium in the treatment of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves’disease)in children and its effect on serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TRAb)and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb).METHODS A total of 103 children with Graves’disease treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were divided into a traditional group and a combined group(15-20 mg methimazole orally given to children)and a combined group(50μg selenium added on the basis of traditional treatment)according to different treatment methods to explore the therapeutic effects of the two methods and to observe the changes in thyroid volume and serum TRAb,TPOAb,free thyroxine(FT4)and inflammatory factor levels before and after treatment.The time taken for FT4 to return to normal was compared between the two groups.RESULTS Treatment was significantly more effective in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The thyroid volumes of the children in the two groups was measured before and after treatment.Thyroid volume decreased significantly after treatment in both groups,and the thyroid volume was significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).The serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 in the two groups were detected before and after treatment.The levels of IL-6,IL-8,TRAb,TPOAb and FT4 were significantly lower in the combined group than in the traditional group(P<0.05).Follow-up of the children in the two groups showed that compared with the traditional group,it took less time for children in the combined group to return to the normal level(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Methimazole combined with selenium can effectively treat Graves’disease in children,reduce the expression of TRAb,TPOAb,FT4 and inflammatory factors,and improve the curative effect.Thus,the combined treatment warrants further clinical research.

Three-Airy autofocusing beams

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a three-Airy autofocusing beam can be generated by superposing three deformed two-dimensional(2D)Airy beams with a triangle symmetry.When the initial angle between two wings of the deformed 2D Airy beams increases,such a three-Airy autofocusing beam exhibits that the focusing length decreases and the intensity contrast at the focal point changes.Moreover,after introducing an optical vortex phase,this three-Airy autofocusing beam displays a transverse rotation in propagation.The rotation angle is determined by the topological charge of the vortex and the initial wing angle.Our results may have some potential applications in optical manipulation.

Gastric submucosal lesion caused by an embedded fish bone:A case report

BACKGROUND Submucosal tumors(SMTs)refer to elevated lesions that originate from the layers below the mucosa of the digestive tract,including the muscularis,submucosa and muscularis propria.With the development and application of endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS),the detection rate of SMTs has increased significantly in recent years.Various diseases can lead to SMTs.However,a foreign body embedded in the gastric antrum showing clinical manifestations of a SMT is rare.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 47-year-old woman,who presented with upper abdominal discomfort for one year,and was subsequently diagnosed with a gastric submucosal lesion caused by an embedded foreign body by EUS and computed tomography.Considering the size and potential complications of this lesion,endoscopic full-thickness resection was performed to achieve full resection in our endoscopy center.A fish bone was found in the lesion during the operation,and was successfully removed,and the defect was later closed with endoscopic pursestring sutures.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the management strategies of SMTs,the importance of being familiar with diagnostic methods related to submucosal lesions,and being able to conduct effective treatment when this rare condition is highly suspected.

Effects of adjuvant Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill therapy on renal function changes and prognosis of patients with early diabetic nephropathy

Objective: To study the effects of adjuvant Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill therapy on renal function changes and prognosis of patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The patients with early diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital between February 2015 and April 2017 were chosen and divided into two groups by random number table, observation group received Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill combined with conventional therapy and control group accepted conventional therapy. The renal function indexes, cytokine contents and oxygen free radical generation were compared before treatment and 3 months after treatment. Results:Urine UREA levels as well as serum β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), cystatin C (CysC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) contents of both groups were significantly lower while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) contents were significantly higher after treatment, and urine UREA level as well as serum β2-MG, CysC, TNF-α, IL-6, SDF-1, IL-17, TGF-β1, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α contents of observation group after treatment was significantly lower than those of control group while SOD and T-AOC contents were significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Adjuvant Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill therapy can improve the renal function and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in early diabetic nephropathy.

Effect of Guhong injection combined with atyplase on vascular endothelial function and fibrinolytic system and related factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective:To explore the effect of Guhong Injection combined with atyplase on vascular endothelial function and fibrinolytic system and related factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:To select 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction in our hospital,divided into control group(48 cases)and observation group(48 cases)randomly.Patients in the control group were treated with alteplase on the basis of routine symptomatic treatment,and the observation group was treated with Guhong injection on the basis of the control group.Before and after treatment,the serum levels of related factors were detected and compared between the two groups.Results:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in serum related factors(ET-1,PAO,H-FABP,VEGF,S100β,BDNF,CEC,Fibulin-5,vWF,P-selectin,t-PA,PAI-1)between the two groups;After treatment,the serum levels of ET-1,PAO,H-FABP,S100β,CEC,Fibulin-5,vWF,P-selectin,PAI-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the serum levels of VEGF,BDNF and t-PA were higher than those in the control group,there were significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion:Guhong injection was added to patients with acute cerebral infarction on the basis of routine symptomatic treatment and ateplase,could significantly improve the level of serum related factors,it was more conducive to the control of symptoms and rehabilitation of patients,the effect was definite,it was worth further study and application in clinic.

