Zircon U-Pb age evidence of the Mesoarchean(2.9–3.2 Ga)crustal remnant in the Southern Dabie Orogen,South China

1.Objective Unlike the North China Plate where Archean and Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks are widely distributed,Early Precambrian basement rocks in the Yangtze Block of South China are locally exposed(Fig.1a),such as in the Kongling Complex,the Zhongxiang Complex,and the Douling Complex(Zhao GC and Cawood PA,2012).The Dabie Orogen is the eastward extension of the Qinling Orogen.

椎间孔镜与椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症后复发率及翻修率比较的Meta分析

目的从复发率和翻修率方面对比当下较热门的椎间孔镜(PTED)与椎间盘镜(MED)对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、Ovid、中国知网和万方数据库6个数据库,收集所有关于PTED与MED在治疗LDH方面有关复发及翻修的高质量文献,对数据进行分类提取后,录入Review Manager 5.2软件,进行整理、分析,最后对所得结果进行敏感性分析及发表偏倚分析。结果此次Meta分析纳入12项研究共2400例患者。PTED与MED相比,其术后复发率高(OR=1.60,95%CI:1.01~2.53)和术后翻修率高(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.18~2.64)。结论尽管PTED具有术中出血少、术后恢复快等微创优点,但其复发率及翻修率均高于MED,目前尚不能盲目地考虑用PTED完全替代MED。

Enriched environment boosts the post-stroke recovery of neurological function by promoting autophagy

Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis,and can be activated after ischemic stroke.It also participates in nerve injury and repair.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an enriched environment has neuroprotective effects through affecting autophagy.A Sprague-Dawley rat model of transient ischemic stroke was prepared by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion.One week after surgery,these rats were raised in either a standard environment or an enriched environment for 4 successive weeks.The enriched environment increased Beclin-1 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the autophagy/lysosomal pathway in the penumbra of middle cerebral artery-occluded rats.Enriched environment-induced elevations in autophagic activity were mainly observed in neurons.Enriched environment treatment also promoted the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes,enhanced the lysosomal activities of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1,cathepsin B,and cathepsin D,and reduced the expression of ubiquitin and p62.After 4 weeks of enriched environment treatment,neurological deficits and neuronal death caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were significantly alleviated,and infarct volume was significantly reduced.These findings suggest that neuronal autophagy is likely the neuroprotective mechanism by which an enriched environment promotes recovery from ischemic stroke.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Kunming University of Science and Technology,China(approval No.5301002013855)on March 1,2019.

Sexual and reproductive health service needs of university/ college students： updates from a survey in Shanghai, China

Aim： To promote the provision of reproductive health services to young people by exploring the attitudes and perceptions of university students in Shanghai, China, toward reproductive health. Methods： From July 2004 to May 2006, 5 243 students from 14 universities in Shanghai took part in our survey. Topics covered the demands of reproductive health-care services, attitudes towards and experience with sex, exposure to pornographic material, and knowledge on sexual health and sexually transmitted infections （STIs）/AIDS. Results： Of the 5 067 students who provided valid answer sheets, 50.05% were female and 49.95% were male, 14.86% were medical students, and 85.14% had non-medical backgrounds. A total of 38.4% of respondents had received reproductive health education previously. The majority of students supported school-based reproductive health education, and also acquired information about sex predominantly from books, schoolmates, and the Internet. Premarital sexual behavior was opposed by 17.7% of survey participants, and 37.5% could identify all the three types of STIs listed in the questionnaire. Although 83.7% knew how HIV is transmitted, only 55.7% knew when to use a condom and 57.8% knew that the use of condoms could reduce the risk of HIV infection. Conclusion： The reproductive health service is lagging behind current attitudes and demands of university students. Although students＇ attitudes towards sexual matters are liberal, their knowledge about reproductive health and STIs/AIDS is still limited. It is therefore necessary to provide effective and confidential reproductive health services to young people.

