Endothelial cell metabolism in sepsis

BACKGROUND:Endothelial dysfunction in sepsis is a pathophysiological feature of septic organ failure.Endothelial cells(ECs)exhibit specific metabolic traits and release metabolites to adapt to the septic state in the blood to maintain vascular homeostasis.METHODS:Web of Science and PubMed were searched from inception to October 1,2022.The search was limited to the English language only.Two reviewers independently identified studies related to EC metabolism in sepsis.The exclusion criteria were duplicate articles according to multiple search criteria.RESULTS:Sixty articles were included,and most of them were cell and animal studies.These studies reported the role of glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid metabolism,and amino acid metabolism in EC homeostasis.including glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.However,dysregulation of EC metabolism can contribute to sepsis progression.CONCLUSION:There are few clinical studies on EC metabolism in sepsis.Related research mainly focuses on basic research,but some scientific problems have also been clarified.Therefore,this review may provide an overall comprehension and novel aspects of EC metabolism in sepsis.

Evolution of second phases and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy processed by solution heat treatment

The effects of solution treatment on the evolution of the second phases and mechanical properties of7075Al alloy werestudied with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),hardness and tensile tests.The results show that Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2phases gradually dissolve into the matrix,yet the size andmorphology of Al7Cu2Fe phase exhibit no change with the increase of the solution treatment temperature and time due to its highmelting point.When the solution treatment temperature and time continue to increase,the formation of coarse black Mg2Si particlesoccurs.Compared to the as-cast alloy,the microhardness,tensile strength,and elongation of the sample under solution heat treatmentat460°C for5h are increased by55.1%,40.9%and109.1%,respectively.This is because the eutectic Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2phases almostcompletely dissolve and basically no coarse black Mg2Si particles are formed.

Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Prognosis for Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population

It is unanimously accepted that stroke is a highly heterogeneous disorder. Different subtypes of ischemic stroke may have different risk factors, clinical features, and prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognoses of different subtypes of ischemic stroke defined by the Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST） criteria. We prospectively analyzed the data from 530 consecutive patients who were admitted to our hospital with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days of stroke onset during the study period. Standardized data assessment was used and the cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Patients were followed up till 30 and 90 days after stroke onset. It was found that large-artery atherosclerosis was the most frequent etiology of stroke （37.4%）, and showed the highest male preponderance, the highest prevalence of previous transient ischemic attack, and the longest hospital stay among all subtypes. Small artery disease （36.4%） was associated with higher body mass index, higher plasma triglycerides, and lower plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than cardioembolism. Cardioembolism （7.7%）, which was particularly common in the elderly （i.e., individuals aged 65 years and older）, showed the highest female preponderance, the highest prevalence of atrial fibrillation, the earliest presentation to hospital after stroke onset, the most severe symptoms on admission, the maximum complications associated with an adverse outcome, and the highest rate of stroke recurrence and mortality. Our results suggest that ischemic stroke should be regarded as a highly heterogeneous disorder. Studies involving risk factors, clinical features, and prognoses of ischemic stroke should differentiate between etiologic stroke subtypes.

Effect of superplastic deformation on the bonding property of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel

The superplastic deformation diffusion bonding of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel was performed on a hot simulator. The microstructure of the bonding interface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD）. The mechanical properties of the specimen were investigated by a shear strength test. The results indicated that the shear strength was improved with the increase of superplastic deformation reduction. When the deformation reduction was up to 50%, the shear strength of the specimen achieved 417 Mpa, approaching to that of the base metal. In addtion, the superplastic diffusion bonding technique was not very sensitive to surface roughness levels. When the surface roughness of the bonding specimen surpassed 0.416 pan （level G2）, the shear strength achieved at least 381 MPa.