Effects of α-zinc sulfate combined with yiqiyangyinghuoxue therapy on related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy

Objective: To study the effects of -zinc sulfate combined with yiqiyangyinghuoxue therapy on related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Methods: A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy in our hospital from September 2015 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group were treated with -zinc sulfate, the treatment group were treated with -zinc sulfate combined with yiqiyangyinghuoxue therapy, the two groups were treated for 3 months. The serum NSE, UA, Hcy, hs-CRP, BDNF, HMGB1, CysC, TGF-β1, 25-(OH)D3, ESM-1, NO and plasma ET, TNF of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results: There were no significantly differences of the serum NSE, UA, Hcy, hs-CRP, BDNF, HMGB1, CysC, TGF-β1, 25-(OH)D3, ESM-1, NO and plasma ET, TNF of the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the serum NSE, UA, Hcy, hs-CRP, HMGB1, CysC, TGF-β1, ESM-1 and plasma ET, TNF of the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, the serum BDNF, 25-(OH)D3, NO of the two groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly better than the control group. Conclusion: α-zinc sulfate combined with yiqiyangyinghuoxue therapy on patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy has a good efficacy, can improve the neuropathy and vascular endothelial damage, improve related factors, and it was worthy clinical application.

Effects of cefixime on the systemic inflammatory stress response and intestinal mucosal barrier injury in children with infective enteritis

Objective:To investigate the effects of cefixime on the systemic inflammatory stress response and intestinal mucosal barrier injury in children with infective enteritis.Methods:A total of 80 children with infective enteritis who were treated in the hospital between March 2016 and August 2017 were divided into group A (n=40) and group B (n=40) according to the random number table method. Group A received cefaclor anti-infective therapy, group B received cefixime therapy, and both therapies lasted for 1 week. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress indexes and intestinal mucosal injury markers were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, the differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress indexes and intestinal mucosal injury markers were not statistically significant. After 1 week of treatment, serum inflammatory mediators IL-8 and TNF-α levels of group B were lower than those of group A whereas IL-10 level was higher than that of group A;serum oxidative stress indexes ROS and MDA levels were lower than those of group A whereas GSH-Px and CAT levels were higher than those of group A;serum intestinal mucosal injury markers DAO, D-Lactate, FABP and GST levels were lower than those of group A.Conclusion: Cefixime anti-infective therapy can effectively inhibit the inflammatory stress response and reduce the intestinal mucosal barrier injury in children with infective enteritis.

Correlation of serum HMGA1 levels in breast cancer lesion and serum with the pathological features of tumor

Objective:To study the correlation of serum HMGA1 levels in breast cancer lesion and serum with the pathological features of tumor.Methods:The patients with breast cancer and those with benign breast tumor who were treated in Mianyang Central Hospital between August 2014 and October 2017 were selected as the malignant group and the benign group of the study respectively;serum was collected to determine HMGA1 level, and breast cancer lesions and benign tumor breast tumor lesions were collected to determine the level of HMGA1 as well as the expression of proliferation genes and invasion genes.Results:HMGA1 level in breast cancer lesion and HMGA1 level in serum of malignant group were significantly higher than those of control group, and HMGA1 level in breast cancer lesion was positively correlated with HMGA1 level in serum;CCN5, MMRN2, TCEAL7 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions of malignant group were significantly lower than those in breast tumor lesions of benign group, whereas HPK1 and Ki67, Sema4D, RhoA, Gab2, ARK5, SGK3 and MMP9 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those in breast tumor lesions of benign group;CCN5, MMRN2, TCEAL7 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions of malignant group of patients with high HMGA1 level were significantly lower than those of malignant group of patients with low HMGA1 level, whereas HPK1 and Ki67, Sema4D, RhoA, Gab2, ARK5, SGK3 and MMP9 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those of malignant group of patients with low HMGA1 level.Conclusion:HMGA1 levels abnormally increase in breast cancer lesion and serum;the abnormally elevated HMGA1 can assess the pathological features of tumor proliferation and invasion.

Development of a frailty scale for elderly people in China

Objective：The aim of this study was to develop a frailty scale for the elderly in China and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods：The method of convenient sampling was used to select 375 elderly individuals in different communities of Tianjin,China.EuroQpl-5D was used to evaluate the criterion validity.Cronbach＇s αcoefficients,correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis,criterion-related validity,and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.To evaluate the test—retest reliability,30 old people were re-evaluated after 2 weeks.Results：The final version of the frailty scale（FI-35） consisted of 35 items.Eleven factors were extracted by a principal factor analysis and varimax rotation,with a cumulative contribution of 86.00%.Eleven dimensions were positively correlated（r = 0.130-0.541,P 〈 0.01）.Cronbach＇s α coefficient was 0.952,and the alpha coefficients of 11 dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.992.The test-retest reliability was0.874 for the total scale.The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.808.Structural equation modeling was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis,and various parameters were all acceptable.Conclusions：FI-35 met the requirement of scale development and showed good reliability and validity;thus,it can be used as an efficient frailty measurement tool for Chinese elderly.