Hierarchy and subsurface correlation of muddy baffles in lacustrine delta fronts： a case study in the X Oilfield, Subei Basin, China

Muddy baffles are one of the major geological factors controlling the underground fluid flow as well as the remaining oil distribution. This study used detailed drilling data from the E1f1 reservoir in the X Oilfield, Subei Basin, China, to investigate the hierarchical muddy baffles developed on lacustrine delta fronts and their precise cross-well correlation.According to the theories on allogenic and autogenic cycles as well as the genesis and scales of muddy baffles, five orders of muddy baffles were classified, which provided various degrees of difficulty when attempting interwell correlation. Under the guidance of a reliable stratigraphic model, the precise cross-well correlation of muddy baffles could be achieved and the key point of establishment of this stratigraphic model was to calculate foreset angles of hierarchical muddy baffles during deposition. During calculation, the relationships between sediment flow direction, higher-order strata dipping direction,well types and well trajectory direction should all be taken into consideration and some other angles（referred to here as θ1,θ2 and θ3） should also be measured. Such new methods of cross-well correlation for hierarchical muddy baffles could greatly reduce the uncertainties and multiple solutions, which in turn would be significant for efficient development and oil recovery enhancement in the reservoirs.

Redefinition of Early Mesoproterozoic (1800-1600Ma) stratigraphy in the northern Kongling area,China:The nucleus of Yangtze Craton and its tectonic significance

The Wujiatai Formation, which is well exposed in Huangjiatai-Xichahe region of the northern Kongling area of central Yangtze Craton, is a suite of epimetamorphic conglomerates to pebbly sandstones to fine sandstone-dolostones deposited in littoral-carbonate platform facies. The formation has angular unconformity contacts with both the overlying Neoproterozoic Nantuo Formation and the underlying Paleoproterozoic Huanglianghe Formation complex. Detrital zircons from metafine sandstones of the lower Wujiatai Formation have ages ranging from 3377 –1828 Ma, with the youngest zircons dating to about 1828 Ma. In addition, whole-rock Pb-Pb isochron ages from dolostones in the upper Wujiatai Formation yield an age of 1718±230 Ma. These dates constrain the depositional age of the Wujiatai Formation between 1800 Ma and 1600 Ma. These are the earliest Mesoproterozoic sedimentary records reported in the Kongling region, and fill the gaps in Early Mesoproterozoic stratigraphy in Yangtze Craton. Histograms of detrital zircon ages for the Wujiatai Formation reveal four major peaks at 2039 Ma, 2691 Ma, 2966 Ma and 3377 Ma, which is consistent with the ages of the basement rocks that underlie the center of Yangtze Craton, indicating that sediment provenance is mainly from the Kongling complex. The lower Wujiatai Formation mainly consists of clastic rocks, whereas the upper Wujiatai Formation consists of dolostones. This stratigraphic change implies a deepening sequence in an expanding basin with an initial cratonic rifting tectonic setting, corresponding to the initial breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in Yangtze Craton.

Discovery of Shaanxilithes from the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China, and its stratigraphic significance

1.Objectives Shaanxilithes is one of the potential biostratigraphic markers for the definition and correlation of terminal Ediacaran strata.They have been found in terminal Ediacaran siliciclastic successions from Shaanxi Province(Meyer M et al.,2012),Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Shen B et al.,2007),Qinghai Province(Shen B et al.,2007),Guizhou Province(Hua H et al.,2004),Yunnan Province(Zhang ZL et al.,2015)in China,and India(Tarhan LG et al.,2014),Siberia(Cai YP and Hua H,2011)and Namibia(Darroch S et al.,2016).However,these fossils have never been found in the carbonate dominant Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area.

Assessment of Uterine Receptivity by Endometrial and Subendometrial Blood Flows Measured by Vaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound in Women Undergoing IVF Treatment

Objective To evaluate endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound as a predicator of endometrial receptivity in women undergoing IVF treatment. Methods A total of 119 infertile patients undergoing the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycle were recruited. Three groups were divided according to a color Doppler ultrasound examination performed on the day of hCG injection. Group A, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 2 branches and below; group B, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were between 3 and 4 branches; group C, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 5 branches and above. Patients were transferred 1-3 embryos each. Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI, development of embryo and IVF result among groups were compared. Results Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI and development of embryo among groups have no significant difference. The pregnancy rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B （P〈0.05） and group C （P〈0.01）. The implantation rate of group A was significantly lower than than of group C （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference of the rate of pregnancy and implantation between group B and group C （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound is a good predicator of pregnancy during IVF treatment. A good endometrial and subendometrial blood flows is benefit for the result of IVF.