Quantitative analysis of a novel antimicrobial peptide in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

We described the first results of a quantitative ultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry method for a novel antimicrobial peptide （phylloseptin, PSN-1）. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Waters bridged ethyl hybrid （BEH） C18 （50mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm） column with acetonitrile-water （25：75, v/v） as isocratic mobile phase. Mass spectrometry detection was performed in the positive electrospray ionization mode and by monitoring of the transitions at m/z 679.6/120, 509.6/120 （PSN-1） and m/z 340.7/165 （Thymopentin, IS）. Protein precipitation was investigated and the recovery was satisfactory （above 82%）. The method was shown to be reproducible and reliable with intra-day precision below 5.3%, inter-day precision below 14.2%, and linear range from 0.02 to 2 lag/mL with r〉0.994. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of PSN-1 in rats after intravenous administration.

Authentication and distinction of Shenmai injection with HPLC fingerprint analysis assisted by pattern recognition techniques

In this paper, the feasibility and advantages of employing high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） fingerprints combined with pattern recognition techniques for quality control of Shenmai injection were investigated and demonstrated. The Similarity Evaluation System was employed to evaluate the similarities of samples of Shenmai injection, and the HPLC generated chromatographic data were analyzed using hierarchical clustering analysis （HCA） and soft independent modeling of class analogy （SIMCA）. Consistent results were obtained to show that the authentic samples and the blended samples were successfully classified by SIMCA, which could be applied to accurate discrimination and quality control of Shenmai injection. Furthermore, samples could also be grouped in accordance with manufacturers. Our results revealed that the developed method has potential perspective for the original discrimination and quality control of Shenmai injection.

Simultaneous determination of four active components in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. by HPLC–DAD using a single reference standard

A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector（HPLC–DAD） was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale（Sam.） Juz.through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components（SSDMCs）. Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity（R240.9998） within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%（SSDMC）. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and principal components analysis（PCA） were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple,rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale（Sam.） Juz.

Consensus statement on layout and delivery of automatic external defibrillator in China

1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].

Bifunctional metal–organic frameworks toward photocatalytic CO2reduction by post-synthetic ligand exchange

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to useful fuel has been identified as a promising strategy to address the energy and environmental issues.Development of welldefined photocatalysts toward CO2 reduction has attracted increasing interest to gain insight into the reactive mechanism.Herein,by post-synthetic ligand exchange,a bifunctional Re-based metal–organic framework(MOF)was successfully prepared.It not only serves as a photosensitizer but also acts as a catalyst for photochemical reduction of CO2.Furthermore,it is found that a Re-based MOF containing 30%Re-based ligands displays improved activity compared to MOF with 100%Re-based ligands.This work provides clues to the design and synthesis of bifunctional MOFs toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Microstructure and properties of hybrid additive manufacturing 316L component by directed energy deposition and laser remelting

Arc additive manufacturing is a high-productivity and low-cost technology for directly fabricating fully dense metallic components.However,this technology with high deposit rate would cause degradation of dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the metallic component.A novel hybrid additive manufacturing technology by combining the benefit of directed energy deposition and laser remelting is developed.This hybrid technology is successfully utilized to fabricate 316L component with excellent surface quality.Results show that laser remelting can largely increase the amount ofδphases and eliminateσphases in additive manufacturing 316L component surface due to the rapid cooling.This leads to the formation of remelting layer with higher microhardness and excellent corrosion resistance when compared to the steel made by directed energy deposition only.Increasing laser remelting power can improve surface quality as well as corrosion resistance,but degrade microhardness of remelting layer owing to the decrease inδphases.

Implementation experience of a 12-month intervention to introduce intermittent kangaroo mother care to eight Chinese neonatal intensive care units

