Geophysical prediction of organic matter abundance in source rocks based on geochemical analysis:A case study of southwestern Bozhong Sag,Bohai Sea,China

The Bozhong Sag is the largest petroliferous sag in the Bohai Bay Basin,and the source rocks of Paleogene Dongying and Shahejie Formations were buried deeply.Most of the drillings were located at the structural high,and there were few wells that met good quality source rocks,so it is difficult to evaluate the source rocks in the study area precisely by geochemical analysis only.Based on the Rock-Eval pyrolysis,total organic carbon(TOC)testing,the organic matter(OM)abundance of Paleogene source rocks in the southwestern Bozhong Sag were evaluated,including the lower of second member of Dongying Formation(E_(3)d2L),the third member of Dongying Formation(E_(3)d_(3)),the first and second members of Shahejie Formation(E_(2)s_(1+2)),the third member of Shahejie Formation(E_(2)s_(3)).The results indicate that the E_(2)s_(1+2)and E_(2)s_(3)have better hydrocarbon generative potentials with the highest OM abundance,the E_(3)d_(3)are of the second good quality,and the E_(3)d2L have poor to fair hydrocarbon generative potential.Furthermore,the well logs were applied to predict TOC and residual hydrocarbon generation potential(S_(2))based on the sedimentary facies classification,usingΔlogR,generalizedΔlogR,logging multiple linear regression and BP neural network methods.The various methods were compared,and the BP neural network method have relatively better prediction accuracy.Based on the pre-stack simultaneous inversion(P-wave impedance,P-wave velocity and density inversion results)and the post-stack seismic attributes,the three-dimensional(3D)seismic prediction of TOC and S_(2)was carried out.The results show that the seismic near well prediction results of TOC and S_(2)based on seismic multi-attributes analysis correspond well with the results of well logging methods,and the plane prediction results are identical with the sedimentary facies map in the study area.The TOC and S_(2)values of E_(2)s_(1+2)and E_(2)s_(3)are higher than those in E_(3)d_(3)and E_(3)d_(2)L,basically consistent with the geochemical analysis results.This method makes up the deficiency of geochemical methods,establishing the connection between geophysical information and geochemical data,and it is helpful to the 3D quantitative prediction and the evaluation of high-quality source rocks in the areas where the drillings are limited.

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术前负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术前给予负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀的疗效。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、CNKI和WanFang Data数据库,搜集关于ACS患者PCI术前给予负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀对比未用他汀类药物的随机对照试验和前瞻性队列研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年10月31日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19项研究,包括3201例患者。Meta分析结果显示,和术前未用他汀类药物相比,术前给予负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀可显著降低患者术后主要心血管事件(MACE)[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.32,0.49),P<0.001]、心肌梗死(MI)[RR=0.46,95%CI(0.35,0.60),P<0.001]和全因死亡(ACM)[RR=0.31,95%CI(0.13,0.72),P=0.006]的发生率。按随访时间进行亚组分析,结果显示除术后3个月外,住院期间、术后30 d、术后6个月和术后1年时两组MACE发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前给予负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀组术后30 d的MI发生率显著低于术前未用他汀类药物组[RR=0.48,95%CI(0.37,0.64),P<0.001],但其他随访时间点两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各时间点两组ACM发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前给予负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀可降低ACS患者PCI术后MACE、MI和ACM风险,但由于部分随访时间点的数据较少,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。

Long-term outcomes and failure patterns after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection in ultralow rectal cancers