Division of tectonic-strata superregions in China

The continent of China is grouped into Pan-Cathaysian blocks,Laurasia and Gondwana Continental margins and relics of three oceans-Paleoasian,Tethys,and Pacific as a whole.In detail,the continent of China grew up by coalescence of three blocks or platforms (North China,Tarim and Yangtze)and eight orogenic belts (Altay-Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling,Tianshan-Junggar-Beishan,Qinling-Qilian- Kunlun,Qiangtang-Sanjiang,Gangdise,Himalaya,Cathaysia,Eastern Taiwan)during the processes of oceanic crust disappearance and acceretionary-collision of continental crusts.In the orogenic belts,six convergent crustal consumption zones (Ertix-Xar Moron,South Tianshan,Kuanping-Foziling,Bangong co-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian,Yarlung-Tsangpo,Jiangshao-Chenzhou-Qinfang)have been distinguished.Correspondingly,the strata of the continent of China are subdivided into 17 tectonicstrata superregions,which tectonically belong to three blocks or platforms,six convergent crustal consumption zones and eight orogenic series,respectively.This division is based mainly on differences of tectonic environment and tectonic evolution among blocks,zones and belts,including the timing of when the oceanic crusts transferred into continental crusts,the paleobiogeographic features,and the types of strata.

Knickkopf (LmKnk) is required for chitin organization in the foregut of Locusta migratoria

The foregut,located at the front of the digestive tract,serves a vital role in in-sects by storing and grinding food into small particles.The innermost layer of the foregut known as the chitinous intima,comes into direct contact with the food and acts as a protec-tive barrier against abrasive particles.Knickkopf(Knk)is required for chitin organization in the chitinous exoskeleton,tracheae and wings.Despite its significance,lttle is known about the biological function of Knk in the foregut.In this study,we found that LmKnk was stably expressed in the foregut,and highly expressed before molting in Locusta migrato-ria.To ascertain the biological function of LmKnk in the foregut,we synthesized specific double-stranded LmKnk(dsLmKnk)and injected it into locusts.Our findings showed a significant decrease in the foregut size,along with reduced food intake and accumulation of residues in the foregut after dsLmKnk injection.Morphological observations revealed that newly formed intima became thinner and lacked chitin lamella.Furthermore,fluores-cence immunohistochemistry revealed that LmKnk was located in the apical region of new intima and epithelial cells.Taken together,this study provides insights into the biological function of LmKnk in the foregut,and identifies the potential target gene for exploring biological pest management strategies.

Influence of Gynaecologic Adnexal Surgeries on Subsequent Ovarian Function and In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the correlation between gynaecologic adnexal surgery history and pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization （IVF） treatment. Methods A total of 810 women who were proceeded 810 IVF; treatment cycles from October 2009 to March 2011 were recruited to this retrospective study, based on whether they had history of gynaecologic adnexal surgeries or not. Among 810 women, 587 women had no gynaecologic adnexal surgeries （group A）, 223 women had gynaecologic adnexal surgeries （group B）. Additionally, the group B was further divided into 4 subgroups based on their different gynaecologic adnexal surgery histories, such as tubal conservative surgery （group Bal）, unilateral salpingectomy （group Ba2）, ovarian cyst ablation （group Bbl） and unilateral adnexal resection （group Bb2）. The basal levels of FSH, antral follicle count （AFC）, clinical pregnancy rate （CPR）, embryos implantation rates （IR） and live birth rates （LBR） were compared.Results The levels of FSH and AFC were significantly different between groups A and B, respectively. Therefore, CPR, IR and LBR were significantly lower （P 〈0.05） in group B （30.9%, 17.8% and 25.1%） compared with group A （39.9%, 22.8% and 32.4%）. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the patients who had tubal conservation surgery （group Bal） and who had unilateral salpingectomy （group Ba2）. However, in contrast to unilateral adnexectomy, ovarian cystectomy surgery influenced FSH and AFC significant, even for the number of oocyte retrieved, but did not affect the IVF treatment outcome. Conclusion The previous history of gynaecologic adnexal surgeries may affect the subsequent ovarian function and also IVF outcomes. As for different operation methods, between tubal conservation surgery and unilateral salpingectomy, the IVF outcomes were not significantly different. The same result we found in different ovarian operation groups.