Kangaroo mother care(KMC)is recommended by the World Health Organization for the care of preterm and low-birth-weight newborns.KMC has been shown to increase survival rates and the quality of life of preterm and low-birth-weight infants,including improved clinical outcomes,weight gain and thermoregulation when compared to conventional care[1,2,3].More recent research focused on KMC in high-risk preterm,critically ill newborns and newborns requiring special care,which suggested that KMC helped to stabilize the vital signs of preterm infants[4,5].KMC is well accepted and promoted by medical associations and professional organizations around the world[6,7].In November 2015 with support from the National Health Commission of China,participants from ten hospitals based in different areas of China received theoretical and practical training on KMC.During a four-year period,health professionals from these hospitals participated in theoretical and practical training,which included two operation training from foreign experts,two academic lectures,and three study tours to hospitals in the UK,Sweden and the Netherlands.During this period,the KMC Operational Manual for Premature Infants in China was developed,and a 12-month prospective multicenter study of KMC for preterm infants was conducted in the eight hospitals.In the present study,we further examine whether KMC was sustained as a practice during a 12-month period from April 2018 to March 2019 and the characteristics of preterm infants that received KMC.

An analysis of the mechanism underlying photocatalytic disinfection based on integrated metabolic networks and transcriptional data

Photocatalytic disinfection has long been used to combat pathogenic bacteria.However,the specific mechanism underlying photocatalytic disinfection and its corresponding targets remain unclear.In this study,an analysis of the potential mechanism underlying photocatalytic disinfection was performed based on integrated metabolic networks and transcriptional data.Two sets of RNA-seq data(wild type and a photocatalysis-resistant mutant mediated by titanium dioxide(TiO2))were processed to constrain the genome scale metabolic models(GSMM)of E.coli.By analyzing the metabolic network,the differential metabolic flux of every reaction was computed in constrained GSMM,and several significantly differential metabolic fluxes in reactions were extracted and analyzed.Most of these reactions were involved in the transmembrane transport of substances and occurred on the inner membrane or were an important component of the cell membrane.These results,which are consistent with the reported information,validated our analysis process.In addition,our work also identified other new and valuable metabolic pathways,such as the reaction ALCD2x,which has a great effect on the energy production process under bacterial anaerobic conditions.The DHAK reaction is also related to the metabolic process of ATP.These reactions with large differential metabolic fluxes merit further research.Additionally,to provide a strategy to address photocatalysis-resistant mutant bacteria,a metabolic compensation analysis was also performed.The metabolic compensation analysis results provided suggestions for a combined method that can effectively combat resistant bacteria.This method could also be used to explore the mechanisms of drug resistance in other microorganisms.

A novel surgical debridement technique for the treatment of Fournier’s gangrene

Dear Editor,Fourniers gangrene(FG)is a life-threatening disease which is characterized by necrotizing fasciitis of the genital,perianal,and perineal regions1.FG was initially found in young healthy males in the late 1800s with the acute onset of fulminant idiopathic genital gangrene2.But now,FG has been seen in people of different ages,from newborn babies to the elderly3.

A new risk stratification score for patients with suspected cardiac chest pain in emergency departments,based on machine learning

To the Editor:Chest pain is one of the most common complaints for patients attending emergency departments(EDs)globally.It is important to accurately stratify risk of possible acute coronary syndrome(ACS)for these patients.[1]Several risk stratification scores such as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI),global registry for acute coronary events(GRACE),Banach and HEART are helpful.[2]Previous research in our setting compared these four scores and found that the HEART score,with a C-statistic of 0.731,was the best for predicting 7-day major adverse cardiac events(MACE)The purpose of this study was to develop risk stratification prediction models for 7-day MACE in patients with chest pain,utilizing machine learning algorithms such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Support Vector Machine(SVM).

Exotic ΩΩ dibaryon states in a molecular picture

We investigate the exotic ΩΩ dibaryon states with J^(P)=0^(+)and 2^(+)in a molecular picture.We construct a tensorΩΩmolecular interpolating current and calculate the two-point correlation function within the method of QCD sum rules.Our calculations indicate that the masses of the scalar and tensor dibaryon states are mΩΩ,0^(+)=(3.33±0.51)GeV and mΩΩ,2^(+)=(3.15±0.33)GieV,respectively,which are below the 2mΩthreshold.Within error,these results do not negate the existence of loosely bound molecularΩΩdibaryon states.These exotic strangeness S=-6 and doubly-chargedΩΩdibaryons,if they exist,may be identified in heavy-ion collision processes in the fu-ture.