BACKGROUND Intersphincteric resection(ISR),the ultimate anus-preserving technique for ultralow rectal cancers,is an alternative to abdominoperineal resection(APR).The failure patterns and risk factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis remain controversial and require further investigation.AIM To investigate the long-term outcomes and failure patterns after laparoscopic ISR in ultralow rectal cancers.METHODS Patients who underwent laparoscopic ISR(LsISR)at Peking University First Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.Correlation analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Pearson's correlation test.Prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)were analyzed using Cox regression.RESULTS We enrolled 368 patients with a median follow-up of 42 mo.Local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in 13(3.5%)and 42(11.4%)cases,respectively.The 3-year OS,LRFS,and DMFS rates were 91.3%,97.1%,and 90.1%,respectively Multivariate analyses revealed that LRFS was associated with positive lymph node status[hazard ratio(HR)=5.411,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.413-20.722,P=0.014]and poor differentiation(HR=3.739,95%CI:1.171-11.937,P=0.026),whereas the independent prognostic factors for DMFS were positive lymph node status(HR=2.445,95%CI:1.272-4.698,P=0.007)and(y)pT3 stage(HR=2.741,95%CI:1.225-6.137,P=0.014).CONCLUSION This study confirmed the oncological safety of LsISR for ultralow rectal cancer.Poor differentiation,(y)pT3 stage,and lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors for treatment failure after LsISR,and thus patients with these factors should be carefully managed with optimal neoadjuvant therapy,and for patients with a high risk of local recurrence(N+or poor differentiation),extended radical resection(such as APR instead of ISR)may be more effective.

循环mi RNAs对乙肝患者肝纤维化诊断价值的荟萃分析

背景乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是全球病毒性肝炎、肝纤维化及肝硬化(liver cirrhosis,LC)的主要病因.肝纤维化最初是可逆的,但如果缺乏早期诊断和及时治疗,它将进展至终末期肝病,如LC、肝衰竭,甚至肝癌.因此,肝纤维化的准确分期在慢性乙肝(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者的管理和治疗起着决定性的作用.然而,目前尚缺乏被认可并广泛应用于临床的诊断标记物.目的采用荟萃分析的方法评价循环miRNAs对CHB相关肝纤维化的诊断价值.方法以“serum/plasma/circulating/blood”和“microRNA/miRNA/miR*”和“Hepatitis B/CHB/viral hepatitis*/chronic hepatitis”和“liver fibrosis/liver cirrhosis/hepatic fibrosis*”为关键词,系统检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和Embase数据库的相关临床研究文献.并对纳入文献进行归纳和统计学分析,评估循环miRNAs诊断早期肝纤维化、进展期肝纤维化以及LC的敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比、以及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves,AUROC).结果最终15项研究共计1623例CHB患者被纳入.其中9项研究评估了循环miRNAs对早期肝纤维化的诊断效能,结果显示合并的敏感度、特异度及AUROC值分别为0.76(95%CI:0.69-0.82)、0.64(95%CI:0.47-0.78)和0.78(95%CI:0.74-0.81).4项研究评估了循环miRNAs对进展期肝纤维化的诊断效能,结果显示合并的敏感度、特异度及AUROC值分别为0.79(95%CI:0.72-0.85)、0.81(95%CI:0.63-0.91)和0.82(95%CI:0.79-0.85).2项研究评估了循环miRNAs对LC患者的诊断效能,结果显示AUROC=0.882,诊断准确性高达93.7%.结论循环miRNAs对CHB患者的肝纤维化具有良好的诊断效能,尤其对于进展期肝纤维化及LC,可用作CHB患者肝纤维化诊断的潜在血清生物标记物.

In situ Raman spectroscopic quantification of CH4–CO2 mixture: application to fluid inclusions hosted in quartz veins from the Longmaxi Formation shales in Sichuan Basin, southwestern China

We re-evaluate the Raman spectroscopic quantification of the molar ratio and pressure for CH4–CO2 mixtures.Firstly,the Raman quantification factors of CH4 and CO2 increase with rising pressure at room temperature,indicating that Raman quantification of CH4/CO2 molar ratio can be applied to those fluid inclusions(FIs)with high internal pressure(i.e.,>15 MPa).Secondly,the v1(CH4)peak position shifts to lower wavenumber with increasing pressure at constant temperature,confirming that the v1(CH4)peak position can be used to calculate the fluid pressure.However,this method should be carefully calibrated before applying to FI analyses because large discrepancies exist among the reported v1(CH4)-P curves,especially in the highpressure range.These calibrations are applied to CH4-rich FIs in quartz veins of the Silurian Longmaxi black shales in southern Sichuan Basin.The vapor phases of these FIs are mainly composed of CH4 and minor CO2,with CO2 molar fractions from4.4%to 7.4%.The pressure of single-phase gas FI ranges from 103.65 to 128.35 MPa at room temperature,which is higher than previously reported.Thermodynamic calculations supported the presence of extremely high-pressure CH4-saturated fluid(218.03–256.82 MPa at 200°C),which may be responsible for the expulsion of CH4 to adjacent reservoirs.

