Factors influencing Medication Literacy in Chinese Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: insights from the MLS-22 scale

Background:The role of the patient’s medication literacy is crucial in ensuring the efficacy of the treatment for nephrotic syndrome(NS).It is imperative to identify and examine instances of inadequate medication literacy in order to effectively manage NS.This study aimed to detect the low medication literacy in Chinese NS children using the 22-item Medication Literacy Scale(MLS-22)and to further analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study involved consecutive sampling of 157 Chinese children with NS.Interviewer-led questionnaires were used to collect data.Firstly,the MLS-22 was evaluated for reliability and validity.Secondly,the medication literacy level was assessed,and factors related to low scores were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results:MLS-22 proved reliable and valid for detection at a low level in NS children.The tertile was divided into low-level and medium/high-level medication literacy.It was found that the scores of NS children averaged 13.06.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that parents of children with primary NS and congenital NS had lower medication literacy scores,which were related to parents with less than high school education.Conclusions:Healthcare providers should develop tailored strategies to effectively assist Chinese children with limited medication literacy in managing chronic diseases.

Comparative study on the passivation layers of copper sulphide minerals during bioleaching

The bioleaching of copper sulphide minerals was investigated by using A. ferrooxidans ATF6. The result shows the preferential order of the minerals bioleaching as djurleite〉bomite〉pyritic chalcopyrite〉covellite〉porphyry chalcopyfite. The residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is indicated that jarosite may not be responsible for hindered disso- lution. The elemental sulfur layer on the surface of pyritic chalcopyrite residues is cracked. The compact surface layer of porphyry chalcopy- rite may strongly hinder copper extraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） further confirms that the passivation layers of covellite, pyritic chalcopyrite, and porphyry chalcopyrite are copper-depleted sulphide Cu4S11, S8, and copper-rich iron-deficient polysulphide CtuFe2S9, resoectivelv. The ability of these oassivation layers was found as Cu4Fe2S9〉Cu4S11〉S8〉iarosite.

Development of Medication Literacy Scale for Pediatric Population with Nephrotic Syndrome and Assessment on Reliability and Validity

Objective:To develop a medication literacy scale for the pediatric population with nephrotic syndrome(NS)in order to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:According to the medication belief scale,specific medication beliefs,and self-set dimensions,the NS pediatric population health literacy scale was designed to evaluate the medication literacy of 120 children with NS.Items,homogeneity,reliability,and validity of the scale were analyzed.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the Levene F test between the top 27%and the last 27%of the 22 items(P<0.001).The differences in the t-test were statistically significant(P<0.001).Content validity I-CVI:after deletion of item 4,the I-CVI of other items were all higher than 0.91.S-CVI was higher than 0.80,and S-CVI/AVE was higher than 0.90.The internal consistency coefficient(Cronbach'sα)was 0.868.Structural validity:KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)statistical value was 0.862,and Bartlett's spherical test value was 1578.172(P<0.001).The extracted 6 common factors explain 70.21%of the variance variation.The loads of 22 items on their main factors are all greater than 0.427 except items 2 and 5.Conclusion:The medication literacy scale for the NS pediatric population has proved its good practicability,but some items of cognition need to be further explored.

Mechanism of aluminum complexation in oxidative activity of leaching bacteria in a fluoride-containing bioleaching system

Accumulation of toxic ions in leachate is one factor limiting bioleaching applications. The effect of fluoride ions on the growth of bioleaching microorganisms has been extensively emphasized. In this study, HF is found to be the toxic form of fluoride that affects the bacterial activity under acidic conditions. The added aluminum could compete with H^+ to complex with F-, thus significantly decrease the concentration of HF and finally reduce the toxicity of fluoride to bacteria. When F^-/Al^(3+)concentration ratio is 0.5:1.0, Fe^(2+) oxidation rate could reach 0.167 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1), close to that of the biotic control group(0.195 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)). The competitive complexation mechanism of fluoride by AlF_n^(3-n) results in stability constants of AlF_n^(3-n) complex(7.00) that are larger than those of HF(3.18). The F^-/Al^(3+) concentration ratio in the medium could affect the speciation of AlF_n^(3-n) complex.With the decrease in F^-/Al^(3+) concentration ratio, the coordination numbers of AlF_n^(3-n) decrease. Finally, the feasibility of fluoride detoxification by aluminum ion is verified. This work has meaningful implications for fluoride-containing bacterial bioleaching systems.