Lmlntegrinβ-PS is required for wing morphogenesis and development in Locusta migratoria

Wings are an important flight organ of insects and their morphogenesis depends on a series of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions.Integrin as a transmembrane protein receptor mediates cell-to-cell adhesion,cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions and signal transduction.In the present study,we characterized an integrin gene that encodes integrinβ-PS protein in Locusta migratoria.Lmlntegrinβ-PS is highly expressed in the wing pads and the middle stages of 5th instar nymphs.Immunohisto-chemical analysis revealed that the Lmlntegrinβ-PS protein was localized at the cell base of the two layers of wings.After suppression of Lmlntegrinβ-PS by RNA interference,the wing pads or wings were unable to form normally,with a blister wing appearance during nymph to nymph transition and nymph to adult transition.We further found that the dorsal and ventral epidermis of the wings after dsLmlntegrinβ-PS injection were improperly connected and formed huge cavities revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Furthermore,the morphology and structure of the wing cuticle was significantly disturbed which affected the stable arrangement and attachments of the wing epidermis.Moreover,the expression of related cell adhesion genes was significantly decreased in LmIntegrinβ-PS-suppressed L.migratoria,suggesting that Lmlntegrinβ-PS is required for the morphogenesis and development of wings during molting by stabilizing cell adhesion and maintaining the cytoskeleton of these cells.

PGT or ICSI?The impression of NGS-based PGT outcomes in nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome

This retrospective study demonstrates the clinical outcomes of patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome(KS)who underwent preimplantation genetic testing(PGT)with frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.Microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)was performed for sperm retrieval.Next-generation sequencing(NGS)was conducted for embryo analysis.A total of 18 couples aged≤35 years were included,and 22 oocyte retrieval cycles were completed.Euploidy was detected in 29 of 45(64.4%)embryos.Additionally,the numbers of aneuploid and mosaic embryos detected were 8(17.8%)and 8(17.8%),respectively,regardless of a lack of sex chromosome abnormalities.Finally,13 couples with euploid embryos completed 14 frozen embryo transfer(FET)cycles.Ten couples had clinical pregnancies,and 6 of them had already delivered 5 healthy babies and 1 monozygotic twin.There were also 4 ongoing pregnancies and 2 biochemical pregnancies,but no early pregnancy loss was reported.Based on our results,we speculate that for KS patients,when sperm can be obtained by micro-TESE,the cryopreservation strategy makes the ovarian stimulation procedure more favorable for female partners.The paternal genetic risk of sex chromosome abnormalities in their offspring is extremely low in men with KS.In addition to PGT,the intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)procedure is comparably effective but more economical for young nonmosaic KS couples.ICSI should be offered as an option for such couples,but monitoring by prenatal genetic diagnosis is recommended.

Endometrial Collagen Fibril Hyperplasia is Associated with Implantation Failure in Women Undergoing IVF-ET

Objective To analyse the effects of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation （ COH） on the endometrial expression of collagen fibril （CF） during the peri-implantation period in patients undergoing IVF, and its relation to endometrial receptivity （ER） in repeated implantation failure（RIF）. Methods Peripheral blood and endometrial biopsies were obtained from 45 infertile women on days 5, 7 or 9 after oocytes retrieval or ovulation in a stimulated cycle （SC） and natural cycle （NC） respectively. CF was assayed by transmission electron microscope and quantified by modified Masson dyeing. The outcome of subsequent embryo transfer（ET） was observed. Results Levels of both E2 and progesterone were higher in the peripheral blood in SC than in NC. Also the expression of CF in the stroma in each secretory phase was increased significantly in SC （P 〈O.05）. After embryo transferring, expression levels of CF in the pregnancy group dropped between the mid- and late-secretory phase, but no change in the non-pregnancy group. In the same term, all patients undergone endometrial curettage had higher pregnancy rate than those without. Conclusion Imbalance of production and degradation of endometrial CF in the secretory phase resulting from COH may be the cause of defective ER and implantation failure in some RIF patients. Endometrial curettage may improve implantation rate by inducing appropriate CF hyperplasia and degradation.