Nomograms for predicting pathological response to neoadjuvant treatments in patients with rectal cancer

BACKGROUND In recent decades, neoadjuvant therapy(NT) has been the standardized treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC). Approximately 8%-35% of patients with LARC who received NT were reported to have achieved a complete pathological response(pCR). If the pathological response(PR) can be accurately predicted, these patients may not need surgery. In addition, no response after NT implies that the tumor is destructive, resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and prone to having a high metastatic potential. Therefore,developing accurate models to predict PR has great clinical significance and can help achieve individualized treatment in LARC patients.AIM To establish nomograms for predicting PR to different NT regimens based on pretreatment parameters for patients with LARC.METHODS Rectal cancer patients were identified from the database of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2012 to December 2016. Logistic regression and nomograms were developed to predict the probability of pCR and good downstaging to ypT0-2N0M0(ypTNM 0-I), respectively, based on pretreatment parameters for all LARC patients. Nomograms were also developed for three NT regimens(capecitabine/deGramont-RT, mFOLFOX6, and m FOLFOX6-RT) to predict pCR probability.RESULTS Four hundred and three patients were included in this study; 72(17.9%) had pCR at the final pathology report, and 177(43.9%) achieved good downstaging to ypT0-2N0M0(ypTNM 0-I). The nomogram for predicting pCR probability showed that NT regimens, tumor differentiation, mesorectal fascia(MRF) status,and tumor length significantly influenced pCR probability. When predicting the probability of good downstaging, tumor differentiation, MRF status, and clinical T stage were the significant factors. Nomograms were developed based on NT regimens. For the capecitabine/de Gramont-RT group, the multivariate analysis showed that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) was the only significant factor, thus we could not develop a nomogram for this regimen. For the m FOLFOX6-RT group, the analysis showed that the significant factors were tumor length and MRF status; and for the mFOLFOX6 group, the significant factors were tumor length and tumor differentiation.CONCLUSION We established accurate nomograms for predicting the PR to preoperative NT regimens based on pretreatment parameters for LARC patients.

Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen/tumor size in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)is a commonly used biomarker in colorectal cancer.However,controversy exists regarding the insufficient prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA alone in rectal cancer.Here,we combined preoperative serum CEA and the maximum tumor diameter to correct the CEA level,which may better reflect the malignancy of rectal cancer.AIM To assess the prognostic impact of preoperative CEA/tumor size in rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 696 stage I to III rectal cancer patients who underwent curative tumor resection from 2007 to 2012.These patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for cross-validation:training cohort and validation cohort.The training cohort was used to generate an optimal cutoff point and the validation cohort was used to further validate the model.Maximally selected rank statistics were used to identify the optimum cutoff for CEA/tumor size.The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot the survival curve and to compare the survival data.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic value of CEA/tumor size.The primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),respectively.RESULTS In all,556 patients who satisfied both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into the training cohort(2/3 of 556,n=371)and the validation cohort(1/3 of 556,n=185).The cutoff was 2.429 ng/mL per cm.Comparison of the baseline data showed that high CEA/tumor size was correlated with older age,high TNM stage,the presence of perineural invasion,high CEA,and high carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9).Kaplan-Meier curves showed a manifest reduction in 5-year OS(training cohort:56.7%vs 81.1%,P<0.001;validation cohort:58.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.001)and DFS(training cohort:52.5%vs 71.9%,P=0.02;validation cohort:50.3%vs 79.3%,P=0.002)in the high CEA/tumor size group compared with the low CEA/tumor size group.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CEA/tumor size as an independent prognostic factor for OS(training cohort:hazard ratio(HR)=2.18,95%confidence interval(CI):1.28-3.73,P=0.004;validation cohort:HR=4.83,95%CI:2.21-10.52,P<0.001)as well as DFS(training cohort:HR=1.47,95%CI:0.93-2.33,P=0.096;validation cohort:HR=2.61,95%CI:1.38-4.95,P=0.003).CONCLUSION Preoperative CEA/tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage I-III rectal cancer.Higher CEA/tumor size is associated with worse OS and DFS.

Detection of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To study the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E),which is closely correlated with malignant tumors,and its relationship to prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS:Western blotting was performed to quantify the elF4E protein expression in the normal human liver cell line L02 and the hepatoma cell lines Hep3B, HepG2,and Huh7.Forty-six hepatocellular carcinoma samples with complete clinical data were obtained from Changzheng Hospital during the period of December 2008 to July 2009.The expression of eIF4E in the tumor samples and their adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the test results and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) prognosis was statistically analysed by using a COX proportional hazard model. RESULTS:Western blotting analysis showed that there were distinct eIF4E protein bands in all three of the hepatoma cell lines.In particular,the HepG2 cell line had the highest level of eIF4E protein expression.The L02 cell group had a low eIF4E expression.Immunohistochemical assay showed that there were 32 cases in which the tumour tissue expression was higher than their adjacent tissues,accounting for 69.57%.There were also 14 cases in which the tumour tissue expression was lower or no significant difference was found, accounting for 30.43%.COX proportional hazards model analysis showed that HCC prognosis was related to the depth of invasion,the overexpression of eIF4E and p53, possibly as independent HCC prognostic predictors. CONCLUSION:In summary,eIF4E expression is associated with liver cancer,and patients with high eIF4E expression levels have a higher risk of recurrence.

Association of perioperative blood pressure with long-term survival in rectal cancer patients

Background:Several studies suggested that hypertension is positively related to cancer incidence and mortality.In this study,we investigated the association between perioperative blood pressure(BP) and long?term survival out?comes in patients with rectal cancer.Methods:This study included a cohort of 358 patients with stages I–III rectal cancer who underwent a curative resection between June 2007 and June 2011.Both pre? and postoperative BPs were measured,by which patients were grouped(low BP:<120/80 mm Hg;high BP:ints were di≥120/80 mm Hg).The survival outcomes were compared between these two groups.The primary endposease?free survival(DFS) and cancer?specific survival(CSS).Results:Univariate analysis showed that patients with high preoperative systolic BP had lower 3?year DFS(67.2% vs.82.1%,P = 0.041) and CSS rates(81.9% vs.94.8%,P = 0.003) than patients with low preoperative systolic BP,and the associations remained significant in the Cox multivariate analysis,with the adjusted hazard ratios equal to 1.97 [95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.08–3.60,P = 0.028] and 2.85(95% CI = 1.00–8.25,P = 0.050),respectively.Similarly,in postoperative evaluation,patients with high systolic BP had significantly lower 3?year CSS rates than those with low systolic BP(78.3% vs.88.9%,P = 0.032) in univariate analysis.Moreover,high pre? and/or postoperative systolic BP presented as risk factors for CSS in the subgroups of patients who did not have a history of hypertension,with and/or without perioperative administration of antihypertensive drugs.Conclusions:High preoperative systolic BP was an independent risk factor for both CSS and DFS rates,and high postoperative systolic BP was significantly associated with a low CSS rate in rectal cancer patients.Additionally,our results suggest that rectal cancer patients may get survival benefit from BP control in perioperative care.However,further studies should be conducted to determine the association between BP and CSS and targets of BP control.

Fine needle aspirating and cutting is superior to Tru-cut core needle in liver biopsy

BACKGROUND:Liver biopsy is the "gold standard" for evaluating liver disorders,but controversies over the potential risk of complications and patient discomfort still exist.Using a 21G fine needle,we developed a new biopsy procedure,fine needle aspirating and cutting(FNAC).Our procedure obtains enough tissue for pathological examination and meanwhile,reduces the risk of biopsy complications.The present study was to determine the safety and efficiency of 21G FNAC compared with 18G Tru-cut core needle(TCN) in liver tumor biopsies.METHODS:Ninety-four patients with unresectable malignant tumors were included in this study.Patients were divided into 2 groups:18G TCN and 21G FNAC.The total positive rate(TPR) and safety of both groups were compared.RESULTS:TPR was not different between the two groups.Liver puncture track subcapsular hemorrhage and arteriovenous shunt were reported with 18G TCN but not with 21G FNAC.The incidence of pain caused by biopsy was higher for the 18G TCN group compared to the 21G FNAC group(P【0.05).About 82.6% of the patients in the 18G TCN group had a sample length 】0.5 cm,but 52.1% in the 21G FNAC group(P【0.05).More than 50% of patients in both groups had sufficient tissue for immunohistochemical examination.CONCLUSIONS:TPR is not different between the 21G FNAC and 18G TCN biopsy procedures,but the safety of 21G FNAC is superior to that of 18G TCN.Tissues obtained by either of these two procedures are sufficient for a pathological diagnosis.

Numerical modeling and assessment of natural gas pipeline separation in China: the data from Henan Province

China’s natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future.Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan Province,China,as an example,this paper applies numerical modeling to simulate the effects of social welfare and equilibrium prices on nodes in two scenarios:pipeline integration and pipeline separation.The findings reveal the following:(1)Pipeline separation yields greater overall social welfare than pipeline integration,with the welfare shifting from gas producers to consumption markets.(2)Pipeline separation lowers the equilibrium consumption prices by driving competition among gas supply sources.(3)Pipeline separation will increase the contribution of natural gas to primary energy.

Rhenium-osmium(Re-Os)geochronology of crude oil from lacustrine source rocks of the Hailar Basin,NE China

Re-Os radiometric dating of crude oil can be used to constrain the timing of hydrocarbon generation,migration or charge.This approach has been successfully applied to marine petroleum systems;however,this study reports on its application to lacustrine-sourced natural crude oils.Oil s amples from multiple wells producing from the Cretaceous Nantun Formation in the Wuerxun-Beier depression of the Hailar Basin in NE China were analysed.Subsets of the Re-Os data are compatible with a Cretaceous hydrocarbon generation event(131.1±8.4 Ma)occurring within 10 Myr of deposition of the Nantun Formation source rocks.In addition,two younger age trends of 54±12 Ma and 1.28±0.69 Ma can be regressed from the Re-Os data,which may reflect the timing of subsequent hydrocarbon generation events.The Re-Os geochronometer,when combined with complementary age dating techniques,can provide direct temporal constraints on the evolution of petroleum system in a terrestrial basin.

Power of all-fiber amplifier increasing from 1030 W to 2280 W through suppressing mode instability by increasing the seed power

In this work, we investigate suppressing mode instability in detail by varying the seed power in a large mode area all-fiber amplifier with a fiber core diameter of 25 μm. The transverse mode instability(TMI) thresholds are systematically measured for different seed power. Our experimental results reveal that increasing the seed power has a positive influence on enhancing the output power before the TMI effect appears, and finally the TMI threshold is approximately doubled from1030 W to 2280 W when the seed power is increased from 27 W to 875 W. Almost 84.7% slope efficiency is reached with different seed power before the TMI threshold power. During our operation, we also find that in this type of LMA fiber the beam quality of the amplifier is degraded gradually instead of a sudden change as the pump power increases.

Similar Neutralizing Activity in the HIV-1 Infected Long Term Non-progressors(LTNPs) and Typical Progressors(TPs)

Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined. In this paper, we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses. No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found, which was consistent with the most recent reports. In addition, no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found. The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.

Photoresponsive characteristics of thin film transistors with perovskite quantum dots embedded amorphous InGaZnO channels

Photodetectors based on amorphous InGaZnO(a-IGZO)thin film transistor(TFT)and halide perovskites have attracted attention in recent years.However,such a stack assembly of a halide perovskite layer/an a-IGZO channel,even with an organic semiconductor film inserted between them,easily has a very limited photoresponsivity.In this article,we investigate photoresponsive characteristics of TFTs by using CsPbX3(X=Br or I)quantum dots(QDs)embedded into the a-IGZO channel,and attain a high photoresponsivity over 10^3A·W^-1,an excellent detectivity in the order of 10^16 Jones,and a light-to-dark current ratio up to 10^5 under visible lights.This should be mainly attributed to the improved transfer efficiency of photoelectrons from the QDs to the a-IGZO channel.Moreover,spectrally selective photodetection is demonstrated by introducing halide perovskite QDs with different bandgaps.Thus,this work provides a novel strategy of device structure optimization for significantly improving the photoresponsive characteristics of TFT photodetectors.

Ab initio study of dynamical properties of U-Nb alloy melt

The U-Nb alloy,as a kind of nuclear material with good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties,plays an important role in the nuclear industry.However,the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of many parameters which are essential in describing the dynamical properties of this alloy melt,including density,diffusivity,and viscosity,have not been carried out yet.The lack of data on the dynamical properties of nuclear materials seriously hinders the high-performance nuclear materials from being developed and applied.In this work,the dynamical properties of the U-Nb alloy melt are systematically studied by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and their corresponding mathematical models are established,thereby being able to rapidly calculate the densities,diffusion coefficients,viscosities,and their activation energies in the whole U-Nb liquid region.This work provides a new idea for investigating the dynamical properties of binary alloy melts,thereby promoting the development of melt research.

Steriod for Autoimmune pancreatitis complicating by gastric varices: A case report

BACKGROUND Both autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)and gastric varices are related to various diseases.However,AIP complicated by gastric varices is extremely rare,and has only been reported in a few studies.Here,we report a case of AIP complicated by gastric varices in a female Chinese patient.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to our hospital with mild abdominal pain.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a diffusely enlarged pancreas,an obstructed splenic vein and slight splenomegaly.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed gastric varices in the partial gastric fundus and the red-color sign was positive.Blood chemistry showed that IgG4 was notablely elevated.The patient was diagnosed with AIP complicated by gastric varices.Steroid therapy was administered to this patient with the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.After one year of therapy,the pancreas,spleen and splenic vein recovered to the normal states,and the gastric varices had disappeared.CONCLUSION We present this case together with evidence from the literature to demonstrate the effectiveness of steroid therapy in the treatment of AIP complicated by gastric varices.

用于神经形态计算的具有可调功能的浮栅光敏突触晶体管

将记忆和处理功能整合为一个单元的突触器件在神经形态计算、软机器人和人机交互等方面具有广泛的应用潜力.然而,先前报道的大多数突触器件一旦制造出来就表现出固定的性能,这限制了它们在不同场景中的应用.在这里,我们报道了一种以钙钛矿量子点为电荷俘获层、以原子层沉积的Al_(2)O_(3)为隧穿层的浮栅光敏突触晶体管.在电或者光信号的刺激下,该器件都能展示出典型的突触行为,包括兴奋性突触后电流、双脉冲异化和动态滤波特性.进一步地,器件中高质量Al_(2)O_(3)隧穿层和高光敏的钙钛矿量子点电荷俘获层使得其突触可塑性可以在光和电信号的共同调制下实现大范围的调节.在电调制过程中施加光信号可以显著改善突触权重的变化和权值更新的非线性,而光调制下的记忆效应可以明显地受到栅极电压的调节.该器件的阵列进一步展示了对图案"0"和"1"的不同突触权重或记忆时间的学习和遗忘过程.综上,这项工作为构建复杂而稳固的人工神经网络提供了具有可调功能的突触器件.

Improvement of Quality of Nonanesthetic Colonoscopy by Preoperative Administration of Pinaverium Bromide

Background： Nonanesthetic colonoscopy is popular in clinical practice in China. However, intestinal spasms often result in a prolonged examination time, increased operating difficulties, decreased polyp detection rate, and failure to complete the procedure clinically. Therefore, exploring alternative approaches that can reduce the pain in patients during colonoscopy is of utmost importance, and finding the optimal preoperative administration to improve the quality of nonanesthetic colonoscopy is also necessary. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the prophylactic administration of pinaverium bromide before colonoscopy and the effects of pinaverium bromide alone at different time points or combined with scopolamine butylbromide. Methods： A randomized controlled trial was performed on a cohort of 1000 patients who underwent colonoscopy in outpatient clinic of Wuhan Union Hospital. The patients were randomly assigned to the following groups： Group A, given oral pinaverium bromide （100 mg, three times a day） one day before examination combined with intramuscular injection of scopolamine butylbromide （20 mg） 10 min before colonoscopy; Group B0, given pinaverium bromide alone on the day ofcolonoscopy （ 100 mg, three times a day）; Group B1, given pinaverium bromide alone （100 mg, three times a day） one day before colonoscopy; Group B2, given pinaverium bromide alone （100 mg, three times a day） two days before colonoscopy; and Group C, given scopolamine butylbromide alone （20 mg） before colonoscopy. The successful rate of colonoscopy, procedure time, degree of abdominal pain, and polyp detection rate were recorded and compared among all groups. Results： The successful rate of colonoscopy in Group B1 （82.0%） and Group B2 （83.0%） was significantly higher than that in Group B1 （62.0%, all P 〈 0.01 ）. The time to reach the ileocecal region in Group B1 and Group B, were lower than those in Group B0 （all P 〈 0.05）. However, no significant differences were observed in polyp detection rate between Group B1（24.0%） or Group B2 （26.0%）, and Group Bo （22.4%, all P 〉 0.05）. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the various parameters examined between Group B1 and Group B2 （P 〉 0.05）. The successful rate of colonoscopy in Group A （92.0%） was significantly higher than that in Group B2 （82.0%） and Group C （80.0%; both P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the time for the colonoscope to reach the ileocecal region in Group A were markedly shorter as compared to those in Group B1 and Group C （P 〈 0.05）. The polyp detection rate in Group A was 32.0%, significantly higher than that in Group B1 （24.0%, P 〈 0.05） and Group C （24.2%, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Administration of pinaverium bromide alone one day before examination was beneficial to relieve symptoms of abdominal pain during nonanesthetic colonoscopy. In addition, therapeutic effects were improved when pinaverium bromide administration was combined with intramuscular injection of scopolamine butylbromide. Therefore, the combined use ofpinaverium bromide with scopolamine butylbromide might have great application value to improve the quality of nonanesthetic colonoscopy in the preoperative preparation.

Spectrum projection with a bandgap-gradient perovskite cell for colour perception

Optoelectronic devices for light or spectral signal detection are desired for use in a wide range of applications,including sensing,imaging,optical communications,and in situ characterization.However,existing photodetectors indicate only light intensities,whereas multiphotosensor spectrometers require at least a chip-level assembly and can generate redundant signals for applications that do not need detailed spectral information.Inspired by human visual and psychological light perceptions,the compression of spectral information into representative intensities and colours may simplify spectrum processing at the device level.Here,we propose a concept of spectrum projection using a bandgap-gradient semiconductor cell for intensity and colour perception.Bandgap-gradient perovskites,prepared by a halide-exchanging method via dipping in a solution,are developed as the photoactive layer of the cell.The fabricated cell produces two output signals:one shows linear responses to both photon energy and flux,while the other depends on only photon flux.Thus,by combining the two signals,the single device can project the monochromatic and broadband spectra into the total photon fluxes and average photon energies(i.e.,intensities and hues),which are in good agreement with those obtained from a commercial photodetector and spectrometer.Under changing illumination in real time,the prepared device can instantaneously provide intensity and hue results.In addition,the flexibility and chemical/bio-sensing of the device via colour comparison are demonstrated.Therefore,this work shows a human visual-like method of spectrum projection and colour perception based on a single device,providing a paradigm for high-efficiency spectrum-processing applications.